Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare ISSN 2224-32 ! "#a$er% ISSN 222&- '3( ")nline% *ol.4, No.

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BRIS Soil Suitability Assessment on Sweet Potato in Merang- Terengganu Region of Malaysia
-s.an /. Isha0,,21, Ba2agana -.ara2 ,H./. 3di Ar.anto,,3,./.A. Ad4e.i, ,.5e$art.ent of Agrotechnology, 6aculty of Agrotechnology and 6ood Science "6AS/% -/7 - 2, 3 7erengganu 8 /alaysia 2.5e$art.ent of Agricultural 3ngineering 7echnology, 9a.at #olytechnic, $.2 , + . /aiduguri Borno State, Nigeria 3.6aculty of Agriculture, Sriwi:aya -ni;ersity, 3 <<2 South Su.atra, Indonesia 1 3-.ail= t>2us.an?yahoo.co. Abstract 7he research o2:ecti;es focus on the e;aluation of the $hysical $ro$erties of B9IS soil@ to in;estigate the li.iting factors for sweet $otato cro$@ also to create the awareness of the far.ers as to the fertility and soil characteristics for 2etter sweet $otato $roduction and the effort to increase sweet $otato cro$ $roduction. Soil fertility status of soil series are classified as ;ery low to low, eAce$t Base Saturation 2ecause the soils are strongly influenced 2y sea .o;e.ent. Soil fertility status of soil series are classified as ;ery low to low, eAce$t Base Saturation 2ecause the soils are strongly influenced 2y sea .o;e.ent. Howe;er, Baging and 9hu 7a$ai soil suita2ility in ter.s of nutrient where .ostly /Bn-Bd, with S- at the slo$e@ for 9udua and Ja.2u they are .ostly S with no trace of so.e soil criteria. Howe;er the needed efforts re0uired in i.$ro;ing the soil ca$a2ility fro. actual to $otential soil suita2ility for sweet $otato culti;ation can 2e seen in the agrono.ic re0uire.ent ta2le a2o;e. Hence, co;er the soils with .ulch, .a>e s$rin>le irrigation, .a>e da. for water holding and retention, gi;e and .aintain organic .atters in the soils and do not 2urn 2io.ass, fertili4e soils with N#C and organic fertili4ers. Keywords: Suita2ility, assess.ent, Bris soil series, Soil #rofile, 7erengganu INTR !"#TI N 7he 2enefit of in$ut in all ra.ifications is to enhance a s$ecific $roduct "soil% with a great $reference of outco.e which will 2e of i.$ortant re0uisites in the de;elo$.ent of agricultural $roduct. 7he suita2ility e;aluation of soil is usually deter.ined 2y the ro2ust success of $roduce culti;ated in the study area. -ndou2tedly, the assess.ent has often 2een used in reference to the ter. e;aluation and attri2utes to the su..ery of a $articular situation, there2y contri2uting to ade0uate eA$eri.ental or analytical infor.ation a2out the soil. Howe;er, the 2asis criterion for a $articular cro$ suita2ility classification is .ainly ai.ed on the soil $hysical $ro$erties. 7hus, in ;iew of .any constraints that are ;ery co..on in the field of soil science, the study has continued to e.ulate the 2asis of soil science eA$erts in the syste., in order to $roduce a co.$rehensi;e soil classification. Howe;er, B9IS soil is a $ro2le.atic soil and as such should 2e handle traditionally in ter.s of the $hysical ca$a2ility classification, >nowing ;ery well the constraints li>e, li.ited a2ility to su$$ort cro$ growth, $oorly structured, low water retention, this is as a results of eAcessi;e accu.ulation of sedi.ents and sand fro. undulating sea during the .onsoon seasons that carries along coarse sand $articles. 7herefore, B9IS "Beach 9idges Inters$ersed with Swales% soils in #eninsular /alaysia are .ostly found near the coastal area in 7erengganu with area of <+,&!2.<, ha, in #ahang around 3<, ,+.,+ ha, and in Celantan a2out ,+,! <.2 ha "Ar.anto et al., 2 ,3%.7herefore, the .ain o2:ecti;e of this article is to e;aluate the $hysical $ro$erties of B9IS soil and the effort to increase of .ai4e cro$ $roduction. M$T% ! & '( 'eogra)*y of Study Area 7he research sites consist of four selected location in the 3ast coast area of 7erengganu, /alaysia and the study was conducted fro. /arch to 5ece.2er 2 ,3. 7he study area lies at the ele;ations in a range 2etween -& . a.s.l ". a2o;e sea le;el%.7he slo$e stee$ness is -3 D with a .ean ;alue around 2D. It is located at & ,2E2 north and , 3 ,2E2, east, with te.$erature of 2' c, the ;egetation of the area is .ostly grasses and shru2s. So.e of the selected locations ha;e soil $arent .aterials of sand sedi.ent 2y using geological .a$s with ,=& , scale. /ost of soils are classified as B9IS soils "3ntisol and S$odosols%. Fandsat i.ages hel$ to characteri4e the 2oundaries of three locations. 7he to$ogra$hic characteristics included slo$e while the soil $ro$erties included soil teAture, de$th, salinity, and drainage and car2on .aterials. Also, soil $ro$erties such as Gation 3Achange Ga$acity "G3G%, organic .atter "D)/% and $H were considered in ter.s of soil fertility "Sys et al., ,'',%. A soil $rofile $it was o$ened in each land unit, four $rofile $its in total, and descri2ed using soil descri$tion guideline "6A), ,'' %. Soil classification was .ade 2ased on 6A) ",''!%.

