Cen-Tc-125-N 1037-2012

CEN/TC 125
N 1037
CEN/TC 125
CEN/TC 125 - Masonry
Email of secretary: magda.dicarlo@bsigroup.com
Secretariat: BSI (United Kingdom)
N1037 CEN TR Evaluation of conformity for masonry units

Document type:
Other meeting document
Date of document:
2012-03-01
Expected action:
MEET
Background:
Document N 1037 - to consider the proposal to activate the preliminary work item and to decide on
the progress of the document.
Committee URL:
http://cen.iso.org/livelink/livelink/open/centc125
CEN/TC 125 N 1037

Date: 2012-02
WI 00125157 Pr CEN TR XXX: 2012

CEN/TC 125
Secretariat: BSI
Specifications for masonry units Evaluation of conformity for masonry

units according to EN 771 series
Einfhrendes Element Haupt-Element Ergnzendes Element
lment introductif lment central lment complmentaire
ICS:
Descriptors:
Document type: Technical Report

Document subtype:
Document stage: Working Document
Document language: E
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prCEN/TR XXX:2012 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................3
1
Scope ......................................................................................................................................................4
Symbols ..................................................................................................................................................4
Reference list .........................................................................................................................................5
General ....................................................................................................................................................5
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.6.1
5.6.2
5.6.3
5.6.4
5.6.5
5.6.6
5.6.7
5.6.8
5.6.9
5.6.10
5.6.11
5.6.12
Factory production control ...................................................................................................................6

General ....................................................................................................................................................6
Testing and measuring equipment ......................................................................................................7
Production equipment ...........................................................................................................................7
Raw materials .........................................................................................................................................7
Production process ...............................................................................................................................8
Finished product testing .......................................................................................................................9
Inspection lot ....................................................................................................................................... 10
Spot sampling and sample sizes ...................................................................................................... 10
Production types................................................................................................................................. 11
Method A: Batch control .................................................................................................................... 12
Method B:Rolling inspection ......................................................................................................... 13
Evaluation of test results ................................................................................................................... 15
How to come from unknown to known standard deviation? ......................................................... 19
Conformity ........................................................................................................................................... 19
A simple and conservative approach ............................................................................................... 25
Non-conforming products ................................................................................................................. 25
Guidance .............................................................................................................................................. 26
Records ................................................................................................................................................ 28
Initial type tests ................................................................................................................................... 28
Annex A (informative) Tables for acceptance coefficient kn depending on the used fractile p and
confidence level (taken from ISO 16269-6 (2005)) ............................................................................ 30
Annex B (informative) Examples of statistical evaluation ................................................................................ 47
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 75
Foreword
This document (prCEN/TR XXX:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 125 Masonry,
the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is a working document.
The initial draft of this document was prepared by the joint working group CEN/TC 125/TG 5 and the Sector
Group 10 of Notified Bodies for the Construction Products Directive. The CEN/TR gives a tool available for
manufacturers and Notified Bodies.
It is laid down in the hENs that the manufacturer shall demonstrate compliance for his product with the
requirements of the harmonised standards EN 771-1 to EN 771-6.
The purpose of this guidance document is to put statistical evaluation into practice. It can be used for the
evaluation of different properties at the different stages of the FPC with the aim to minimise testing costs for
the manufacturer and to ensure that the requirements are fulfilled. Detailed examples are given in the
Annexes.
Scope
This document contains guidance for manufacturers and Notified Bodies (NBs) involved in the evaluation of
conformity of FPC of masonry units according to EN 771-1 to EN 771-6.
In the masonry unit standards and in national legislation some properties are requested to be declared based
on a certain fractile and confidence level. To demonstrate compliance with that a statistical tool may be used.
The purpose of this guidance document is to exemplify how a statistical tool can be used in practice. This
document should not contradict nor extend the scope of the work and role of a NB, nor impose additional
burdens on the manufacturer, beyond those laid down in the CPD and EN 771-1 to EN 771-6.
Symbols
kn
is the acceptance coefficient
k1
is the acceptance coefficient one-sided tolerance interval
k2
is the acceptance coefficient two-sided tolerance interval
kc
is the corrected acceptance coefficient
kk
is the acceptance coefficient for known standard deviation
ku
is the acceptance coefficient for unknown standard deviation
is the number of test samples within the spot sample
xm
is the mean test result
xi
is the test result for test sample i
is the number of the individual test sample
xest
is the estimated test result of the spot sample
is the standard deviation of the test results
ss
is the standard deviation of the test results of a spot sample
is the known standard deviation
is the number of inspection lots
10,dry,unit is the thermal conductivity of the unit

p
is the fractile
is the confidence level
Reference list
EN 771-1:2011
Specification for masonry units Part 1: Clay masonry units
EN 771-2:2011
Specification for masonry units Part 2: Calcium silicate masonry units
EN 771-3:2011
Specification for masonry units Part 3: Aggregate concrete masonry units (Dense
and lightweight aggregates)
EN 771-4:2011
Specification for masonry units Part 4: Autoclaved aerated concrete masonry

units
EN 771-5:2011
Specification for masonry units Part 5: Manufactured stone masonry units
EN 771-6:2011
Specification for masonry units Part 6: Natural stone masonry units
EN 1990:2002/A1:2005
Eurocode - Basis of structural design
EN 1996-1-1:2005
Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures - Part 1-1: General rules for reinforced
and unreinforced masonry structures
EN 1996-1-2:2005
Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures - Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire
design
EN 1996-2:2006
Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures - Part 2: Design considerations,

selection of materials and execution of masonry
EN 1996-3:2006
Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures - Part 3: Simplified calculation methods

for unreinforced masonry structures
General
It is specified in the EN 771 series that the manufacturer shall demonstrate compliance for his product with the
requirements of the relevant European Standard and with the declared values for the product properties by
carrying out both:
initial type testing of the product (ITT)
factory production control (FPC).
If the manufacturer intends to declare that the units are Category I units, then the units have to fulfil the
definition of Category I units which isUnits with a declared compressive strength with a probability of failure to
reach it not exceeding 5 %, which means that the manufacturer is declaring that the customer can be 95 %
confident that the delivered units fulfilled the declared compressive strength. To be able to demonstrate this it
is necessary for the manufacturer to operate a FPC that includes a statistical evaluation.
The confidence level for a property has to be fixed depending on how important the property is in a building.
The higher the confidence level is the lower is the risk that the product does not fulfil the declared values.
When dealing with the safety of a building it is necessary to presuppose a minimum confidence level fulfilled
by the used products, otherwise the partial safety factors cannot be fixed.
It is not possible to operate with a 100 % confidence level for a property to be tested by a destructive test, and
for properties tested by a non-destructive test it will be too expensive to operate with a 100 % confidence
level. A confidence level of 95 % is very high and considered more acceptable.
Confidence levels other than 95 % can be used, e.g. the safety system specified in the Eurocode, EN 1990, to
which the Eurocode for masonry (EN 1996) refers for safety aspects, is based on the assumption that
declared values for the used product properties fulfil a confidence level of 75 %.
For characteristics, where a certain minimum confidence level is not fixed in a technical specification or in a
contract to be fulfilled, the manufacturer is free to fix the confidence level he will operate with, and the higher
the chosen level is, the lower is the risk that the manufacturer is running that the delivered products do not
fulfil the declared values. The risk the manufacturer is running is fixed by a combination of the actual variation
in test results over time, the frequencies of checking and testing, the way the FPC system is developed and
how close the declared value is to the tested values.
In the product standard the conformity criteria are related to a consignment, that is a delivery to a building
site. The product standard defines a declared value as a value that the manufacturer is confident in achieving,
bearing in mind the precision of test and the variability of the production process, and when the declared
values are accompanying the product to the building site, they are valid for the delivered consignment. Since it
is impractical to test each consignment the manufacturer has to plan the FPC system in such a way that the
effect of the variations of product characteristics during the production is taken into account when declaring
the characteristics for the consignment. In some production processes products are naturally separated into
batches and a consignment is quite often only a part of a batch. If a production is based on a continuous flow
a consignment is only a part of the continuous production.
Factory production control
5.1 General
The factory production control (FPC) system may be developed in such a way that the checking procedures
are:
mainly related to the process only (full process control and consequently only a small amount of
finished product testing),
or
mainly related to the finished products only (and consequently limited process control)
or
any combination of both.
It may even be so that the amount of process control and finished product testing varies depending on the
property to be assessed. If the test for the property is low cost, e.g. test of dimensions, and if the property is
less important in relation to the end use then it may be the right solution to use finished product testing. But if
the testing of the property is expensive, e.g. frost resistance tests, then the solution may be to base the
assessment on process control using proxy tests.
In some companies responsibility for the production is placed only on one person, and if this person is not
available, the responsibility for taking decisions is unclear. This can result in unnecessary and costly stops of
the production or the manufacture of non-conforming products. It should be in the interest of the manufacturer
to avoid this by establishing the responsibility, authority and interrelation of all personnel who manage,
perform and verify the work affecting the quality of masonry unit products and the evaluation of conformity.
The procedures to be followed when controlling the production are of course of great importance as the quality
of the products is directly linked to that. It should be in the interest of the manufacturer to obtain the best
quality of the products and therefore to have an interest in clear procedures. The best way of achieving this is
to have them in a written form. Procedures for what to do, when control and check parameters during the
production are not obtained or fulfilled, are of the same or may be of greater importance. Therefore the need
for having them in a written form is crucial.
The manufacturer may define product groups. A product group consists of products from one manufacturer
having common values for one or more characteristics. That means that the products belonging to a product
group may differ according to the characteristics in question. If a product group is defined, then the FPC
system shall ensure that all types of units within a group are controlled and over time also in the finished
product testing, if that is part of the FPC.
Depending on the way the FPC system is developed (process control only, finished product testing only or a
combination of both) a selection of these may be considered.
5.2 Testing and measuring equipment

The accuracy of the testing or measuring equipment used in the control procedures are to be in accordance
with the test standard. If it is not defined there, then a rule of thumb can be 1/5 1/10 times of the accuracy
of the value to be declared. Testing or measuring data are not helpful in itself, unless you know that the data
are accurate. It should be in the interest of the manufacturer to know that testing and measuring data are
reliable. To obtain that, all relevant weighing, measuring and testing equipment that have an influence on the
declared values, need to be verified and regularly inspected.
A verification of testing and measuring equipment needs only to be done in the measuring area used. If the
length of a unit is 300 mm, then the measuring area for the length is approximately 290 310 mm and can be
verified using a fixed measuring length, e.g. iron prism, iron block or iron bar with a length of 300 mm.
Weighing equipment can be verified by the manufacturer using fixed weights covering the weighing area used.
5.3 Production equipment

Most production equipment contains moving parts, which need adjustment from time to time. During
production wear and tear can also happen. For that reason, it is recommended that all parts of production
equipment that have an influence on the declared values are to be controlled and regularly inspected.
5.4 Raw materials

The product properties depend on the constituents used and variations in their quality. To eliminate this
influence as much as possible the manufacturer has to define his own acceptance criteria of raw materials
and the procedures with which to operate to ensure that these are met. This is independent of the way the
constituents are received in the factory bought from a supplier or delivered from the manufacturers own
sources. If the constituents or some of them are bought from a supplier, the manufacturer is advised to be
sure that the control system for the constituents carried out by the supplier is sufficient. Normally it is
acceptable if the control system of the supplier is supervised by a third party, and then the manufacturer has
only to check the delivery notes and make a visual inspection to ensure that the delivery is in line with the
order. If the raw materials are delivered from the manufacturers own sources, for example the manufacturers
own clay pit, then a procedure to check, if the grain size distribution of the clay is kept constant, could be to
measure regularly the amount of clay in a test sample passing a 90 m test sieve. An example of control data
is given in Figure 1 along with the acceptance criteria fixed by the manufacturer, the upper limit (UL) and lower
limit (LL).
Figure 1 Example of variation in the amount of clay particles passing a 90 m test sieve
5.5 Production process

The production process and the controlling of production are of great importance for the properties of the
products and variation in the properties. It should be in the interest of the manufacturer to obtain the best
quality of the products and therefore to want to have the best handling of the production. The best way of
achieving this is to identify relevant measuring and check parameters in the process, and then to fix for each
parameter requirements to be fulfilled or limits (upper and lower limits, UL and LL) between which the
parameter is allowed to vary. These limits and the frequency of measuring or checking the parameter have to
be based on the manufacturers experience and on the importance and the variation of the parameter. The
manufacturer should also specify what should be done, when control and check parameters during the
production are not fulfilling the requirement or passing the limit value.
In the following example, Figure 2, the length of the green clay masonry units is measured to control the wear
and tear of the mould in which the units are produced. In the following part of the production process the units
will shrink 0,1 mm, and the intension is to declare a length of 228,5 mm and a tolerance of 0,5 mm. Both
aspects need to be taken into account when fixing the control limits. The reason for the dramatic drop is a
renewal of the mould. The renewal of the mould should have taken place at spot sample 11 as it was leading
to a situation where all units in the inspection lot produced between spot sample 11 and 12 did not conform to
the fixed upper limit.
Figure 2 Example of variation in the length of green clay masonry units over time
It is possible to operate with two sets of control limits, a narrow and a wider range. If the parameter is passing
the control limit of the narrow range, it can be looked upon as a warning, and a small correction of the process
may be made, but when the parameter passes the control limit for the wider range, a more radical correction
of the process will be needed.
5.6 Finished product testing

When testing the finished product, it is possible to use alternative test methods if a correlation can be
established between the alternative test method and the reference test method.
It is also important to notice that a test result of a spot sample (see clause 5.6.2) is representing an inspection
lot (see clause 5.6.1). If an evaluated test result is not conforming, the whole production since the last test has
to be looked upon as non-conforming. For that reason it can be recommended, that for properties where the
reference test is time consuming and may be costly, alternative tests or proxy tests that are less time
consuming and costly are used. By doing so the time span between the tests can be shortened and the
amount of products covered by a non-conforming test result will be less and thereby reduce the
manufacturers risk.
The amount of products produced between 2 tests is an inspection lot. The frequency of testing can vary from
one property to another and thereby the inspection lot can vary from one property to another.
5.6.1
Inspection lot
The production is divided into inspection lots.

