INTRODUCTION

In past few years the field of communication has been developing with no leaps or bounds. It has become a necessity of each human being to be connected with each other. Telephone is rapidly becoming a tool to uench this thirst. In !utomatic Telephony" operators are not re uired to establish connections manually between the different calling and the called subscribers as are re uired in the case of manual telephone systems. In these system subscribers themselves establish re uired connections by operating the different switches placed at the central place #nown as the $%C&!N'$ from their telephones at remote place from it. The automatic telephone systems are rapidly replacing manual ones due to their outstanding merits over the latter types" some of which are enumerated below( ) In !utomatic Telephony higher level of secrecy is maintained due to absence of Operators who can overhear the conversation if they li#e in the manual telephone systems. The working of an Automatic Telephone system does not depend for its efficiency On the personal efficiencies of the operators

) There is no possibility of the calls being missed or wrong metering being done due to faults of operators or due to phonetic errors between the subscribers and the operators.

!s no operator is re uired" the running cost of the e*change is reduced.

Introduction to +&$,
+&$, was primarily set up to meet the needs of the power sector in the country. The first plant was established nearly -. years ago at +hopal" which heralded the genesis of the heavy electrical e uipment in India. +&$, is today the largest engineering enterprise in India" with e*cellent trac# record of performance" ma#ing profits continuously since /01/213. It achieved a sales turnover of Rs. -/.4 crores with a pre2ta* 5rofit of Rs.36/ crores" in /00620/. The areas of +&$, operations broadly cover conversion" transmission" utili7ation and conservation of energy in core sectors of the economy li#e 5ower" Industry and Transportation" etc." and fulfil vital infrastructure needs of the country. Today" +&$, has /- manufacturing divisions" 8 service centers and 4 5ower 9ector Regional Centers" in addition to over /.6 pro:ect sites spread all over India and even abroad to provide prompt and effective service to customers. +&$, &ardwar is one of the premier organi7ations which is honored by I.9.O.20663 specifications and supplies 4.; of the total 1.; production of generation of generators and turbines of India.

T$,$CO<<UNC!TION
Need of Intercom( The limitation of dual phone is that only parties can share their information and they have on connection to the surroundings. =hen conversation between many people are re uired>but not more than 3.people? only two people at a time intercom can be used. In Intercom connected telephone systems there is no dialing systems but a rotary systems provided where numbers are mar#ed as the capacity of the intercom. 9uppose we are using /6 line intercom then there will be /6 numbers mar#ed on the rotary system and pointer which is initially holds at off position. The party which wants to initiali7e conversation will rotate the pointer to the number of the second party with whom he@she wants to tal# then a ring tone rights on the second party phone and conversation stars. The intercom are basically provided in a house or in a corporate office.

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 9witching 9ystem( =ith the introduction of switching systems the subscribers are not connected to the switching system. =hen a subscriber wants to communicate with another a connection is established between the two at the switching system. In switching system only one lin# per subscriber is re uired between the subscriber and the switching system and the total number of such lin#s e ual to the number of subscribers connected to the system. The function performed by a switching system in established connections are #nown as control function .

!utomatic switching system were manual and operator oriented .!utomatic switching system can be classified as Electromechanical and Electronic. $lectromechanical switching system include step by step and crossbar systems.

 The control functions in a step by step systems are performed by circuit associated with the system. Crossbar systems have hard wired control subsystems which uses relays and latches. switching elements in the

!utomatic Telephone systems are rapidly replacing manual one due to their outstanding merits over the latter types some of which are enumerated belowA In !utomatic telephony higher level of secrecy is maintained due to absence of operators who can overhear the conversation if they li#e in the manual telephone systems. The wor#ing of an !utomatic Telephone 9ystem does not depend for its efficiencies of the operators.

 There is no possibility of the calls being missed or wrong metering being done due to fault of operators or due to phonetic errors between the subscribers and operators. !s no operator is re uired the running cost of the e*change is reduced

T$,$CO<<UNIC!TION
+&$, manufactures $5!+% and <!% systems based on C2Dot technology and has plans to ma#e other ranges of telecommunication e uipment also.

These are basically used for connecting lin#s between various modules li#e peripherals" e*change and its e uipments. It is necessary to run a number of internal cables of suitable conductors between the following stages and frames(2

/. &andset to e*changeBs cable chamber 3. Cable chamber to <.D.C. -. <.D.C. to I.D.C. 4. I.D.C. to Number +loc# .. Number +loc# to $*change $ uipment D. between two e*changes 1. between two cities 8. between two countries