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6igure ,= G3G of soil regulates the nutrient a2sor$tion in sandy soil #hysiogra$hy
Geography of the area

*egetation

Bris soil

Soil $rofile

#hysical $ro$erties

Sa.$ling for soil fertility status

Ghe.ical $ro$erties

Gli.ate

Fa2. analysis data

Soil 3;aluation

Sweet $otato re0uire.ent

6igure 2= 6lowchart for land e;aluation.

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R$S"&TS AN! !IS#"SSI NS )*ysiogra)*y of t*e study area 7he $hysiogra$hic grou$ of the soil, the su2grou$, the soil characteristics, and the land uses of the study area are ta2ulated in 7a2le , and soil .a$ is de$icted in figure 3. Hhereas the eA$lanation of the soil .a$ legend is included in the soil sa.$le analyses result for each soil .a$$ing unit as re$resented in ta2le , 2elow. As the wor> $rogresses in the study area, the land uses in the locations of allu;ial de$osit and that of the .arine were 2ushes, shru2s, tree cro$s, u$land cro$, $lantations of tree cro$s li>e oil $al., etc. also in so.e areas are settle.ents, ho.e garden. Hhile the $eat 2og area were .ainly do.inated with features li>e oil $al. $lantation, tree cro$s, s.allholder cro$ far.ing, settle.ents, swa.$y $eat forest, swa.$y 2ushes and shru2s, so.e swa.$y area are co;ered with forest, shru2s and 2ushes as well as rice far.. 7a2le ,. #hysiogra$hical grou$s, soil su2grou$s, soil characteristics and land uses of /erang study area. #hysiogra$hic Su2grou$ of Soil Soil characteristic Fand use grou$ #hysiogra$hy Allu;ial "fine to Allu;ial $lain isohy$erther.ic, 6ine 8 coarse, 9ice, $onds, coastal coarse soil% " transition 4one% ty$ic, siliceous, slightly acidic, ;ery $onds, coconut, 0uart4i$sa..ents, dee$. swa.$s. $sa..a0uents 6lood $lain 5ee$ - ;ery dee$, 9ice fields shru2sB 3ndoa0ue$ts 3ndoa0uents Slightly Acid- 2ushes -diflu;ents neutral Slightly coarse-fine 9i;er terraces Sandy, siliceous, isohy$erther.ic, 9ice field, u$land arenic, alorthods 5ee$-;ery dee$, -diflu;ents Acidicneutral, agricultural far.ing slightly fine-fine /arine "fine coarse soil% to Beach ridges and swales isohy$erthe.ic Grya0uods, udi$sa..ents 5ee$-*ery dee$, neutral, coarse "to$ soil slightly coarse$eaty% *ery dee$, neutral, slightly coarse-fine S$arsely coconut, shru2s "casuarinas e0uisetifolia etc% B2ush, settle.ents, forest, swa.$y forest, shru2sB 2ush, grass ;egetation, .angro;e

#alustarine terrain

#lacorthods, Alorthods, Arenic Alorthods A0uic 5uricryods

Goastal $lain -dis$sa..ent, endoa0ue$ts, eutru0ue$t /arine tarraces #eat 2og "organic .atter% 5ystrude$ts, eutrude$ts, endoa0ue$ts Ha$losa$rists, ha$lohe.ists