An inspection lot must consist of units produced under uniform conditions:
same raw materials

same dimensions
same production process
If a certain characteristic is the same for multiple units, where the dimension has no influence, these units can
belong to the same product family.
That means that an inspection lot for the characteristic in question can only consist of products belonging to
the same product group.
The manufacturer decides on the size of the inspection lot from:
raw material mixing lots or

number/volume of units or
number of production days
Independent of the way the size of the inspection lot has been decided, it must be possible to draw a
representative spot sample.
5.6.2
Spot sampling and sample sizes
When the inspection lot has been decided, the sampling procedure for a spot sample has to be fixed in such a
way that the spot sample is representative for the inspection lot.
Figure 3 An example of representative sampling

In the European Product Standard sampling procedures for stacks and banded packs are given. It is also
possible to sample from the conveyer belt or in the case of fired units after the kiln.
The number of units in the spot sample is decided by the manufacturer. If somewhere a minimum number of
units has been fixed then this must be accepted.
By deciding on the size of the inspection lot the manufacturer is fixing the frequencies of tests to be done. The
10
size of the inspection lot should be decided based on:
how close the declared value is to the test value

the deviation of the test values
how much process control is going on
These decisions allow the manufacturer to manage his own risks.

In the following Figure 4 the variation over time for the mean compressive strength is given.
Figure 4 Example of variation in mean compressive strength over time

On the basis of the test results from testing the spot sample it has to be decided whether the inspection lot is
accepted or not, see clause 5.6.8. In this respect the test results can be dealt with separately or treated
together with the previous results. It depends on the type of production (batch production or series
production).
5.6.3
Production types
A production, which is naturally separated into batches, is named a batch production. In the case of the
batch production the properties of the units may change batch by batch. A batch is normally looked upon as a
separate inspection lot. If the process control minimises the changes from one batch to another, an inspection
lot can cover more than one batch.
11
A production, which is based on a continuous flow, is named a series production. In the case of series
production the properties of the units are the same within a series. A series production contains normally more
than one inspection lot.
5.6.4
Method A: Batch control
When a batch production is in operation, then the FPC system needs to be based on a batch control, which
means, that each batch is controlled separately.
In clause 5.6.6 when dealing with the evaluation of test results the acceptance coefficient kn is given in Tables
1 and 2. These tables show that there is a great difference in using kn for 3 or for 6 test results and for that
reason it is recommended to operate with spot sample sizes of at least 6 units.
12
Figure 5 Example of Method A: Each inspection lot is evaluated individually
5.6.5
Method B:Rolling inspection
In a series production there are a series of inspection lots, which should not exceed a total number of 5. In the
following 4 are used.
Figure 6 Example with 4 inspection lots in a series

st
nd
For the 1 inspection lot a spot sample size of 3 is taken and tested. For the 2 inspection lot 3 new samples
st
are taken and tested and evaluated together with the ones from the 1 inspection lot and therefore the spot
rd
sample size will be 6. For the 3 inspection lot 3 new samples are taken and tested and evaluated together
st
nd
th
with the ones from the 1 and the 2 inspection lot and therefore the spot sample size will be 9. For the 4
st
nd
inspection lot 3 new samples are taken and tested and evaluated together with the ones from the 1 , 2 and
rd
th
3 inspection lot and therefore the spot sample size will be 12. For the 5 inspection lot 3 new samples are
13
nd
rd
th
taken and tested and evaluated together with the ones from the 2 , 3 and 4 inspection lot and therefore the
spot sample size will be 12. The described rolling system will continue for the following inspection lots. The
rolling system is illustrated in the following Figure. In clause 5.6.6 when dealing with the evaluation of test
results the acceptance coefficient kn is given in Tables 1 and 2. These tables show that there is a great
difference for 6 and for 12 test results, and the number of tests to be done is half compared to the batch
control when the size of the inspection lot is the same. Another possibility is to half the size of the inspection
lot and therefore to reduce the number of units covered by non-conformity, if that occurs.
Figure 7 Example of Method B,Rolling inspection: series of 4 inspection lots
st
th
Another possibility is the so-called progressive sampling procedure. For each of the 1 to 5 inspection lots
th
a spot size of one sample is taken and tested. These lots are evaluated together. For the 6 and following
inspection lots 1 additional sample is taken and tested and evaluated together with the ones from the previous
inspection lots. The spot size is gradually increased from 5 to 15 samples.
From then on, 1 additional sample is taken from each next inspection lot but the spot sample is limited to the
last 15 samples. The spot sample size continues to be 15.
14
Figure 8 Example of Method B, Rolling inspection Progressive sampling: series of 15

inspection lots
5.6.6
Evaluation of test results
Where and when possible and applicable, the results of checks and testing shall be interpreted by means of
statistical techniques, by attributes or by variables to verify the product characteristics and to determine if the
production conforms to the compliance criteria and the products conform to the declared values. One method
of satisfying this conformity criterion is to use the approach given in ISO 12491. This approach is shown in
detail in this section.
When using the test results of a spot sample with a limited number of samples to estimate the characteristics
of the production there are some uncertainties. The deviation within the test results is one uncertainty and,
how representative the spot sample is for the production, is another uncertainty. The first uncertainty is dealt
with in the evaluation by taking into account the standard deviation s of the test results of the spot sample.
The second uncertainty is dealt with by using an acceptance coefficient kn. The acceptance coefficient kn can
be regarded as a factor minimising the statistic uncertainties from spot sampling. kn is dependent on several
factors:
15
The number of samples in the inspection lot n

The confidence level
The fractile p *)
The standard deviation is unknown. The symbol used is ku
The standard deviation is known. The symbol used is kk
One-sided limit evaluation. The symbol used is k1
Two-sided limit evaluation. The symbol used is k2
*) Be aware that a 5 % characteristic value corresponds with a fractile p = 95 and a 95 % characteristic value
corresponds also with a fractile p = 95. 50 % characteristic value corresponds with a fractile p = 50.
When evaluating the test results from a spot sample, then use the following procedure:
Calculate the mean value of the test results using the following equation:
n
1
xm
n
where
xm
xi
n
i
i 1
(1)

Calculate the standard deviation ss for the test results of the spot sample using the following equation:
n
x
s
xm
i 1
where
(2)
n 1
s
n
i
xi
xm
is the standard deviation for the test results

If the standard deviation is unknown and if the test results have to be compared with a lower limit value then
calculate the estimated test result xest using the following equation:
xest = xm k1,u ss
(3)
If the standard deviation is unknown and if the test results have to be compared with an upper limit value then
xest = xm + k1,u ss
(4)
If the standard deviation is unknown and if the test results have to be compared with a two-sided limit value
then calculate the estimated test result xest using the following equation:
xest = xm k2,u ss
(5)
If the standard deviation is known and if the test results have to be compared with a lower limit value then
16
xest = xm k1,k
(6)
If the standard deviation is known and if the test results have to be compared with an upper limit value then
xest = xm + k1,k
(7)
If the standard deviation is known and if the test results have to be compared with a two-sided upper limit
value then calculate the estimated test result xest using the following equation:
xest = xm k2,k
(8)
where
xest is the estimated test result of the spot sample
xm is the mean test result
k1,u is the acceptance coefficient for unknown standard deviation and one-sided limit evaluation to be
taken from Table 1 or 2 or relevant tables in Annex A
k2,u is the acceptance coefficient for unknown standard deviation and two-sided limit evaluation to be
taken from relevant tables in Annex A
ss
is the standard deviation for the test results of the spot sample
k1,k is the acceptance coefficient for known standard deviation and one-sided limit evaluation to be
taken from Table 1 or 2 or relevant tables in Annex A
k2,k is the acceptance coefficient for known standard deviation and two-sided limit evaluation to be
taken from relevant tables in Annex A

is the known standard deviation
Table 1 kn for 50 % characteristic value (50 % fractile) and 95 % confidence level
Standard
deviation
n=3
10
11
12
14
15
Unknown
1,69
1,18
0,95
0,82
0,74
0,67
0,62
0,58
0,55
0,52
0,47
0,46
Known
0,95
0,82
0,74
0,67
0,62
0,58
0,55
0,52
0,50
0,48
0,44
0,43
Table 2 kn for 5 % characteristic value (95 % fractile) and 95 % confidence level

Standard
deviation
n=3
10
11
12
14
15
Unknown
7,66
5,14
4,20
3,71
3,40
3,19
3,03
2,91
2,82
2,74
2,62
2,57
Known
2,60
2,47
2,38
2,32
2,27
2,23
2,19
2,17
2,14
2,12
2,09
2,07
More tables are given in Annex A.

