SELF STUDY: 8051 RE2 ARCHITECTURE

Anupama KR & Meetha.V.Shenoy EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN 8051

The Intel MCS-51 (commonly referred to as 8051) is a Harvard architecture, single chip microcontroller (C) series which was developed by Intel in 1980 for use in embedded systems with multitasking real-time operating system support. Intel's original versions were popular in the 1980s and early 1990s and enhanced binary compatible derivatives remain popular today. Intel's original MCS-51 family was developed using NMOS technology, but later versions, identified by a letter C in their name (e.g., 80C51) used CMOS technology and consume less power than their NMOS predecessors. This made them more suitable for battery-powered devices. The family was 1996 continued with the enhanced 8-bit MCS-151 and the 8/16/32-bit MCS251 family of binary compatible microcontrollers. While Intel no longer manufactures the MCS-51, MCS-151 and MCS-251 family, enhanced binary compatible derivatives made by numerous vendors remain popular today. Some derivatives integrate a digital signal processor (DSP). In addition to these physical devices, several companies also offer MCS-51 derivatives as IP cores for use in FPGAs or ASICs designs.

Related Processors The 8031 was a cut down version of the original Intel 8051 that did not contain any internal program memory (ROM). To use this chip, external ROM had to be added containing the program that the 8031 would fetch and execute. An 8051 chip could be sold as a ROM-less 8031, as the 8051's internal ROM is disabled by the normal state of the EA pin in an 8031based design. A vendor might sell an 8051 as an 8031 for any number of reasons, such as faulty code in the 8051's ROM, or simply an oversupply of 8051's and undersupply of 8031's. The 8052 was an enhanced version of the original 8051 that featured 256 bytes of internal RAM instead of 128 bytes, 8 kB of ROM instead of 4 kB, and a third 16-bit timer. The 8032 had these same features except for the internal ROM program memory. Most modern "8051compatible" microcontrollers include these features. Intel discontinued its MCS-51 product line in March 2007 however there are plenty of enhanced 8051 products or silicon intellectual property added regularly from other vendors. Current vendors of MCS-51 compatible processors include more than 20 independent manufacturers including Atmel, Infineon Technologies (formerly Siemens AG), Maxim Integrated Products (via its Dallas Semiconductor subsidiary), NXP (formerly Philips Semiconductor), Microchip Technology, Nuvoton (formerly Winbond), ST Microelectronics, Silicon Laboratories (formerly Cygnal), Texas Instruments, Ramtron International, Silicon Storage Technology, Cypress Semiconductor and Analog Devices. The 80C537 and 80C517 are CMOS versions, designed for the automotive industry. Enhancements mostly include new peripheral features and expanded arithmetic instructions.

The 80C517 has fail-safe mechanisms, analog signal processing facilities and timer capabilities and 8 kB on-chip program memory.

Features of 8051 The 8051 architecture provides many functions (CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O, interrupt logic, timer, etc.) in a single package 8-bit ALU, Accumulator, 8-bit Registers and 8-bit data bus; hence it is an 8-bit microcontroller Boolean 1-bit processor Multiply, divide and compare instructions 4 register banks with 8 registers each (memory mapped) Fast interrupt with register bank switching Interrupts and threads with selectable priority supporting basic multitasking up to hardware assisted, small real-time operating systems (RTOS) with pre-emptive multitasking[ Dual 16-bit address bus It can access 2 x 216 memory locations 64 kB (65536 locations) each of RAM and ROM 128 bytes of on-chip RAM (IRAM) 4 KiB of on-chip ROM, with a 16-bit (64 KiB) address space (PMEM) Four byte bi-directional input/output port UART (serial port) Two 16-bit Counter/timers

Features of the modern 8051 include built-in reset timers with brown-out detection, on-chip oscillators, self-programmable Flash ROM program memory, built-in external RAM, extra internal program storage, boot loader code in ROM, EEPROM non-volatile data storage, IC, SPI, and USB host interfaces, CAN or LIN bus, PWM generators, Analog comparators, A/D and D/A converters, RTCs, extra counters and timers, in-circuit debugging facilities, more interrupt sources, and extra power saving modes.

Important Tips for Self Study Remember your aim is to understand the working of the microcontroller o that it can be used for design Start with 8051 Generic Manual Understand the capability of every I/O module in 8051 and its limitation- for e.g. if your looking at the timer try to understand the following o Modes of Operation o Where each mode can be used o Mode supports autoreload or not ? o Maximum frequency that can be generated o Minimum Frequency that can be generated o Frequency Resolution 8051 RE2 manual an be read next concentrate on the additionl facilties such as Timer 2, SPI, Keyboard Interrupts, TWI