*ery dee$, neutral, slightly coarseslightly fine 5ee$-*ery dee$, acid-neutral, slightly fine Sa$rists- ha.ists I 2.

coastal $onds, $onds, rice field, settle.ent, shru2sB2ushes u$land agricultural land,

)ligotro$hic, do.e

$eat

food cro$s ";egeta2les%, tree cro$s, forest, swa.$y 2ushs

source= fro. field o2ser;ation, la2oratory analyses and ado$tion of Hahyunto et al. BRIS Soil Series Based on drainage classes and a2senceBina2sence of s$odic hori4on de$ths, B9IS soils can 2e di;ided into four soil series, i.e. Baging, 9hu 7a$ai, 9udua and Ja.2u. Baging Series. Baging is located nearest and running $arallel to the shoreline on the first terraces "9,% and 2elongs to the youngest a.ong the three other soil series. 7he to$ogra$hy of the area was al.ost flat which

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Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare ISSN 2224-32 ! "#a$er% ISSN 222&- '3( ")nline% *ol.4, No.+, 2 ,4

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$ro2a2ly due to agricultural acti;ities with ele;ation around & -,2 c. a2o;e sea le;el. Baging series do not show hori4on differentiation and are classified as 3ntisols "Sandy, siliceous, isohy$erther.ic, 7y$ic Juart4i$sa..ents%. Baging series are so.ewhat eAcessi;e drained meaning t*at water is re.o;ed fro. the soil ra$idly. Internal free water occurrence co..only is ;ery rare or ;ery dee$. 7he soils are co..only coarseteAtured and ha;e high saturated hydraulic conducti;ity. 7he water ta2le was K ,3 c. de$th "during the dry .onths%. S$odic hori4ons are not found till de$th of I ,3 c. "Ar.anto et al 2 ,3%. 9hu 7a$ai Series. 9hu 7a$ai Series are co..only located on the second terraces "92% in the distance away "I & .% fro. the first terraces and classified as S$odosols "Sandy, siliceous, isohy$erther.ic, Arenic Alorthods%. 9hu 7a$ai series are .oderately well drained. It means t*at water is re.o;ed fro. the soil so.ewhat slowly during so.e $eriods of the year. Internal free water occurrence is .oderately dee$ and transitory through $er.anent. 7he soils are wet for only a short ti.e within the rooting de$th during the growing season, 2ut long enough that .ost .eso$hytic cro$s are affected. 7hey co..only ha;e a .oderately low or lower saturated hydraulic conducti;ity in a layer within the u$$er , . and $eriodically recei;e high rainfall. S$odic hori4on occurs at K & c. de$th. 9udua Series. 9udua series are so.ewhat e+cessi,ely drained- Hater is re.o;ed ;ery ra$idly. 7he occurrence of internal free water co..only is ;ery rare or ;ery dee$ "I & c.%. 6ree of .ottling was related to wetness. 7he soils are co..only coarse-teAtured and ha;e ;ery high hydraulic conducti;ity. #rocesses of elu;iations, illu;iation and $od4oli4ation are co..only caused 2y the eAcessi;e drainage conditions. 7herefore s$odic hori4on is translocated down to a lower de$th co.$ared to that of 9hu 7a$ai series@ in the 9udua series s$odic hori4on occurs at & -, c. de$th. 7he 9udua series are .ore leached co.$aring to 9hu 7a$ai. Both soils are classified as S$odosols "Sandy, siliceous, isohy$erther.ic, Arenic Alorthods%. Ja.2u Series. Ja.2u Series are sited on the oldest a.ong the terraces "93% and located farthest away fro. the coastline. S$odic hori4on in the soil was found at de$ths of I ,2 c.. 7he strongly 2leached ellu;ial hori4on is ;ery thic>. 7he Ja.2u series are classified also as S$odosols "Sandy, siliceous, isohy$erther.ic, Arenic Alorthods%. 7he terraces containing Ja.2u Series could ha;e 2een le;eled flat "to a lower ele;ation% as a result of sand .ining or agricultural acti;ities "land le;eling%. So.eti.es it was done in good faith, trying to .a>e this ridge confor. to the surrounding landsca$e for $ractical agricultural $roduction. As such the s$odic hori4on in this area was o2ser;ed to 2e less than ,2 c. 2elow the surface and thus no longer considered as Ja.2u Series as defined 2y the /alaysian Syste. of Soil Glassification. Ja.2u Series were co..only found in an undistur2ed location "Ar.anto et al 2 ,3%. Base on the Soil 7aAono.y "Soil Sur;ey Staff 2 3%, the soil in the study area do.inantly 3ntisols and S$odosols orders. 3ntisols at the location of study are still young and they are situated 2y the saturated water en;iron.ent. 7hey lac> the $resence of diagnostic hori4ons within a s$ecific de$th in their $rofile. S$odosols soil is co..only found in cool, .oist, hu.id, or $erhu.id en;iron.ents. 7hey can also 2e found in hot hu.id tro$ical regions etc. Surface litter co.$osed of de2ris, 2rea>s down in the $resence of water to for. a wea> organic acid. Acidic soil water re.o;es 2ase ions in solution to create an acidic soil. 3asily dissol;ed .aterials are leached fro. surface layers lea;ing 2ehind the .ost resistant .aterial li>e 0uart4 creating an ashygrey, near-surface layer. Fayers at de$th are stained with iron and alu.inu. oAides. Soil )rofile Soils in their natural characteristics can ;ary significantly, thus the si4es and for. of the $articles that contri2ute to the soil are eA$lained .ore on the characteristics= Glay si4e= less than . 2.. Silt si4e = . 2- . &.. Sand si4e= . &-2.. Stones si4e= larger than 2.. in si4e 7he do.inating $article si4e and sha$es in so.e cases gi;es soil its characteristics and due to the tiny clay $articles ha;ing a large surface area for a gi;en ;olu.e of clay they do.inate the rest of the $articles, for instance= /ore often, soils with clay $articles ha;e o;er 2& $ercent clay. Also >nown as hea;y soils, these can 2e $otentially rich as they ha;e nutrients 2ound to the clay .inerals in the soil. Howe;er they also rich in holding a high $ro$ortion of water due to the attraction in ca$illary of the tiny s$aces 2etween the .uch clay $articles. 7hey also ha;e the a2ility to drain slowly and ta>e longer to war. u$ in s$ring than sandy soils. Glay soils are easily co.$acted when trodden and they 2eco.e ;ery hard in sunny $eriod as result in the influA of radiation, often with indication of crac>ing noticea2ly. Soils of these nature often test the li.its of the far.er to, thus when ad.inistered $ro$erly with culti;ation and it is ;ery .uch rewarding to wor> with. Howe;er sandy soils on the other hand ha;e high sand and little $ro$ortion of clay. Hhich