The method of using the acceptance coefficient for known standard deviation kk is only valid when the
standard deviation ss of the spot sample corresponds to the following equation:
17
0,63 ss 1,37
(9)
If as part of the evaluation it turns out not to be the case, the manufacturer has to restart or he decides to
continue working with the unknown acceptance coefficient ku. This means that the inspection lots have to be
treated separately.
The effect of the size of the spot sample and the standard deviation of the test results of the sample on the
acceptance coefficient kn and the estimated compressive strength are shown in Table 3.
In the first example of Table 3 the spot sample representing an inspection lot consists of 6 units and the
results of the compressive strength are given on each unit. The mean value and the standard deviation are
calculated. From the table for kn for 50 % fractile and 95 % confidence level the acceptance coefficient kn for
unknown standard deviation and n = 6 are taken and the estimated compressive strength for the inspection lot
is calculated.
In the second example the spot sample size and the mean value are kept the same, but there is a greater
variation in the test results leading to a higher standard deviation, which again is leading to a lower estimated
compressive strength. A higher standard deviation is demonstrating less control compared to the first
example. When keeping the confidence level the estimated compressive strength for the inspection lot needs
to be lower.
In the third example the two previous spot samples are looked upon as one spot sample consisting of 12
units. The mean value and the standard deviation are calculated. From Table 1 the acceptance coefficient kn
for unknown standard deviation and n = 12 are taken and the estimated compressive strength for the lot is
calculated. By enlarging the number of units to be tested of the spot sample the estimated value is more
certain leading to a higher estimated compressive strength of the inspection lot compared to the second
example, where the mean value and the standard deviation are about the same.
Table 3 Example showing the effect of spot sample size and deviation
Spot
sample
size
18
Mean
value
Standard.
deviation
Coefficient
95 %,
unknown
kn
Estimated
comp.
strength
in MPa
In MPa
in MPa
20
1,3
0,82
19
20
3,2
0,82
17
12
20
3,0
0,52
18
As you see, when reducing the variation in the test results by operating a better process control the estimated
value for the tested property will be higher. The same will be achieved by increasing the number of units of the
spot sample.
5.6.7
How to come from unknown to known standard deviation?
Looking at the tables for kn, Tables 1 and 2, it is clear, that there is a considerable effect in going from an
unknown to known standard deviation. In control method A (clause 5.6.4) the standard deviation of the
population is considered to be unknown at least for the first 40 test samples and the acceptance coefficient ku
has to be taken from tables for unknown standard deviation. For the next 80 test samples the standard
deviation can be considered to be known, but the used acceptance coefficient is corrected (kc). The
acceptance coefficient for the known standard deviation kk is taken from tables for known standard deviation.
The corrected acceptance coefficient kc is calculated by a linear interpolation between the acceptance
coefficient ku and kk. The known standard deviation is calculated based on the first at least 40 test results.
In control method B (clause 5.6.5) the standard deviation of the population is considered to be unknown at
least for the first 20 test samples and the acceptance coefficient ku has to be taken from tables for unknown
standard deviation. For the next 40 test samples the standard deviation can be considered to be known, but
the used acceptance coefficient is corrected (kc) as above. The acceptance coefficient for the known standard
deviation kk is taken from tables for known standard deviation. The known standard deviation is calculated
based on the first at least 20 test results.
If progressive sampling is used the standard deviation of the population is considered to be unknown at least
for the first 30 test samples and the acceptance coefficient ku has to be taken from tables for unknown
standard deviation. For the next 30 test samples the standard deviation can be considered to be known, but
the used acceptance coefficient is corrected (kc) as above. The acceptance coefficient for the known standard
deviation kk is taken from tables for known standard deviation. The known standard deviation is calculated
based on the first at least 30 test results.
5.6.8
Conformity
After calculating xest by testing the inspection lots the result has to be compared with either the declared value
or a lower or upper limit depending on the property. For compressive strength it is the declared value or the
lower limit and for dimension it is the upper and lower declared value or the upper and lower limit. In Figure 8
the estimated mean compressive strength is based on 95 % confidence level for the different spot samples
using the calculations of the test data shown in Figure 4. In Figure 9 the estimated 5 % characteristic
compressive strength based on 95 % confidence level is shown using the same test data.
19
UL
LL
DV
Figure 9 Example of variation in the estimated mean compressive strength over time
20
Figure 10 Example of variation in the estimated 5 % characteristic compressive strength over time
In Figure 9 and 10 the estimated compressive strength is varying between the upper and lower limit and
therefore conforming to the fixed limit values. The declared value needs to be equal to or lower than the lower
limit value.
In Figure 11 the variation in the length of the units over time is given. The units are from the same production
as the ones checked as green units, see Figure 2.
21
Figure 11 Example of variation in the length of the finished units over time
As mentioned before the intention is to declare a length of 228,5 mm and a tolerance of 0,5 mm, which
means, that the upper and lower declared value is fixed by the tolerance. When the renewal of the mould did
not take place at the production spot sample 11, see Figure 2, then the length of the units of spot sample 13
does not comply with the declared value and the belonging tolerance.
A manufacturer of units with a shape shown in Figure 12 would like to declare the thermal conductivity,
10,dry,unit, of the unit.
22
Figure 12 Example of a shape of a masonry unit
By carrying out tests for masonry made of specific units it is possible for these units to establish a relationship
between the thermal conductivity, 10,dry,unit, and the gross dry density of the units as shown in Figure 13.
Figure 13 Example of a relationship between the gross dry density and the thermal conductivity of a
unit
23
By testing and controlling the gross dry density it is possible to declare the thermal conductivity, 10,dry,unit, of
the unit. The gross dry density is used as a proxy property for the thermal conductivity.
In Figure 14 the variation in the gross dry density over time is shown. The variation in the gross dry density is
coming from 2 contributions, variation in the shape and variation in the net dry density of the material. When a
dramatic drop occurs periodically the probable reason for the variation in the gross dry density is a renewal of
the mould and therefore the variation in the shape and not a variation in the net dry density.
Figure 14 Example of variation in the gross dry density of the units over time
If the variation in the gross dry density is as shown in Figure 15 the reason seems to be the variation in the
shape as well as the variation in the net dry density.
If the declared thermal conductivity value has to be a 50 % fractile with a confidence level of 50 % the test
results of the spot samples have to be evaluated, e.g. by the calculation procedures described in clause 5.6.6
using Table A1 or A5 in Annex A.
24
Figure 15 Example of variation in the gross dry density of the units over time
5.6.9
A simple and conservative approach
A simple and conservative approach can be to evaluate single test results of at least 1 year for a given
property and calculate the mean value and the standard deviation and fix then a band in which new test
results have to fit in. The upper band limit and lower band limit then can be 2 times of the standard deviation
away from the mean value. Then the declared value is recommended to be 0,4 times the standard deviation
away from the respective band limits. If non-conformity occurs the evaluation of at least the last year of single
test results including the non-conforming values shall be repeated and the band limit values adjusted
accordingly. The same shall happen for the declared value. The non-conforming inspection lot can be treated
as described in the next clause using control method A.
5.6.10 Non-conforming products
When an evaluation of the test results of the last spot sample is leading to non-conformity, e.g. as shown in
Figure 11, it is important to avoid that the whole inspection lot is mixed up with the other inspection lots. The
non-conforming inspection lot has to be treated separately. It may be reclassified by the manufacturer and
given different declared values. If it is not segregated the whole stock has to be treated as non-conforming.
For that reason a procedure for dealing with non-conforming products should be developed.
It should be in the interest of the manufacturer to avoid that the same non-conformity occurs again. When
25
non-conformity occurs, then it is important to try to identify the reason why, otherwise it is difficult to find out,
what to do to avoid that it occurs again. Testing can be part of the identification.
To ensure that the personnel managing the production knows what to do when check and measuring values
are passing the limit values, it is important to have the necessary instructions documented.
Non-conformities will normally result in higher frequencies than the ones used. The background for that is to
reduce the size of the next batch that might also not comply.
5.6.11 Guidance
How to use the different possibilities?

A manufacturer is producing units in two different ways:
Product 1 is a special unit produced very rarely and only in small quantities. The characteristics of the
product may vary from production to production.
Product 2 is one of the core units of the production site. It is produced in series of variable length
sometimes only 2 days of production but it is produced within short-time intervals.
For product 1 it will be obvious to use control method A (batch control). For product 2 both control
methods A and B can be used. For product 2 it is even possible to use control method A for some
properties and for some properties control method B. If using method B a re-declaration in connection
with a non-conformity is possible based on test results obtained by testing a new spot sample taken at
random from the inspection lot following control method A, but it is necessary to keep the test results
leading to the non-conformity in the method B control system when evaluating the next spot sample.
The following details may be used when planning the setup of the FPC system:
Control method A:
Verification of separate inspection lots.
Inspection lots are defined to be the full production series.
The minimum sample size of the spot sample is 6 units (n 6).
Level of confidence for compressive strength for Category I units is required to be 95 %. For net dry
density and dimension 75 % may be chosen. For gross dry density or net dry density used as a proxy
property to thermal conductivity a confidence level of 50 % or 90 % may be chosen.
If the spot sample size is 6 units, the acceptance constant kn for mean compressive strength at a 95
% confidence level is k1,u = 0,82 for unknown standard deviation and k1,k = 0,67 for known standard
deviation.
If the spot sample size is 6 units, the acceptance constant kn for 5 % characteristic compressive
strength at a 95 % confidence level is k1,u = 3,71 for unknown standard deviation and k1,k = 2,32 for
known standard deviation.
% confidence level (Category II units) is k1,u = 0,30 for unknown standard deviation and k1,k = 0,28 for
known standard deviation.
Control method B:
Verification of series of inspection lots.
Inspection lot can be defined to be the units produced within 1 production week / 5 days.
The minimum sample size of the spot sample is 3 units (n 3).
Size of series are 4 inspection lots (l = 4).
In case of n = 3, the sample size used for evaluation of each inspection lot is 12.
Level of confidence for compressive strength for Category I units is required to be 95 %. For net dry
density and dimension 75 % may be chosen. For gross dry density used as a proxy property to
26
thermal conductivity a confidence level of 50 % or 90 % may be chosen.

% confidence level is k1,u = 0,52 for unknown standard deviation and k1,k = 0,47 for known standard
deviation. If a sample size of a spot sample is raised to 6 units instead of 3 then the acceptance
constant kn for mean compressive strength is k1,u = 0,35 for unknown standard deviation and k1,k =
0,34 for known standard deviation.
If the spot sample size is 3 units, the acceptance constant kn for 5 % characteristic compressive
strength at a 95 % confidence level is k1,u = 2,74 for unknown standard deviation and k1,k = 2,12 for
known standard deviation. If a sample size of a spot sample is raised to 6 units instead of 3 then the
acceptance constant kn for mean compressive strength is k1,u = 2,31 for unknown standard deviation
and k1,k = 1,98 for known standard deviation.
% confidence level (Category II units) is k1,u = 0,20 for unknown standard deviation and k1,k = 0,19 for
known standard deviation. If a sample size of a spot sample is raised to 6 units instead of 3 then the
acceptance constant kn for mean compressive strength is k1,u = 0,14 for unknown standard deviation
and k1,k = 0,14 for known standard deviation.
What to do with an inspection lot where the evaluated test results for one or more properties are
leading to non-conformity?
Control method A:
Discard the inspection lot or
Sample a new and larger spot sample (e.g. 12 instead of 6), test the sample for the properties leading
to a non-conformity and evaluate the test results using a reduced acceptance constant (e.g. 0,52
instead of 0,82) according to the higher number of units in the test sample or
Change the declaration of the units based on ITT
Control method B:
Discard the inspection lot or
Sample a new larger spot sample (e.g. 6 instead of 3 units) using control method A and evaluate the
test results using a reduced acceptance constant, according to the number of the units in the test
sample and change eventually the declaration accordingly. *)
*) Always keep the results of the inspection lot within the system when evaluating the next inspection lot or
start from the very beginning.
When a non-conformity is identified in the finished product testing it is not possible to take any corrective
actions for the tested inspection lot. It can only be discarded or re-declared. The longer the production process
of the units lasts, the larger is the number of units produced before it is possible to correct the process,
leading again to a larger number of units to be discarded or re-declared. The example mentioned about
measurement of the length of the green units, see Figure 2, demonstrates that it is possible to detect a
problem (wear and tear of the mould) early in the process, which leads to a non-conformity of the finished
product in the process. Checking dimensions, weights and temperatures are quite simple, but done at the right
places in the process they will give a lot of information valid for the control of the process and the properties of
the finished products. It may even be possible to counteract a detected problem later on in the process.
Consideration should be given to identifying the most economical way to arrange the control by the right mix
of process control and finished product testing, and to consider also the possibility of using internal proxy tests
in the process control.
The manufacturer may define product groups. A product group consists of products from one manufacturer
having common values for one or more characteristics. That means that the products belonging to a product
group may differ according to the characteristics in question. If a product group is defined, then the FPC
system shall ensure that all types of units within a group are controlled and over time also by the finished
product testing, if this is part of the FPC.
For process control the evaluation procedure described in clause 5.6.6 may be used, when appropriate.
27
Traceability in the process