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is also >nown as light soils, these soils drain 0uic>ly in the $resent of rain or watering, and they are easily wor>a2le and culti;ated. 7hey get war. u$ easily and 0uic>ly during s$ring than clay soils. Howe;er on the downside, they dry u$ 0uic>ly and are wea> in $lant nutrients, which are 0uic>ly washed away 2y rain and they are often ;ery acidic as a result of hu.us acti;ities. 7hey are .ostly found at the to$ soil $rofile. Silt soils, these co.$rised .ainly of inter.ediate si4ed $articles, they can 2e fertile de$ending on the ;egetation and to$ogra$hy of the area and they are fairly well drained and hold .ore .oisture than sandy soils, 2ut they are easily co.$acted due to the structure they retain. Foa.y soils, they co.$rised .ainly of a .iAture of clay, sand and silt that li.it the eAtre.es of clay or sandy soils and are fertile, they are well-drained and easily wor>ed. Howe;er they can 2e clay-loa. or sandy-loa. de$ending on their $redo.inant co.$osition and culti;ation characteristics. Hence, in the case of $eat soils they are .ainly organic .atter and are usually ;ery fertile and hold .uch .oisture characteristic. 7hey are seldo. found in ;egetated area. Howe;er sweet $otatoes grow ;ery well in sandy or sandy loa. due to the characteristics for.ation of the soil.

figure 3= A co.$rehensi;e soil $rofile P*ysical )ro)erties 7he $hysical and che.ical $ro$erties of "#4% are .ore or less deficient as $ar their content in all ra.ifications for cro$ growth@ hence the a;aila2le # is 2etter in ter.s of cro$ growth, where as the eAchangea2le 2ases are low and as well the N total and the organic G. Howe;er, the Baging soil indication of light yellowish to 2rown color does not gi;e a clear detection of iron in the soil $rofile. 7herefore, a soil ad.inistration is ad;ised in order to increase cro$ $roduction suita2ility "-s.an et al 2 ,3%. 7he natural ;egetation in the study area and its surrounding is short shru2, grass "Loysia .atrala% and casuarina s$ecies "Gasuarina e0uisetifolia%. 7hese low nutrients de.anding $lant s$ecies could ha;e $ro;ided organic .aterials, 2ut the hu.us is ;ery acid and cannot $roduce soil hu.us es$ecially in the to$soil, 2ecause this acidic hu.us is not a2le to su$$ort high 2iological acti;ities in the B9IS soils. 7he de$osits of ridges "or terraces% consist of unconsolidated de$osits of sand and gra;el with so.e clay and silt. ,&