The clause deals with the traceability in the process from raw materials to finished products. It is not dealing
with the traceability on the market.
As mentioned earlier it should be in the interest of the manufacturer to avoid that the same non-conformity
occurring again. It is therefore important to try to identify the reason why, when it occurred, otherwise it is
difficult to find out, what to do to avoid it occurring again.
The better knowledge the manufacturer has about the variation in the raw materials, variation in the different
parts of the process and their influence on the variation in the properties of the finished product the better he
will be able to identify the reason for non-conformity. To be able to obtain that knowledge it can be
recommended that the manufacturer follows the same units all through the process from time to time if not on
every occasion and to evaluate all the checks and measurements together and to compare the results with
other similar evaluations done. Based on such an exercise it may be possible to establish traceability in the
process.
Marking and stock control of products
The more variations there are in the production in relation to the type of products and properties the higher is
the need for instructions dealing with the marking procedure and how to handle and to control the stock. It is
important that 2 types of units with the same shape but not the same properties are marked in such a way that
they will not be mixed up. Inspection lots of products should be identifiable and traceable.
5.6.12 Records
Many years of experience have shown that it can be dangerous to have only one person who knows all the
information required for the production of masonry units and how to control it. The more this information is in a
written form the more it is available for others, and at the same time it is easier to establish an overview in
writing. It can be recommended to describe step by step what needs to be done in the whole process from the
raw material to the finished product leaving the gate of the factory in order to be able to produce a high quality
product. This can include specifying the position of each check and observation points and control
procedures. It is really valuable for the machine operator to have information of corrective actions available
when control parameters are passing the control limits.
Experiences show also that on a busy day it is easy to forget important observations made during the
production control if these observations are not recorded. To make it easier to record observations it can be
recommended to use tables.
Samples are taken during the process and from finished products and these samples need to be
representative for the inspection lot. For that reason the sampling procedure is important and so should be
specified. When the frequency of testing is fixing the size of the inspection lot and thereby the manufacturers
risk the frequency should be carefully considered, decided and recorded. If test results and FPC system give
evidence of problems then the frequencies may be reconsidered and reduced compared to the ones used.
Initial type tests
It is important for a manufacturer to produce what is possible to sell and not to try to sell what is possible to
produce. A manufacturer would like to fulfil the market needs and therefore intends to develop and to produce
units with specific properties. To ensure that these properties are available it is necessary after completion of
the development of a new product type and before commencement of the manufacture and offering for sale,
that appropriate initial type tests had been carried out to confirm that the properties predicted from the
development meet the requirements of the product standard and the values to be declared for the unit.
If the manufacturer is trying to sell what is possible to produce and nothing else then the full finished product
28
test done as part of the control method A can act as an initial type test if the reference test methods are used
and the sampling procedure for ITT. In that respect the declared values, which may vary from batch to batch
have to be determined batch by batch and have to be based on an evaluation of the same test results (see
clause 5.6.6). It will not be possible to sell the units before the test results are available.
If in control method B non-conformity occurs and the inspection lot is re-declared following control method A
using the reference test methods and the sampling procedure for ITT, then the test can be regarded as an
initial type test.
Whenever a major change in the source, blend, or nature of raw materials occurs, or when there is a change
in processing conditions, leading to what the manufacturer considers will constitute a new product type being
produced, the appropriate initial type test shall be repeated. If the manufacturer has doubts it can be
recommended to check whether some of the characteristics have changed or not by using the FPC test
procedures.
The manufacturer may define product groups. The products belonging to a product group may differ according
to the characteristics in question.
In the ITT process a manufacturer may take into consideration already existing test results.
A manufacturer may use the ITT results obtained by someone else (e.g. another manufacturer or an
association) to justify his own declaration of conformity regarding a product that is manufactured according to
the same design and with raw materials, constituents and manufacturing methods of the same kind, provided
that permission is given, and the test is valid for both products.
29
Annex A
(informative)
Tables for acceptance coefficient kn depending on the used fractile p and
confidence level (taken from ISO 16269-6 (2005))
Table A.1 k1 for one-sided statistical tolerance, standard deviation: known

and confidence level = 50 %
fractile : p
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
30
0,50
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,75
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,90
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
fractile : p
n
0,95
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
0,50
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,75
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,675
0,90
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,282
0,95
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
1,645
48
49
50
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,675
0,675
0,675
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,645
1,645
1,645
97
98
99
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,675
0,675
0,675
1,282
1,282
1,282
1,645
1,645
1,645
100
0,000
0,675
1,282
1,645
31

fractile : p
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
32
0,50
0,477
0,390
0,388
0,302
0,276
0,255
0,239
0,225
0,214
0,204
0,195
0,188
0,181
0,175
0,169
0,164
0,159
0,155
0,151
0,148
0,144
0,141
0,138
0,136
0,133
0,131
0,128
0,126
0,124
0,122
0,120
0,119
0,117
0,115
0,113
0,112
0,110
0,109
0,107
0,106
0,105
0,103
0,102
0,101
0,100
0,099
0,098
0,097
0,096
0,75
1,152
1,064
1,012
0,977
0,950
0,930
0,913
0,900
0,888
0,878
0,870
0,862
0,855
0,849
0,844
0,839
0,834
0,830
0,826
0,823
0,819
0,816
0,813
0,810
0,807
0,805
0,802
0,800
0,798
0,796
0,794
0,793
0,791
0,789
0,788
0,786
0,785
0,783
0,782
0,781
0,780
0,778
0,777
0,776
0,775
0,774
0,772
0,771
0,770
0,90
1,759
0,671
0,619
1,584
1,557
1,537
1,521
1,507
1,495
1,485
1,477
1,469
1,462
1,456
1,451
1,446
1,441
1,437
1,433
1,430
1,426
1,423
1,420
1,417
1,414
1,412
1,410
1,408
1,405
1,403
1,401
1,400
1,398
1,396
1,395
1,393
1,392
1,390
1,389
1,388
1,387
1,385
1,384
1,383
1,382
1,381
1,379
1,378
1,377
fractile : p
n
0,95
2,122
2,035
1,983
1,947
1,921
1,900
1,884
1,870
1,859
1,849
1,840
1,832
1,826
1,820
1,814
1,809
1,804
1,800
1,796
1,793
1,789
1,786
1,783
1,781
1,778
1,776
1,773
1,771
1,768
1,766
1,764
1,763
1,761
1,759
1,758
1,756
1,755
1,753
1,752
1,751
1,750
1,748
1,747
1,746
1,745
1,744
1,743
1,742
1,741
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
0,50
0,095
0,094
0,094
0,093
0,092
0,091
0,090
0,090
0,089
0,088
0,087
0,087
0,086
0,085
0,085
0,084
0,083
0,082
0,082
0,081
0,081
0,080
0,080
0,079
0,079
0,078
0,078
0,077
0,077
0,076
0,076
0,075
0,075
0,074
0,074
0,074
0,073
0,073
0,072
0,072
0,072
0,071
0,071
0,070
0,070
0,070
0,069
0,069
0,068
0,75
0,769
0,768
0,768
0,767
0,766
0,765
0,764
0,764
0,763
0,762
0,761
0,761
0,760
0,760
0,759
0,758
0,758
0,757
0,757
0,756
0,755
0,755
0,754
0,754
0,753
0,752
0,752
0,751
0,751
0,75
0,750
0,749
0,749
0,748
0,748
0,748
0,747
0,747
0,746
0,746
0,746
0,745
0,745
0,744
0,744
0,744
0,743
0,743
0,742
0,90
1,376
1,375
1,375
1,374
1,373
1,372
1,371
1,371
1,370
1,369
1,368
1,368
1,367
1,367
1,366
1,365
1,365
1,364
1,364
1,363
1,362
1,362
1,361
1,361
1,360
1,359
1,359
1,358
1,358
1,357
1,357
1,356
1,356
1,355
1,355
1,355
1,354
1,354
1,353
1,353
1,353
1,352
1,352
1,352
1,352
1,351
1,351
1,351
1,350
0,95
1,740
1,739
1,738
1,737
1,737
1,736
1,735
1,734
1,733
1,732
1,731
1,731
1,730
1,730
1,729
1,728
1,728
1,727
1,727
1,726
1,726
1,725
1,725
1,724
1,724
1,723
1,723
1,722
1,722
1,721
1,721
1,720
1,720
1,719
1,719
1,718
1,718
1,717
1,717
1,716
1,716
1,715
1,715
1,715
1,715
1,714
1,714
1,714
1,713
100
0,068
0,742
1,35
1,713

fractile : p
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
0,50
0,907
0,740
0,641
0,574
0,524
0,485
0,454
0,428
0,406
0,387
0,370
0,356
0,343
0,331
0,321
0,311
0,303
0,295
0,287
0,281
0,274
0,268
0,262
0,257
0,252
0,248
0,243
0,239
0,234
0,231
0,227
0,224
0,220
0,217
0,214
0,211
0,209
0,206
0,203
0,201
0,199
0,196
0,194
0,192
0,190
0,188
0,186
0,184
0,182
0,75
1,581
1,415
1,316
1,248
1,198
1,159
1,128
1,102
1,080
1,061
1,045
1,030
1,017
1,006
0,995
0,986
0,977
0,969
0,962
0,955
0,948
0,943
0,937
0,932
0,926
0,922
0,917
0,913
0,909
0,906
0,902
0,899
0,895
0,892
0,889
0,886
0,884
0,881
0,878
0,876
0,873
0,871
0,868
0,866
0,864
0,862
0,860
0,858
0,856
0,90
2,188
2,022
1,923
1,855
1,805
1,766
1,735
1,709
1,687
1,668
1,652
1,637
1,625
1,613
1,602
1,593
1,584
1,576
1,569
1,562
1,555
1,550
1,544
1,539
1,533
1,529
1,524
1,520
1,516
1,513
1,509
1,506
1,502
1,499
1,496
1,493
1,491
1,488
1,485
1,483
1,480
1,478
1,475
1,473
1,471
1,469
1,467
1,465
1,463
fractile : p
n
0,95
2,552
2,385
2,286
2,218
2,169
2,130
2,098
2,073
2,051
2,032
2,015
2,001
1,998
1,976
1,966
1,956
1,947
1,939
1,932
1,926
1,919
1,913
1,907
1,902
1,897
1,893
1,888
1,884
1,879
1,876
1,872
1,869
1,865
1,862
1,859
1,856
1,854
1,851
1,848
1,846
1,843
1,841
1,838
1,836
1,834
1,832
1,831
1,829
1,827
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
0,50
0,180
0,179
0,177
0,176
0,174
0,172
0,171
0,169
0,168
0,166
0,165
0,164
0,162
0,161
0,160
0,159
0,158
0,156
0,155
0,154
0,153
0,152
0,151
0,150
0,149
0,148
0,147
0,146
0,145
0,144
0,143
0,142
0,142
0,141
0,140
0,139
0,138
0,138
0,137
0,136
0,135
0,135
0,134
0,133
0,133
0,132
0,131
0,130
0,130
0,75
0,854
0,853
0,851
0,850
0,848
0,846
0,845
0,843
0,842
0,840
0,839
0,838
0,836
0,835
0,834
0,833
0,832
0,830
0,829
0,828
0,827
0,826
0,825
0,824
0,823
0,822
0,821
0,820
0,819
0,818
0,817
0,816
0,816
0,815
0,814
0,813
0,812
0,812
0,811
0,810
0,809
0,809
0,808
0,807
0,807
0,806
0,805
0,804
0,804
0,90
1,461
1,460
1,458
1,457
1,455
1,453
1,452
1,450
1,449
1,447
1,446
1,445
1,443
1,442
1,441
1,440
1,439
1,437
1,436
1,435
1,434
1,433
1,432
1,431
1,430
1,429
1,428
1,427
1,426
1,425
1,424
1,423
1,423
1,422
1,421
1,420
1,419
1,419
1,418
1,417
1,416
1,416
1,415
1,414
1,414
1,413
1,412
1,411
1,411
0,95
1,825
1,824
1,822
1,821
1,819
1,817
1,816
1,814
1,813
1,811
1,810
1,809
1,807
1,806
1,805
1,804
1,803
1,801
1,800
1,799
1,798
1,797
1,796
1,795
1,794
1,793
1,792
1,791
1,790
1,789
1,788
1,787
1,786
1,785
1,785
1,784
1,783
1,782
1,781
1,780
1,779
1,779
1,778
1,778
1,777
1,776
1,776
1,775
1,775
100
0,129
0,803
1,410
1,774
33