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7hese de$osits are young Allu;iu. "Su2 recent Allu;iu.% and 2elong to Holocene age "K , , years%. 7he young Allu;iu. is characteri4ed 2y unweathered or slightly weathered clasts and soils de;elo$ed fro. these de$osits ha;e de$ths of K 2 .. Based on terrace locations and a2senceBina2sence of s$odic hori4on de$ths, thus the terraces found nearest to the coastal line is classified as the youngest age "9,%, while the .iddle terraces 2elong to the inter.ediate age "92%@ howe;er the ridge farthest away fro. the coastal line is classified as the oldest age "93%. 7he 9, ridge is the youngest a.ong the three and is located nearest and running $arallel to the shoreline "Ar.anto et al 2 ,3%. 5uring the field sur;ey, soil series in the de$ression were not intensi;ely studied 2ecause the co..on features of the landsca$es were ;ery dyna.ic and co..only they are not utili4ed for agriculture $ur$oses, eAce$t for touris. and recreation. Gatena of B9IS soils fro. 3ast to Hest of /erang is gi;en in 6igure 2.

6igure 4= Gatena of B9IS soils fro. 3ast to Hest "9,, 92 and 93 re$resents the young, older and oldest terraces res$ecti;ely, .odified fro. 9oslan et al., 2 , % #*emical )ro)erties and Sam)ling for Soil .ertility Status All soil $ara.eters are classified as ;ery low to low, eAce$t Base Saturation 2ecause the soils are strongly influenced 2y sea .o;e.ent. 7he soil reaction is closely related to so.e soil che.ical $ro$erties, such as solu2ility H, organic .atter content, the content of the 2ases, saturation-Al and so others. Soils with high hydrogen ion solu2ility and high organic acids, low 2ases content and high Al saturation generally reacted as an acidic to a ;ery acidic soil. Instead, the soils ha;e $ro$erties o$$osite to those a2o;e generally reacted neutral. 7he a;erage ;alue of $H H2) and $H CGl are 4.3-&., and 4. -4.< res$ecti;ely which indicated that the soil is generally classified as ;ery acid to acid. 7he ;alue of $H and G3G data was connected each other. 7his is also an indication that the oAidation of 6e and Al-free on these lands is rather high "7a2le 2%. In the B9IS soils, coarse sand and fine sand ratios .ay $lay an i.$ortant role for $resent indices of $arent .aterial ho.ogeneity. It see.s that all soil $rofiles are de;elo$ed fro. ho.ogenous $arent .aterials. 7he $rofile shows a relati;ely ho.ogeneous content in all hori4ons. 7he indices of ho.ogeneity that are the fine to coarse sand ratios throughout the $rofile .ay show the uni0ue nu.2ers-that the soils were for.ed fro. the sa.e $arent .aterial. 7he ratio of silt to clay gi;es indices to weathering and soil de;elo$.ent. 7his is 2ased on the fact that the .ore weathered the soils are, the lower the silt contents. If the silt clay ratio is less than .,&, the soils are classified as highly weathered. All B9IS soils gi;e the figure of a2o;e .,& ",.',-,2.4&% that .eans the soils are relati;ely young.

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Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare ISSN 2224-32 ! "#a$er% ISSN 222&- '3( ")nline% *ol.4, No.+, 2 ,4

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7a2le 2. Fa2oratory analyses of B9IS to$soils " -,< c.% and its Assess.ents aB Fa2oratory analyses and its unit Baging 9hu 7a$ai 2B 9udua 2B "no s$odic% "K 4& c.% "I & c.% Bul> density >gBd.3 ,.3! ,.3 ,.2+ #ore D 4! 4+ 42 $H H2) ",=,% 4.+ "acid% &., "acid% 4.3";ery acid% $H CGl ",=,% 4.3 ";ery acid% 4.< "acid% 4. ";ery acid% G-organic D . ' ";ery low% .+! ";ery low% .!2 ";ery low% N-7otal D . , ";ery low% .3< ".iddle% . ' ";ery low% #-Bray I $$. .', ";ery low% , .4 "low% ,2.+! "low% Na-dd cB .eB, g . , ";ery low% . 3 ";ery low% . 2 ";ery low% C .eB, g . , ";ery low% . 2 ";ery low% . 2 ";ery low% Ga .eB, g . & ";ery low% ,.32 ";ery low% . 3 ";ery low% /g .eB, g .,, ";ery low% .4& "low% . 2 ";ery low% G3G dB .eB, g .'< ";ery low% 2.,2 ";ery low% ,.!, ";ery low% BSeB D <! ";ery high% !< ";ery high% +& ";ery high% 6e2)3 D .&& .2, ,.<2 7eAture class Sand Sand Sand Soil fractions Sand D '!.2, '<.& '&.&< Silt D ,.&4 2.3 4.,, Glay D .2& ,.2 .33 SiltBclay ratio <.,< ,.', ,2.4& H9fB .33 2ar, D &.22 &.4, <.& ,. 2ar, D 3.33 3.'2 4., ,& 2ar, D 2.<+ 2.+4 3. 3

Ja.2u 2B "I '! c.% ,.43 &3 &. "acid% 4. ";ery acid% .!3 ";ery low% .42 ".iddle% 2.4 ";ery low% . + ";ery low% . & ";ery low% 2.!< "low% .<& "low% 4.&2 ";ery low% +4 ";ery high% .<2 Sand '!.<4 ,. 4 .32 3.2& 4.& 3.'3 3. 3

3A$lanation = 2B with S$odic Hori4on, cB dd= 3Achangea2le, dB Gation 3Achange Ga$acity, eB Base Saturation, and fB Hater 9etention Source = aB 5ata fro. Fa2oratory Analyses "2 ,3% and Ar.anto et al 2 ,3 Soil $,aluation for sweet )otato #ulti,ation 7he .ost i.$ortant sweet $otato growing en;iron.ent is cli.ate, $hysical conditions and soil fertility. According to 5:aenudin et al, soil suita2ility for sweet $otato is classified into S, class "highly suita2le%, S2 "suita2le%, S3 ".arginally suita2le%, and N "not suita2le%. 7he li.iting factors for the de;elo$.ent of sweet $otato in /erang are eA$lained as follows= ,% Soil te.$erature "t% that includes inhi2iting factors, i.e. a;erage te.$erature, 2% Hater a;aila2ility "w% that includes inhi2iting factors, i.e. .onthly rainfall and soil hu.idity, 3% 9ooting .ediu. "r% that includes inhi2iting factors, na.ely soil drainage class, soil teAture, coarse .aterials and rooting de$th. 9ooting de$th is an indicator for effecti;ely shallow de$th of soils, es$ecially in areas with high sand content and fast drainage, 4% Holding ca$acity of soil nutrients "n%, which include inhi2iting factor, i.e. Gation 3Achange Ga$acity "G3G%, Base Saturation "BS%, soil $H, and organic G, &% #oisoning "A%, which include inhi2iting factor, na.ely salinity and sulfidic .aterials "s$odic hori4ons%, <% 3rosion and a2rasion ha4ard "e% that includes inhi2iting factors, i.e. slo$e and erosion and a2rasion ha4ard. 7he .arginally suita2le .eans it needs .ore in$ut to .a>e the soils 2eco.e suita2le for the growth and de;elo$.ent of sweet $otato. 7o soil class of N "not suita2le%, then the constraints are $er.anent and ;ery difficult to 2e reclai.ed or re0uire a ;ery high cost. Based on the character of 2oth $hysical and che.ical $ro$erties, the research location does not ha;e soils that 2elong to not suita2le N "7a2le 2%. Al.ost all areas are classified as .arginally suita2le for sweet $otato due to so.e 2io$hysical and che.ical soil $ro$erties and cli.ate constraints. Howe;er, fro. the facts on the ground and regional de;elo$.ent issues that sweet $otato is li>ely to 2e de;elo$ed. 7a2le 4 su..ari4ed so.e efforts to i.$ro;e the soil ca$a2ility for sweet $otato and also states clearly that sweet $otato can 2e i.$ro;ed to suita2le "S2% for the soils if organic .aterial, li.e and fertili4er # are gi;en. Soil suita2ility for sweet $otato is found on flat land until the slo$e " -, D%. 6or a .ore slo$ing land "I , D% it is needed a si.$le conser;ation efforts, such as indi;idual terrace to antici$ate soil erosion.