fractile : p
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
34
0,50
1,164
0,950
0,823
0,736
0,672
0,622
0,582
0,549
0,521
0,496
0,475
0,457
0,440
0,425
0,412
0,399
0,388
0,378
0,368
0,360
0,351
0,344
0,336
0,330
0,323
0,317
0,311
0,306
0,301
0,297
0,292
0,288
0,283
0,279
0,275
0,272
0,268
0,265
0,261
0,258
0,255
0,252
0,249
0,246
0,243
0,241
0,238
0,236
0,233
0,75
0,838
0,625
1,497
1,411
1,346
1,297
1,257
1,223
1,195
1,171
1,150
1,131
1,115
1,100
1,086
1,074
1,063
1,052
1,043
1,035
1,026
1,019
1,011
1,005
0,998
0,992
0,986
0,981
0,975
0,971
0,966
0,962
0,957
0,953
0,949
0,946
0,942
0,939
0,935
0,932
0,929
0,926
0,923
0,920
0,918
0,915
0,913
0,910
0,908
0,90
2,445
2,232
2,104
2,018
1,954
1,904
1,864
1,830
1,802
1,778
1,757
1,738
1,722
1,707
1,693
1,691
1,670
1,659
1,650
1,642
1,633
1,626
1,618
1,612
1,605
1,599
1,593
1,588
1,582
1,578
1,573
1,569
1,564
1,560
1,556
1,553
1,549
1,546
1,542
1,539
1,536
1,533
1,530
1,527
1,525
1,522
1,520
1,517
1,515
fractile : p
n
0,95
2,828
2,595
2,468
2,381
2,317
2,267
2,227
2,194
2,166
2,141
2,120
2,102
2,085
2,070
2,057
2,044
2,033
2,023
2,013
2,005
1,996
1,989
1,981
1,975
1,968
1,962
1,956
1,951
1,946
1,941
1,937
1,932
1,928
1,923
1,919
1,916
1,912
1,909
1,905
1,902
1,899
1,897
1,894
1,891
1,888
1,886
1,883
1,881
1,878
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
0,50
0,231
0,229
0,227
0,225
0,223
0,221
0,219
0,217
0,215
0,213
0,211
0,210
0,208
0,207
0,205
0,203
0,202
0,200
0,199
0,197
0,196
0,194
0,193
0,192
0,191
0,189
0,188
0,187
0,185
0,184
0,183
0,182
0,181
0,180
0,179
0,178
0,177
0,176
0,175
0,174
0,173
0,172
0,171
0,170
0,170
0,169
0,168
0,167
0,166
0,75
0,906
0,904
0,902
0,900
0,898
0,895
0,893
0,891
0,889
0,887
0,886
0,884
0,883
0,881
0,880
0,878
0,877
0,875
0,874
0,872
0,871
0,869
0,868
0,867
0,866
0,864
0,863
0,862
0,860
0,859
0,858
0,857
0,856
0,855
0,854
0,852
0,851
0,850
0,849
0,848
0,847
0,846
0,845
0,844
0,844
0,843
0,842
0,841
0,840
0,90
1,513
1,511
1,509
1,507
1,505
1,502
1,500
1,498
1,496
1,494
1,493
1,491
1,490
1,488
1,487
1,485
1,484
1,482
1,481
1,479
1,478
1,476
1,475
1,474
1,473
1,471
1,470
1,469
1,467
1,466
1,465
1,464
1,463
1,462
1,461
1,459
1,458
1,457
1,456
1,455
1,454
1,453
1,453
1,452
1,451
1,450
1,449
1,449
1,448
0,95
1,876
1,874
1,872
1,870
1,868
1,866
1,864
1,862
1,860
1,858
1,856
1,855
1,853
1,852
1,850
1,848
1,847
1,845
1,844
1,842
1,841
1,839
1,838
1,837
1,836
1,834
1,833
1,832
1,830
1,829
1,828
1,827
1,826
1,825
1,824
1,823
1,822
1,821
1,820
1,819
1,818
1,817
1,816
1,815
1,815
1,814
1,813
1,812
1,811
100
0,165
0,839
1,447
1,810
Table A.5 k1 for one-sided statistical tolerance, standard deviation: unknown

fractile : p
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
0,50
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,75
0,888
0,774
0,739
0,722
0,712
0,706
0,701
0,698
0,695
0,693
0,692
0,690
0,689
0,688
0,678
0,686
0,686
0,685
0,685
0,685
0,684
0,684
0,683
0,683
0,682
0,682
0,682
0,682
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,680
0,680
0,680
0,680
0,680
0,680
0,680
0,680
0,680
0,680
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,90
1,785
1,499
1,419
1,382
1,361
1,347
1,337
1,330
1,325
1,320
1,317
1,314
1,311
1,309
1,307
1,306
1,304
1,303
1,302
1,301
1,300
1,299
1,298
1,298
1,297
1,297
1,296
1,296
1,295
1,295
1,294
1,294
1,293
1,293
1,293
1,293
1,292
1,292
1,292
1,292
1,291
1,291
1,290
1,290
1,290
1,290
1,290
1,290
1,290
fractile : p
n
0,95
2,339
1,939
1,830
1,780
1,751
1,732
1,719
1,710
1,702
1,696
1,691
1,687
1,684
1,681
1,679
1,677
1,675
1,673
1,672
1,671
1,669
1,668
1,667
1,666
1,665
1,665
1,664
1,663
1,662
1,662
1,661
1,661
1,660
1,660
1,660
1,659
1,659
1,658
1,658
1,658
1,658
1,657
1,657
1,657
1,657
1,656
1,656
1,655
1,655
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
0,50
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,75
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,90
1,290
1,290
1,289
1,289
1,289
1,289
1,289
1,288
1,288
1,288
1,288
1,288
1,288
1,288
1,288
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,287
1,286
1,286
1,286
1,286
1,286
1,286
1,286
1,286
1,286
1,286
1,286
1,286
1,286
1,286
0,95
1,655
1,655
1,655
1,655
1,655
1,654
1,654
1,654
1,654
1,654
1,654
1,654
1,653
1,653
1,653
1,653
1,653
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,651
1,651
1,651
1,651
1,651
1,651
1,651
1,651
1,651
1,651
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
100
0,000
0,677
1,286
1,650
35

fractile : p
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
36
0,50
0,708
0,472
0,383
0,332
0,297
0,272
0,252
0,236
0,223
0,212
0,202
0,193
0,186
0,179
0,173
0,168
0,163
0,158
0,154
0,151
0,147
0,144
0,140
0,138
0,135
0,133
0,130
0,128
0,125
0,123
0,121
0,120
0,118
0,116
0,114
0,113
0,111
0,110
0,108
0,107
0,106
0,104
0,103
0,102
0,101
0,100
0,099
0,098
0,097
0,75
2,225
1,465
1,256
1,152
1,088
1,044
0,011
0,985
0,964
0,947
0,933
0,920
0,909
0,900
0,891
0,884
0,877
0,870
0,865
0,860
0,854
0,850
0,846
0,842
0,838
0,835
0,831
0,828
0,825
0,823
0,820
0,818
0,815
0,813
0,811
0,809
0,807
0,805
0,803
0,801
0,800
0,798
0,797
0,795
0,794
0,793
0,791
0,790
0,789
0,90
3,993
2,502
2,134
1,962
1,860
1,791
1,740
1,702
1,671
1,646
1,625
1,607
1,591
1,578
1,566
1,555
1,545
1,536
1,529
1,522
1,514
1,509
1,503
1,498
1,492
1,488
1,483
1,479
1,475
1,472
1,468
1,465
1,461
1,458
1,455
1,453
1,450
1,448
1,445
1,443
1,441
1,439
1,437
1,435
1,433
1,431
1,430
1,428
1,426
fractile : p
n
0,95
5,122
3,152
2,681
2,464
2,336
2,251
2,189
2,142
2,104
2,074
2,048
2,026
2,008
1,991
1,977
1,964
1,952
1,942
1,932
1,924
1,916
1,909
1,902
1,896
1,889
1,884
1,879
1,874
1,869
1,865
1,861
1,858
1,854
1,850
1,847
1,844
1,840
1,837
1,834
1,832
1,829
1,827
1,824
1,822
1,820
1,818
1,815
1,813
1,811
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
0,50
0,096
0,095
0,094
0,093
0,093
0,092
0,091
0,090
0,089
0,088
0,087
0,087
0,086
0,086
0,085
0,084
0,084
0,083
0,083
0,082
0,081
0,081
0,080
0,080
0,079
0,078
0,078
0,077
0,077
0,076
0,076
0,075
0,075
0,074
0,074
0,074
0,073
0,073
0,072
0,072
0,072
0,071
0,071
0,070
0,070
0,070
0,069
0,069
0,068
0,75
0,788
0,787
0,786
0,785
0,784
0,782
0,781
0,780
0,779
0,778
0,777
0,776
0,776
0,775
0,774
0,773
0,772
0,772
0,771
0,770
0,769
0,769
0,768
0,767
0,767
0,766
0,765
0,764
0,764
0,763
0,763
0,762
0,762
0,761
0,761
0,760
0,760
0,759
0,759
0,758
0,758
0,757
0,757
0,756
0,756
0,755
0,755
0,754
0,754
0,90
1,425
1,423
1,422
1,420
1,419
1,418
1,416
1,415
1,413
1,412
1,411
1,410
1,409
1,408
1,407
1,405
1,404
1,403
1,402
1,401
1,400
1,399
1,399
1,398
1,397
1,396
1,395
1,395
1,394
1,393
1,392
1,392
1,391
1,390
1,390
1,389
1,388
1,387
1,387
1,386
1,385
1,385
1,384
1,384
1,383
1,382
1,382
1,381
1,381
0,95
1,809
1,808
1,806
1,805
1,803
1,801
1,800
1,798
1,797
1,795
1,794
1,793
1,791
1,790
1,789
1,788
1,787
1,785
1,784
1,783
1,782
1,781
1,780
1,779
1,778
1,777
1,776
1,775
1,774
1,773
1,772
1,771
1,771
1,770
1,769
1,768
1,767
1,767
1,766
1,765
1,764
1,764
1,763
1,762
1,762
1,761
1,760
1,759
1,759
100
0,068
0,753
1,380
1,758

fractile : p
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
0,50
2,177
1,089
0,819
0,686
0,603
0,545
0,501
0,466
0,438
0,414
0,394
0,377
0,361
0,348
0,336
0,325
0,315
0,306
0,297
0,290
0,283
0,277
0,270
0,265
0,259
0,254
0,249
0,245
0,240
0,236
0,232
0,229
0,225
0,221
0,218
0,215
0,213
0,210
0,207
0,204
0,202
0,199
0,197
0,194
0,192
0,190
0,188
0,186
0,184
0,75
5,843
2,603
1,973
1,698
1,540
1,436
1,360
1,303
1,257
1,220
1,189
1,162
1,139
1,119
1,101
1,085
1,071
1,058
1,046
1,036
1,026
1,017
1,008
1,001
0,993
0,986
0,979
0,973
0,967
1,162
1,357
1,553
1,748
1,943
1,739
1,535
1,331
1,127
0,923
0,920
0,917
0,913
0,910
0,907
0,904
0,902
0,899
0,897
0,894
0,90
10,253
4,259
3,188
2,743
2,494
2,333
2,219
2,133
2,066
2,012
1,967
1,929
1,896
1,867
1,842
1,820
1,800
1,782
1,766
1,752
1,737
1,725
1,713
1,703
1,692
1,683
1,674
1,666
1,658
1,651
1,644
1,638
1,631
1,624
1,619
1,614
1,608
1,603
1,598
1,594
1,590
1,585
1,581
1,577
1,574
1,570
1,567
1,563
1,560
fractile : p
n
0,95
13,090
5,312
3,957
3,400
3,092
2,894
2,755
2,650
2,569
2,503
2,449
2,403
2,364
2,329
2,299
2,273
2,249
2,228
2,208
2,191
2,174
2,160
2,146
2,134
2,121
2,110
2,099
2,090
2,080
2,072
2,064
2,057
2,049
2,041
2,035
2,029
2,023
2,017
2,011
2,006
2,001
1,996
1,991
1,986
1,982
1,978
1,974
1,970
1,966
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
0,50
0,182
0,181
0,179
0,178
0,176
0,174
0,173
0,171
0,170
0,168
0,167
0,165
0,164
0,163
0,162
0,160
0,159
0,158
0,156
0,155
0,154
0,153
0,152
0,151
0,150
0,149
0,148
0,147
0,146
0,145
0,144
0,143
0,143
0,142
0,141
0,140
0,139
0,139
0,138
0,137
0,136
0,136
0,135
0,134
0,134
0,133
0,132
0,131
0,131
0,75
0,892
0,890
0,888
0,886
0,884
0,881
0,879
0,877
0,875
0,873
0,871
0,870
0,868
0,867
0,865
0,863
0,862
0,860
0,859
0,857
0,856
0,855
0,853
0,852
0,851
0,850
0,849
0,847
0,846
0,845
0,844
0,843
0,842
0,841
0,840
0,838
0,837
0,836
0,835
0,834
0,833
0,832
0,831
0,830
0,830
0,829
0,828
0,827
0,826
0,90
1,557
1,555
1,552
1,549
1,547
1,544
1,541
1,538
1,536
1,533
1,531
1,529
1,527
1,525
1,523
1,520
1,518
1,516
1,514
1,512
1,510
1,509
1,507
1,505
1,504
1,502
1,500
1,498
1,497
1,495
1,494
1,492
1,491
1,490
1,489
1,487
1,486
1,485
1,483
1,482
1,481
1,480
1,479
1,478
1,477
1,475
1,474
1,473
1,472
0,95
1,963
1,960
1,956
1,953
1,950
1,947
1,944
1,940
1,937
1,934
1,932
1,929
1,927
1,924
1,922
1,920
1,917
1,915
1,912
1,910
1,908
1,906
1,904
1,902
1,900
1,898
1,896
1,894
1,892
1,890
1,889
1,887
1,886
1,884
1,883
1,881
1,880
1,878
1,877
1,875
1,874
1,872
1,871
1,870
1,869
1,867
1,866
1,865
1,863
100
0,130
0,825
1,471
1,862
37

fractile : p
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
38
0,50
4,465
1,686
1,177
0,954
0,823
0,735
0,670
0,620
0,580
0,547
0,519
0,495
0,474
0,455
0,439
0,424
0,411
0,398
0,387
0,377
0,367
0,359
0,350
0,343
0,335
0,329
0,322
0,317
0,311
0,306
0,301
0,296
0,291
0,286
0,282
0,278
0,275
0,271
0,267
0,264
0,261
0,257
0,254
0,251
0,248
0,246
0,243
0,241
0,238
0,75
11,763
3,807
2,618
2,150
1,896
1,733
1,618
1,533
1,466
1,412
1,367
1,329
1,296
1,268
1,243
1,221
1,201
1,183
1,167
1,153
1,138
1,126
1,114
1,104
1,093
1,084
1,075
1,067
1,059
1,052
1,046
1,039
1,033
1,026
1,021
1,016
1,010
1,005
1,000
0,996
0,991
0,987
0,982
0,978
0,975
0,971
0,968
0,964
0,961
0,90
20,582
6,156
4,162
3,407
3,007
2,756
2,582
2,454
2,355
2,276
2,211
2,156
2,109
2,069
2,033
2,002
1,974
1,949
1,926
1,907
1,887
1,870
1,853
1,839
1,825
1,813
1,800
1,789
1,778
1,769
1,760
1,751
1,742
1,733
1,726
1,719
1,712
1,705
1,698
1,692
1,686
1,681
1,675
1,669
1,664
1,660
1,655
1,651
1,646
fractile : p
n
0,95
26,260
7,656
5,144
4,203
3,708
3,400
3,188
3,032
2,911
2,815
2,737
2,671
2,615
2,567
2,524
2,487
2,453
2,424
2,397
2,373
2,349
2,330
2,310
2,293
2,276
2,261
2,246
2,233
2,220
2,209
2,199
2,188
2,178
2,167
2,159
2,151
2,142
2,134
2,126
2,119
2,113
2,106
2,100
2,093
2,087
2,082
2,076
2,071
2,065
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
0,50
0,236
0,234
0,231
0,229
0,227
0,225
0,223
0,220
0,218
0,216
0,214
0,213
0,211
0,210
0,208
0,206
0,205
0,203
0,202
0,200
0,199
0,197
0,196
0,195
0,194
0,192
0,191
0,190
0,188
0,187
0,186
0,185
0,184
0,183
0,182
0,180
0,179
0,178
0,177
0,176
0,175
0,174
0,173
0,172
0,172
0,171
0,170
0,169
0,168
0,75
0,958
0,955
0,953
0,950
0,947
0,944
0,941
0,939
0,936
0,933
0,931
0,929
0,927
0,925
0,923
0,920
0,918
0,916
0,914
0,912
0,910
0,909
0,907
0,905
0,904
0,902
0,900
0,898
0,897
0,895
0,894
0,892
0,891
0,890
0,889
0,887
0,886
0,885
0,883
0,882
0,881
0,880
0,878
0,877
0,876
0,875
0,874
0,872
0,871
0,90
1,642
1,639
1,635
1,631
1,628
1,624
1,620
1,616
1,613
1,609
1,606
1,604
1,601
1,598
1,596
1,593
1,590
1,587
1,585
1,582
1,580
1,578
1,575
1,573
1,571
1,569
1,567
1,564
1,562
1,560
1,558
1,556
1,555
1,553
1,551
1,549
1,547
1,546
1,544
1,542
1,541
1,539
1,538
1,536
1,535
1,533
1,532
1,530
1,529
0,95
2,061
2,057
2,052
2,048
2,044
2,040
2,036
2,031
2,027
2,023
2,020
2,016
2,013
2,010
2,007
2,003
2,000
1,997
1,993
1,990
1,988
1,985
1,983
1,980
1,978
1,975
1,973
1,970
1,968
1,965
1,963
1,961
1,959
1,957
1,955
1,952
1,950
1,948
1,946
1,944
1,942
1,941
1,939
1,937
1,936
1,934
1,932
1,930
1,929
100
0,167
0,870
1,527
1,927
Table A.9 k2 for two-sided statistical tolerance, standard deviation: known

fractile : p
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
0,50
0,755
0,727
0,714
0,706
0,701
0,697
0,694
0,692
0,690
0,689
0,688
0,687
0,686
0,685
0,685
0,684
0,684
0,683
0,683
0,683
0,682
0,682
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,680
0,680
0,680
0,680
0,680
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,75
0,282
1,238
1,216
1,203
1,195
1,188
1,184
1,180
1,177
1,175
1,173
1,171
1,170
1,168
1,167
1,166
1,165
1,165
1,164
1,164
1,163
1,163
1,162
1,162
1,161
1,161
1,160
1,160
1,160
1,160
1,159
1,159
1,158
1,158
1,158
1,158
1,157
1,157
1,157
1,157
1,157
1,157
1,157
1,157
1,157
1,157
1,156
1,156
1,156
0,90
1,823
1,766
1,737
1,719
1,707
1,698
1,692
1,686
1,682
1,679
1,676
1,674
1,672
1,670
1,669
1,667
1,666
1,665
1,664
1,663
1,662
1,662
1,661
1,661
1,660
1,660
1,659
1,659
1,658
1,658
1,657
1,657
1,656
1,656
1,656
1,656
1,655
1,655
1,655
1,655
1,655
1,654
1,654
1,654
1,654
1,654
1,653
1,653
1,653
fractile : p
n
0,95
2,164
2,100
2,067
2,046
2,033
2,023
2,015
2,009
2,004
2,000
1,997
1,994
1,992
1,990
1,988
1,986
1,985
1,984
1,983
1,982
1,981
1,980
1,979
1,978
1,977
1,977
1,976
1,976
1,975
1,975
1,974
1,974
1,973
1,973
1,973
1,973
1,972
1,972
1,972
1,972
1,971
1,971
1,970
1,970
1,970
1,970
1,969
1,969
1,969
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
0,50
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,678
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,677
0,75
1,156
1,156
1,156
1,156
1,156
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,155
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,154
1,153
1,153
1,153
1,153
0,90
1,653
1,653
1,653
1,653
1,653
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,652
1,651
1,651
1,651
1,651
1,651
1,651
1,651
1,651
1,651
1,651
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,649
1,649
1,649
1,649
0,95
1,969
1,969
1,969
1,969
1,969
1,968
1,968
1,968
1,968
1,968
1,968
1,968
1,968
1,968
1,968
1,967
1,967
1,967
1,967
1,967
1,967
1,967
1,967
1,967
1,967
1,966
1,966
1,966
1,966
1,966
1,966
1,966
1,966
1,966
1,966
1,965
1,965
1,965
1,965
1,965
1,965
1,965
1,965
1,965
1,965
1,965
1,965
1,965
1,965
100
0,677
1,153
1,649
1,965
39

fractile : p
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
40
0,50
0,919
0,834
0,792
0,768
0,752
0,741
0,732
0,726
0,721
0,716
0,713
0,710
0,707
0,705
0,703
0,702
0,700
0,699
0,698
0,697
0,695
0,695
0,694
0,693
0,692
0,692
0,691
0,691
0,690
0,690
0,689
0,689
0,688
0,688
0,688
0,687
0,687
0,686
0,686
0,686
0,686
0,685
0,685
0,685
0,685
0,685
0,684
0,684
0,684
0,75
1,520
1,402
1,340
1,303
1,278
1,260
1,246
1,236
1,227
1,220
1,214
1,209
1,205
1,202
1,198
1,196
1,193
1,191
1,189
1,187
1,185
1,184
1,183
1,182
1,180
1,179
1,178
1,177
1,176
1,175
1,175
1,174
1,174
1,173
1,172
1,172
1,171
1,171
1,170
1,170
1,169
1,169
1,168
1,168
1,168
1,167
1,167
1,166
1,166
0,90
2,106
1,971
1,897
1,850
1,818
1,794
1,776
1,762
1,751
1,742
1,734
1,727
1,722
1,717
1,712
1,708
1,705
1,702
1,699
1,697
1,694
1,692
1,690
1,684
1,678
1,681
1,684
1,683
1,681
1,680
1,679
1,678
1,677
1,676
1,675
1,674
1,674
1,673
1,672
1,671
1,671
1,670
1,670
1,669
1,669
1,668
1,668
1,667
1,667
fractile : p
n
0,95
2,464
2,323
2,244
2,194
2,158
2,132
2,112
2,096
2,083
2,073
2,064
2,056
2,050
2,044
2,039
2,034
2,030
2,027
2,024
2,021
2,018
2,016
2,013
2,011
2,009
2,008
2,006
2,005
2,003
2,002
2,001
1,999
1,998
1,997
1,996
1,995
1,994
1,993
1,992
1,991
1,991
1,990
1,990
1,989
1,988
1,988
1,987
1,987
1,986
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
0,50
0,684
0,684
0,683
0,683
0,683
0,683
0,683
0,682
0,682
0,682
0,682
0,682
0,682
0,682
0,682
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,680
0,680
0,680
0,680
0,68
0,680
0,680
0,680
0,680
0,680
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,679
0,75
1,166
1,166
1,165
1,165
1,165
1,165
1,165
1,164
1,164
1,164
1,164
1,164
1,163
1,163
1,163
1,163
1,163
1,162
1,162
1,162
1,162
1,162
1,161
1,161
1,161
1,161
1,161
1,160
1,160
1,16
1,160
1,160
1,160
1,160
1,160
1,159
1,159
1,159
1,159
1,159
1,159
1,159
1,159
1,159
1,159
1,158
1,158
1,158
1,158
0,90
1,667
1,666
1,666
1,665
1,665
1,665
1,664
1,664
1,663
1,663
1,663
1,663
1,662
1,662
1,662
1,662
1,662
1,661
1,661
1,661
1,661
1,661
1,660
1,660
1,660
1,660
1,660
1,659
1,659
1,659
1,659
1,659
1,658
1,658
1,658
1,658
1,658
1,657
1,657
1,657
1,657
1,657
1,657
1,657
1,657
1,656
1,656
1,656
1,656
0,95
1,986
1,985
1,985
1,984
1,984
1,984
1,983
1,983
1,982
1,982
1,982
1,981
1,981
1,981
1,981
1,980
1,980
1,980
1,979
1,979
1,979
1,979
1,978
1,978
1,978
1,978
1,978
1,977
1,977
1,977
1,977
1,977
1,976
1,976
1,976
1,976
1,976
1,975
1,975
1,975
1,975
1,975
1,974
1,974
1,974
1,974
1,974
1,973
1,973
100
0,679
1,158
1,656
1,973