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Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare ISSN 2224-32 ! "#a$er% ISSN 222&- '3( ")nline% *ol.4, No.+, 2 ,4

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7a2le 3. Agrono.ic re0uire.ent of sweet $otato for o$ti.al growth Fand characteristic 6ield ;alue, Sweat $otato2 7e.$erature"c% /ean te.$erature 2!-42 3&.&M .'&,23-3 " c% Hater a;aila2ility "wa% 2& -3& +! -,2 , M3 9ainfall "..Byear% Nu.2er of dry ' days .onths )Aygen a;aila2ility So.ewhat eA.B "oa% eAcessi;e Hell drained 5rainage 9ooting condition "rc% Sandy soil "M& D% 7eAture Sandy soil '.'&D% Sandy clay loa. 9ough .aterial "D% /inor roots Soil de$th "c.% I& NN I+&D "o$ti.u.% Nutrient retention "nr% Glay G3G "c.olB>g% -&"Kin .ost area% Nutrient deficiency 3+-!&"K4 in K,& ";ery low% s$odic% Base saturation "D% Not suita2le under acidic $ H H2 4. -&.4 "acidic% condition )rganic G"D% .+-2 K, and 3.! "s$odic hori4on% 7oAicity "Al% 6lood har4ard "fh% Inundation Not a;aila2le , Below $H&.& -

)g2onnaya et al, ,''+,crane ,'4+ Banuelos et al 2 al,''3 2, ching et

)g2onnaya et al, ,''+

Goo> and S.art ,''& /A95I 2 , A2u Ba>ar ,'!&, Fi. ,'!'

/A95I 2 , A2u Ba>ar ,'!& 5)A Ar.anto et al 2 ,3

Note= 7he stated data re$resent= ,, 6ield ;alue,= the field data fro. the study area= 2, sweet $otato $ara.eter2= the data fro. other studies. Source= fro. field studies, Ar.anto et al and -s.an et al 7a2le 4. Fi.itation for sweet #otato Gro$ Suita2ility Soil Gritaria *alues of Bris soil in the coastal $lain Slo$e 5rainage 3ffecti;e soil de$th 7eAture and Structure Salinity 5e$th of acid sulfate layer #eat thic>ness Stoniness Nutrition i.2alance -3 "I<-,2 slo$e% so.ewhat highly drained eAcessi;ely drain & 8 ,& NN c. Goarse teAture and wea>ly "A hori4on% and ce.ented s$odic B hori4on n.d n.d n.d No stoniness /oderate to serious Baging, rudua 9hu ta$ai Baging Ja.2u,rudua 9huta$ai,rudua 2agin,:a.2u 9udua 9hu ta$ai,2agi Baging Ja.2u, 9udua 2aging, 9hu ta$ai

Gro$ Suita2ility Sweet #otato S S

S /Bn -Bd n-nutrient

Note= SO Suita2le. -O -nsuita2le. /O .arginally suita2le "need so.e a.eliorants% and tO teAture, i.2alance and d-drainage.

#onclusion Hith regards to the results and discussion, the result of this study shows that= ,% B9IS soil series are occurring side 2y side which relate the coeAistence of 2each terraces running $arallel in different ele;ation to the seashore lines and the .ain B9IS soil series are Baging, 9hu 7a$ai, 9udua and Ja.2u.

,!

Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare ISSN 2224-32 ! "#a$er% ISSN 222&- '3( ")nline% *ol.4, No.+, 2 ,4

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2% Soil fertility status of soil series are classified as ;ery low to low, eAce$t Base Saturation 2ecause the soils are strongly influenced 2y sea .o;e.ent. 3% 7he nutritional soil suita2ility for Baging and 9hu 7a$ai where .ostly /Bn-Bd, with S- at the slo$e for 9udua, and Ja.2u are .ostly S with no trace of so.e soil criteria. 4% Howe;er the needed efforts re0uired i.$ro;ing soil ca$a2ility fro. actual to $otential soil suita2ility for sweet $otato culti;ation can 2e seen in the agrono.ic re0uire.ent ta2le a2o;e. Hence, co;er the soils with .ulch, .a>e s$rin>le irrigation, .a>e da. for water holding and retention, gi;e and .aintain organic .atters in the soils and do not 2urn 2io.ass, fertili4e soils with N#C and organic fertili4ers, do wash ele.ents of Na and H and 2rea> down shallow s$odic hori4ons, .a>e terraces and .iA .ineral su2soils to B9IS soil to i.$ro;e G3G. A#KN /&$!'M$NTS 7he authors wished to ac>nowledge the su$$orts $ro;ided 2y -ni;ersiti /alaysia 7erengganu, /alaysia, 9a.at #olytechnic /aiduguri, Nigeria and Sriwi:aya -ni;ersity, Indonesia for gi;ing $er.ission to $u2lish this $a$er. R$.$R$N#$ A2u Ba>ar, ). ,'!&. A co.$arison of selected 3ntisols and S$odosols occurring in $eninsular /alaysia and $eninsular florida "#h5 thesis%. -ni;ersity of florida, -SA.2 4 $$. Ar.anto, /.3., /.A. Ad4e.i, 3. Hildayana and -s.an /. Isha0. Goastal Sand Soils and their Assess.ent for -$land 9ice Gulti;ation in 7erengganu, /alaysia. #roceedings of 2 ,3 International Se.inar on Gli.ate Ghange and 6ood Security 2 ,3. 24-2&)cto2er 2 ,3. ISBN '+!-,-!4<2<-AAA-A Ar.anto, /.3., /.A. Ad4e.i, 3. Hildayana and /.S. I.anudin. Fand 3;aluation for #addy Gulti;ation in the 9eclai.ed 7idal Fowland in 5elta Saleh, South Su.atra, Indonesia. Journal of Sustaina2ility Science and /anage.ent. 2 ,3. *ol !",%= 32-42. June 2 ,3. ISSN ,!23-!&&<. Banuelos, P.S., 5.9. Bryla and G.P. Goo>. 2 2. *egetati;e $roduction of >enaf and canola under irrigation in central Galifornia. Industrial Gro$s and #roducts.,&= 23+-24&. Blu.e, H.#., C. Stahr and #. Feinwe2er. 2 ,,. Boden>undliches #ra>ti>u.= 3ine 3infQhrung in $edologisches Ar2eiten fQr R>ologen, ins2esondere Soil- und 6orstwirte, und fQr Peowissenschaftler. 3. neu2ear2eitete Auflage. S$ringer *erlag, Per.any. Goo>, G.P., J.F. 9iggs, J.9. S.art and B.A. /ullin-Schading. ,''&. 3;aluation of siA >enaf culti;ars for resistance to #hy.atotrichu. o.ni;oru.. Industrial Gro$s and #roducts. 4= 22'-232 5e$art.ent of Agriculture "5)A%. 2 , . /INIS79S )6 Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry, #utra:aya, /alaysia. 5:aenudin, 5., H. /arwan, H. Su2agyo dan A. Hidayat. #etun:u> 7e>nis 3;aluasi Fahan untu> Co.oditas #ertanian. Balai Besar Fit2ang Su.2erdaya Fahan #ertanian, 2 ,,. Badan Fit2ang #ertanian, Bogor. 3< /alaysia Agriculture 9esearch 5e;elo$.ent Instite "/A95I%.Gara-Gara /enana. Cenaf -ntu> #engeluaran Serat dan Bio.assa. Selangor, /alaysia "/alay Fanguage% htt$=BBwww..ardi.go;..y )g2onnaya, G.I., H. 9oy-/acauley, /.G. Nwalo4ie and 5.J./. Annerose. ,''+.#hysical and histoche.ical $ro$erties of >enaf "Hi2iscus canna2inus F.% grown under water deficit on a soil. Industrial Gro$s and #roducts. +='-,!. National 7o2acco Board "N7B%, 2 '. In= Beng>el J7G "-#/-F7N% #enyelidi>an Cenaf- te.2a>au -#/Ce-2. ,& A$ril 2 '. -ni;ersiti #utra /alaysia, Serdang, /alaysia. 9itung, S., Hahyunto, 6. Agus, and H. Hidayat. 2 +. Puidelines of Fand Suita2ility 3;aluation. Hith a Gase /a$ of Aceh Barat 5istrict. Indonesian Soil 9esearch Institute and Horld Agroforestry Gentre, Bogor. -s.an /. Isha0, H./. 3di Ar.anto and Ad4e.i 2in /at Arshad. #erfor.ances of B9IS Soils Penesis and Glassification in 7erengganu, /alaysia. Journal of 2iology, agriculture and healthcare.ISSN2224-23 ! "$a$er%ISSN 222&- '3( "online% *ol.3, No.2 , 2 ,3.

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