fractile : p
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
0,50
1,187
1,013
0,924
0,872
0,837
0,813
0,795
0,781
0,770
0,761
0,754
0,758
0,742
0,738
0,734
0,730
0,727
0,724
0,722
0,720
0,717
0,716
0,714
0,713
0,711
0,710
0,708
0,707
0,706
0,705
0,704
0,703
0,702
0,701
0,700
0,700
0,699
0,699
0,698
0,697
0,697
0,696
0,696
0,695
0,695
0,694
0,694
0,693
0,693
0,75
1,842
1,640
1,527
1,456
1,407
1,371
1,344
1,323
1,306
1,292
1,281
1,271
1,262
1,255
1,248
1,243
1,237
1,233
1,229
1,226
1,222
1,219
1,216
1,214
1,211
1,209
1,207
1,205
1,203
1,201
1,200
1,198
1,197
1,195
1,194
1,193
1,192
1,191
1,190
1,189
1,188
1,187
1,186
1,185
1,184
1,184
1,183
1,183
1,182
0,90
2,446
1,236
2,114
2,034
1,977
1,935
1,902
1,875
1,854
1,836
1,821
1,809
1,797
1,788
1,779
1,772
1,765
1,759
1,753
1,749
1,744
1,740
1,736
1,733
1,729
1,726
1,723
1,721
1,718
1,716
1,714
1,712
1,710
1,708
1,706
1,705
1,703
1,702
1,700
1,699
1,698
1,696
1,695
1,694
1,693
1,692
1,691
1,690
1,689
fractile : p
n
0,95
2,809
2,597
2,473
2,390
2,330
2,285
2,250
2,222
2,198
2,179
2,162
2,148
2,136
2,125
2,115
2,107
2,099
2,092
2,086
2,081
2,075
2,071
2,066
2,062
2,058
2,055
2,052
2,049
2,046
2,044
2,041
2,039
2,036
2,034
2,032
2,030
2,029
2,027
2,025
2,024
2,022
2,021
2,019
2,018
2,017
2,016
2,014
2,013
2,012
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
0,50
0,693
0,692
0,692
0,692
0,692
0,691
0,691
0,691
0,690
0,690
0,690
0,690
0,689
0,689
0,689
0,689
0,689
0,688
0,688
0,688
0,688
0,688
0,687
0,687
0,687
0,687
0,687
0,686
0,686
0,686
0,686
0,686
0,686
0,686
0,686
0,685
0,685
0,685
0,685
0,685
0,685
0,685
0,685
0,685
0,685
0,684
0,684
0,684
0,684
0,75
1,182
1,181
1,181
1,180
1,180
1,179
1,179
1,178
1,178
1,177
1,177
1,176
1,176
1,175
1,175
1,175
1,174
1,174
1,173
1,173
1,173
1,172
1,172
1,172
1,172
1,171
1,171
1,171
1,170
1,170
1,170
1,170
1,169
1,169
1,169
1,169
1,169
1,168
1,168
1,168
1,168
1,168
1,167
1,167
1,167
1,167
1,167
1,166
1,166
0,90
1,688
1,688
1,687
1,686
1,686
1,685
1,684
1,683
1,683
1,682
1,682
1,681
1,681
1,680
1,680
1,679
1,679
1,678
1,678
1,677
1,677
1,676
1,676
1,675
1,675
1,675
1,674
1,674
1,673
1,673
1,673
1,672
1,672
1,672
1,672
1,671
1,671
1,671
1,670
1,670
1,670
1,669
1,669
1,669
1,669
1,668
1,668
1,668
1,667
0,95
2,011
2,010
2,010
2,009
2,008
2,007
2,006
2,006
2,005
2,004
2,003
2,003
2,002
2,002
2,001
2,000
2,000
1,999
1,999
1,998
1,998
1,997
1,997
1,996
1,996
1,995
1,995
1,994
1,994
1,993
1,993
1,992
1,992
1,992
1,992
1,991
1,991
1,991
1,990
1,990
1,990
1,989
1,989
1,989
1,989
1,988
1,988
1,988
1,987
100
0,684
1,166
1,667
1,987
41

fractile : p
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
42
0,50
1,393
1,160
1,036
0,960
0,910
0,875
0,894
0,828
0,812
0,799
0,788
0,779
0,772
0,765
0,759
0,754
0,749
0,745
0,742
0,739
0,736
0,733
0,730
0,728
0,726
0,724
0,722
0,721
0,719
0,718
0,717
0,715
0,714
0,713
0,712
0,711
0,710
0,709
0,708
0,707
0,706
0,706
0,705
0,704
0,703
0,703
0,702
0,702
0,701
0,75
2,062
1,812
1,668
1,574
1,509
1,460
0,423
1,394
1,370
1,351
1,334
1,320
1,308
1,298
1,289
1,281
1,274
1,267
1,261
1,256
1,251
1,247
1,243
1,240
1,236
1,233
1,230
1,228
1,225
1,223
1,221
1,218
1,216
1,214
1,212
1,211
1,209
1,208
1,206
1,205
1,204
1,202
1,201
1,200
1,199
1,198
1,197
1,196
1,195
0,90
2,668
2,415
1,265
2,165
2,093
2,039
1,996
1,961
1,933
1,909
1,889
1,872
1,857
1,844
1,832
1,822
1,812
1,804
1,797
1,790
1,783
1,778
1,772
1,768
1,763
1,759
1,755
1,752
1,748
1,745
1,742
1,739
1,736
1,733
1,731
1,729
1,727
1,725
1,723
1,721
1,719
1,718
1,716
1,714
1,713
1,712
1,710
1,709
1,708
fractile : p
n
0,95
3,031
2,777
2,627
2,525
2,451
2,395
2,350
2,313
2,283
2,258
2,236
2,218
2,201
2,187
2,174
2,163
2,152
2,143
2,135
2,128
2,120
2,114
2,108
2,103
2,097
2,093
2,088
2,084
2,080
2,077
2,073
2,070
2,066
2,063
2,061
2,058
2,056
2,053
2,051
2,049
2,047
2,045
2,043
2,041
2,039
2,038
2,036
2,035
2,033
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
0,50
0,701
0,700
0,700
0,699
0,699
0,699
0,698
0,698
0,697
0,697
0,697
0,696
0,696
0,696
0,696
0,695
0,695
0,695
0,694
0,694
0,694
0,693
0,693
0,693
0,693
0,692
0,692
0,692
0,691
0,691
0,691
0,691
0,690
0,690
0,690
0,690
0,690
0,689
0,689
0,689
0,689
0,689
0,689
0,689
0,689
0,688
0,688
0,688
0,688
0,75
1,194
1,194
1,193
1,192
1,192
1,191
1,190
1,189
1,189
1,188
1,187
1,187
1,186
1,186
1,185
1,184
1,184
1,183
1,183
1,182
1,182
1,181
1,181
1,180
1,180
1,180
1,179
1,179
1,178
1,178
1,178
1,177
1,177
1,177
1,177
1,176
1,176
1,176
1,175
1,175
1,175
1,175
1,174
1,174
1,174
1,174
1,174
1,173
1,173
0,90
1,707
1,706
1,705
1,704
1,703
1,701
1,700
1,699
1,698
1,697
1,696
1,696
1,695
1,694
1,694
1,693
1,692
1,691
1,691
1,690
1,689
1,689
1,688
1,688
1,687
1,686
1,686
1,685
1,685
1,684
1,684
1,683
1,683
1,682
1,682
1,682
1,681
1,681
1,680
1,680
1,680
1,679
1,679
1,679
1,679
1,678
1,678
1,678
1,677
0,95
2,032
2,031
2,030
2,029
2,028
2,026
2,025
2,024
2,023
2,022
2,021
2,020
2,019
2,018
2,018
2,017
2,016
2,015
2,014
2,013
2,012
2,012
2,011
2,011
2,010
2,009
2,009
2,008
2,008
2,007
2,007
2,006
2,006
2,005
2,005
2,004
2,004
2,003
2,003
2,002
2,002
2,001
2,001
2,000
2,000
2,000
1,999
1,999
1,998
100
0,688
1,173
1,677
1,998
Table A.13 k2 for two-sided statistical tolerance, standard deviation: unknown

fractile : p
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
0,50
1,243
0,943
0,853
0,809
0,782
0,765
0,752
0,743
0,735
0,730
0,725
0,721
0,717
0,714
0,712
0,709
0,707
0,706
0,704
0,703
0,701
0,700
0,699
0,698
0,697
0,697
0,696
0,695
0,694
0,693
0,693
0,692
0,692
0,691
0,691
0,690
0,690
0,689
0,689
0,689
0,689
0,688
0,688
0,688
0,688
0,687
0,687
0,686
0,686
0,75
2,057
1,582
1,441
1,370
1,328
1,300
1,279
1,264
1,252
1,242
1,234
1,227
1,222
1,217
1,212
1,209
1,205
1,202
1,200
1,198
1,195
1,193
1,191
1,190
1,188
1,187
1,186
1,185
1,183
1,182
1,181
1,181
1,180
1,179
1,178
1,177
1,177
1,176
1,175
1,174
1,174
1,173
1,173
1,172
1,172
1,171
1,171
1,170
1,170
0,90
2,870
2,229
2,040
1,946
1,889
1,851
1,823
1,802
1,786
1,772
1,761
1,752
1,744
1,738
1,732
1,727
1,722
1,718
1,714
1,711
1,708
1,706
1,703
1,701
1,698
1,696
1,694
1,693
1,691
1,690
1,689
1,687
1,686
1,685
1,684
1,683
1,682
1,681
1,680
1,679
1,678
1,678
1,677
1,676
1,675
1,675
1,674
1,674
1,673
fractile : p
n
0,95
3,376
2,635
2,416
2,308
2,243
2,199
2,168
2,143
2,124
2,109
2,096
2,086
2,077
2,069
2,062
2,056
2,051
2,046
2,042
2,038
2,034
2,031
2,028
2,026
2,023
2,021
2,018
2,016
2,014
2,013
2,011
2,010
2,008
2,007
2,006
2,005
2,003
2,002
2,001
2,000
1,999
1,999
1,998
1,997
1,996
1,995
1,995
1,994
1,993
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
0,50
0,686
0,686
0,685
0,685
0,685
0,685
0,685
0,684
0,684
0,684
0,684
0,684
0,684
0,684
0,684
0,683
0,683
0,683
0,683
0,683
0,683
0,683
0,683
0,683
0,683
0,682
0,682
0,682
0,682
0,682
0,682
0,682
0,682
0,682
0,682
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,681
0,75
1,170
1,169
1,169
1,169
1,169
1,168
1,168
1,168
1,167
1,167
1,167
1,167
1,166
1,166
1,166
1,166
1,166
1,165
1,165
1,165
1,165
1,165
1,164
1,164
1,164
1,164
1,164
1,163
1,163
1,163
1,163
1,163
1,163
1,163
1,163
1,162
1,162
1,162
1,162
1,162
1,162
1,162
1,161
1,161
1,161
1,161
1,161
1,160
1,160
0,90
1,673
1,672
1,672
1,671
1,671
1,670
1,670
1,669
1,669
1,668
1,668
1,667
1,667
1,667
1,667
1,666
1,666
1,666
1,665
1,665
1,665
1,664
1,664
1,664
1,664
1,663
1,663
1,663
1,662
1,662
1,662
1,662
1,662
1,662
1,662
1,661
1,661
1,661
1,661
1,661
1,661
1,661
1,660
1,660
1,660
1,660
1,660
1,659
1,659
0,95
1,993
1,992
1,992
1,991
1,991
1,990
1,990
1,989
1,989
1,988
1,988
1,987
1,987
1,986
1,986
1,986
1,985
1,985
1,984
1,984
1,984
1,983
1,983
1,983
1,983
1,982
1,982
1,982
1,981
1,981
1,981
1,981
1,980
1,980
1,980
1,980
1,980
1,979
1,979
1,979
1,979
1,979
1,978
1,978
1,978
1,978
1,978
1,977
1,977
100
0,681
1,160
1,659
1,977
43

fractile : p
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
44
0,50
2,674
1,492
1,211
1,083
1,009
0,961
1,926
0,900
0,880
0,864
0,850
0,839
0,829
0,821
0,814
0,807
0,802
0,797
0,792
0,788
0,784
0,781
0,777
0,774
0,771
0,769
0,766
0,764
0,762
0,760
0,758
0,757
0,755
0,753
0,752
0,751
0,749
0,748
0,747
0,746
0,745
0,743
0,742
0,741
0,740
0,739
0,739
0,738
0,737
0,75
4,394
2,487
2,036
1,829
1,709
1,630
1,573
1,530
1,497
1,469
1,447
1,428
1,412
1,398
1,386
1,375
1,366
1,357
1,349
1,343
1,336
1,331
1,325
1,320
1,315
1,311
1,306
1,303
1,299
1,296
1,293
1,290
1,287
1,284
1,282
1,280
1,277
1,275
1,273
1,271
1,269
1,267
1,265
1,263
1,262
1,260
1,259
1,257
1,256
0,90
6,109
3,489
2,872
2,590
2,425
2,316
2,238
2,179
2,133
2,095
2,064
2,038
2,015
1,996
1,979
1,964
1,950
1,938
1,927
1,918
1,908
1,900
1,892
1,886
1,879
1,873
1,867
1,862
1,857
1,853
1,848
1,844
1,839
1,835
1,832
1,829
1,825
1,822
1,819
1,816
1,814
1,811
1,809
1,806
1,804
1,802
1,799
1,797
1,795
fractile : p
n
0,95
7,178
4,117
3,397
3,069
2,877
2,750
2,659
2,590
2,536
2,492
2,456
2,425
2,399
2,376
2,356
2,338
2,322
2,308
2,295
2,284
2,273
2,264
2,254
2,246
2,238
2,231
2,224
2,218
2,211
2,206
2,201
2,196
2,191
2,186
2,182
2,178
2,175
2,171
2,167
2,164
2,161
2,158
2,155
2,152
2,149
2,147
2,144
2,142
2,139
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
0,50
0,736
0,736
0,735
0,734
0,734
0,733
0,732
0,731
0,731
0,730
0,730
0,729
0,729
0,728
0,728
0,727
0,727
0,726
0,726
0,725
0,725
0,724
0,724
0,723
0,723
0,723
0,722
0,722
0,721
0,721
0,721
0,720
0,720
0,720
0,720
0,719
0,719
0,719
0,718
0,718
0,718
0,717
0,717
0,717
0,717
0,716
0,716
0,716
0,715
0,75
1,255
1,254
1,252
1,251
1,250
1,249
1,248
1,246
1,245
1,244
1,243
1,242
1,242
1,241
1,240
1,239
1,238
1,238
1,237
1,236
1,235
1,235
1,234
1,233
1,233
1,232
1,231
1,230
1,230
1,229
1,228
1,228
1,227
1,227
1,226
1,225
1,225
1,224
1,224
1,223
1,223
1,222
1,222
1,221
1,221
1,221
1,220
1,220
1,219
0,90
1,793
1,792
1,790
1,789
1,787
1,785
1,784
1,782
1,781
1,779
1,778
1,776
1,775
1,774
1,773
1,771
1,770
1,769
1,767
1,766
1,765
1,764
1,763
1,762
1,762
1,761
1,760
1,759
1,758
1,757
1,756
1,755
1,755
1,754
1,753
1,752
1,751
1,751
1,750
1,749
1,748
1,748
1,747
1,746
1,746
1,745
1,744
1,743
1,743
0,95
2,137
2,135
2,133
2,131
2,129
2,127
2,125
2,123
2,121
2,119
2,118
2,116
2,115
2,113
2,112
2,111
2,109
2,108
2,106
2,105
2,104
2,103
2,101
2,100
2,099
2,098
2,097
2,095
2,094
2,093
2,092
2,091
2,090
2,089
2,089
2,088
2,087
2,086
2,085
2,084
2,083
2,082
2,082
2,081
2,080
2,079
2,078
2,078
2,077
100
0,715
1,219
1,742
2,076

fractile : p
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
0,50
6,809
2,492
1,766
1,473
1,314
1,213
1,144
1,093
1,053
1,022
0,996
0,975
0,957
0,941
0,928
0,916
0,905
0,896
0,887
0,880
0,873
0,867
0,861
0,856
0,850
0,846
0,841
0,837
0,833
0,830
0,827
0,823
0,820
0,817
0,815
0,812
0,810
0,807
0,805
0,803
0,801
0,799
0,797
0,795
0,793
0,792
0,790
0,789
0,787
0,75
11,166
4,135
2,954
2,478
2,218
2,053
1,939
1,854
1,789
1,737
1,694
1,659
1,628
1,602
1,580
1,560
1,542
1,526
1,512
1,500
1,487
1,477
1,466
1,458
1,449
1,442
1,434
1,427
1,420
1,415
1,409
1,404
1,398
1,393
1,389
1,385
1,380
1,376
1,372
1,369
1,366
1,362
1,359
1,356
1,353
1,350
1,348
1,345
1,342
0,90
15,513
5,789
4,158
3,500
3,141
2,913
2,755
2,637
2,546
2,474
2,414
2,365
2,322
2,286
2,254
2,226
2,201
2,179
2,159
2,142
2,124
2,110
2,095
2,083
2,070
2,059
2,048
2,039
2,029
2,021
2,014
2,006
1,999
1,991
1,985
1,979
1,974
1,968
1,962
1,957
1,952
1,948
1,943
1,938
1,934
1,930
1,927
1,923
1,919
fractile : p
n
0,95
18,221
6,824
4,913
4,143
3,723
3,456
3,270
3,133
3,026
2,941
2,871
2,813
2,763
2,720
2,683
2,650
2,620
2,594
2,570
2,550
2,529
2,512
2,494
2,480
2,465
2,452
2,439
2,428
2,417
2,408
2,399
2,390
2,381
2,372
2,365
2,358
2,351
2,344
2,337
2,331
2,326
2,320
2,315
2,309
2,304
2,300
2,295
2,291
2,286
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
0,50
0,786
0,785
0,783
0,782
0,781
0,780
0,779
0,777
0,776
0,775
0,774
0,773
0,772
0,771
0,771
0,770
0,769
0,768
0,767
0,766
0,765
0,765
0,764
0,763
0,763
0,762
0,761
0,760
0,760
0,759
0,758
0,758
0,757
0,757
0,756
0,755
0,755
0,754
0,754
0,753
0,753
0,752
0,752
0,751
0,751
0,750
0,750
0,749
0,749
0,75
1,340
1,338
1,336
1,334
1,332
1,329
1,327
1,325
1,323
1,321
1,320
1,318
1,317
1,315
1,314
1,312
1,311
1,309
1,308
1,306
1,305
1,304
1,302
1,301
1,300
1,299
1,298
1,296
1,295
1,294
1,293
1,292
1,291
1,290
1,289
1,288
1,287
1,286
1,285
1,284
1,283
1,282
1,282
1,281
1,280
1,279
1,278
1,278
1,277
0,90
1,916
1,913
1,910
1,907
1,904
1,901
1,898
1,895
1,892
1,889
1,887
1,885
1,882
1,880
1,878
1,876
1,874
1,871
1,869
1,867
1,865
1,863
1,862
1,860
1,858
1,856
1,854
1,853
1,851
1,849
1,848
1,846
1,845
1,843
1,842
1,841
1,839
1,838
1,836
1,835
1,834
1,833
1,832
1,831
1,830
1,828
1,827
1,826
1,825
0,95
2,282
2,279
2,275
2,272
2,268
2,264
2,261
2,257
2,254
2,250
2,247
2,245
2,242
2,240
2,237
2,234
2,232
2,229
2,227
2,224
2,222
2,220
2,218
2,216
2,214
2,211
2,209
2,207
2,205
2,203
2,201
2,200
2,198
2,197
2,195
2,193
2,192
2,190
2,189
2,187
2,186
2,184
2,183
2,181
2,180
2,179
2,177
2,176
2,174
100
0,748
1,276
1,824
2,173
45

fractile : p
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
46
0,50
13,652
3,585
2,288
1,812
1,566
1,416
1,314
1,240
1,183
1,139
1,103
1,074
1,049
1,027
1,009
0,992
0,978
0,965
0,954
0,944
0,934
0,926
0,918
0,911
0,904
0,898
0,892
0,887
0,881
0,877
0,873
0,868
0,864
0,860
0,857
0,854
0,850
0,847
0,844
0,841
0,839
0,836
0,834
0,831
0,829
0,827
0,825
0,823
0,821
0,75
22,383
5,938
3,819
3,041
2,639
2,392
2,224
2,101
2,008
1,935
1,875
1,825
1,784
1,748
1,717
1,689
1,665
1,644
1,625
1,608
1,591
1,577
1,563
1,552
1,540
1,530
1,519
1,511
1,502
1,495
1,488
1,480
1,473
1,466
1,460
1,455
1,449
1,444
1,438
1,434
1,430
1,425
1,421
1,417
1,413
1,410
1,406
1,403
1,399
0,90
31,093
8,306
5,369
4,291
3,733
3,390
3,157
2,987
2,857
2,754
2,671
2,602
2,543
2,493
2,449
2,411
2,377
2,347
2,319
2,296
2,272
2,253
2,233
2,217
2,200
2,186
2,171
2,159
2,146
2,136
2,126
2,115
2,105
2,095
2,087
2,079
2,072
2,064
2,056
2,050
2,044
2,037
2,031
2,025
2,020
2,015
2,010
2,005
2,000
fractile : p
n
0,95
36,520
9,789
6,342
5,077
4,423
4,020
3,746
3,546
3,394
3,273
3,175
3,094
3,025
2,965
2,914
2,869
2,829
2,793
2,761
2,733
2,705
2,682
2,659
2,639
2,619
2,602
2,585
2,570
2,555
2,543
2,531
2,519
2,507
2,495
2,486
2,477
2,467
2,458
2,449
2,442
2,434
2,427
2,419
2,412
2,406
2,400
2,394
2,388
2,382
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
0,50
0,819
0,818
0,816
0,814
0,813
0,811
0,809
0,807
0,806
0,804
0,803
0,802
0,800
0,799
0,798
0,797
0,796
0,794
0,793
0,792
0,791
0,790
0,789
0,788
0,788
0,787
0,786
0,785
0,784
0,783
0,782
0,782
0,781
0,780
0,780
0,779
0,778
0,777
0,777
0,776
0,775
0,775
0,774
0,773
0,773
0,772
0,771
0,770
0,770
0,75
1,396
1,393
1,391
1,388
1,385
1,382
1,379
1,377
1,374
1,371
1,369
1,367
1,365
1,363
1,361
1,359
1,357
1,355
1,353
1,351
1,349
1,348
1,346
1,345
1,343
1,341
1,340
1,338
1,337
1,335
1,334
1,332
1,331
1,330
1,329
1,327
1,326
1,325
1,323
1,322
1,321
1,320
1,319
1,318
1,317
1,316
1,315
1,314
1,313
0,90
1,996
1,992
1,988
1,984
1,980
1,976
1,972
1,968
1,964
1,960
1,957
1,954
1,951
1,948
1,946
1,943
1,940
1,937
1,934
1,931
1,929
1,927
1,924
1,922
1,920
1,918
1,916
1,913
1,911
1,909
1,907
1,905
1,903
1,901
1,900
1,898
1,896
1,894
1,892
1,890
1,889
1,887
1,886
1,884
1,883
1,881
1,880
1,878
1,877
0,95
2,377
2,373
2,368
2,364
2,359
2,354
2,350
2,345
2,341
2,336
2,333
2,329
2,326
2,322
2,319
2,315
2,312
2,308
2,305
2,301
2,298
2,296
2,293
2,290
2,288
2,285
2,282
2,279
2,277
2,274
2,272
2,270
2,267
2,265
2,263
2,261
2,259
2,256
2,254
2,252
2,250
2,248
2,247
2,245
2,243
2,241
2,239
2,238
2,236
100
0,769
1,312
1,875
2,234
Annex B
(informative)
Examples of statistical evaluation
Example 1
Example of statistical analysis of compressive strength using batch control.

The fractile p = 50%
The confidence level = 95%
The number of series of inspection lots is l = 1.
One-sided tolerance interval, lower limit
The declared mean compressive strength is 15 N/mm
For the first and the following inspection lots a sample size of 6 samples are taken and tested and evaluated
inspection lot by inspection lot (xm (equation 1), standard deviation ss (equation 2) and xest (equation 3)
according to clause 5.6.6 using k1,u taken from Annex A Table A8 (p: 50 % and : 95 %)).
For the first 42 samples (1 7 inspection lot), the standard deviation of the population is considered to be
unknown and the k1,u factor taken from Annex A Table A8 (p: 50 % and : 95 %) is 0,823. For the inspection
lots 8 20 the standard deviation can be considered as known, but the used acceptance coefficient is
corrected (kc). The acceptance coefficient for the known standard deviation k1,k is taken from Annex A Table
A4 (p: 50 % and : 95 %) and is 0,672. The corrected acceptance coefficient kc is calculated by a linear
interpolation between the acceptance coefficient k1,u and k1,k taking into account the considered inspection lot.
The known standard deviation is calculated based on the first 42 test results.
From inspection lot 21 and so on 6 samples are taken from each next inspection lot and the test results are
evaluated inspection lot by inspection lot (xm (equation 1), known standard deviation and xest (equation 6)
according to clause 5.6.6 using k1,k taken from Annex A Table A4 (p: 50 % and : 95 %)).
After each evaluation the result has to be compared with the lower limit value (e.g. the declared value)
decided by the manufacturer.
If there is a non-conformity due to great differences between the test results, the estimated value is
highlighted by a red signal at the right side (batch 21). A non-conforming inspection lot has to be treated
separately as described in the text.
47
EXAMPLE 1
ONE SIDED TOLERANCE INTERVAL-lower limit
fractile p
confidence level
METHOD A : use at least 6 testresults per inspection lot
50
95
Start correction
End correction
7 Series of inspection lots

20
Inspection lot
test 1
test 2
test 3
test 4
test 5
test 6
Xm
Ss
k1,u
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
18,1
16,1
17,7
21,4
19,5
19,9
17,2
20,2
21,0
20,2
20,0
23,8
21,1
21,0
18,8
19,7
20,4
20,5
19,8
19,7
16,5
21,3
19,3
18,5
17,9
18,4
19,1
20,8
20,8
19,3
19,2
17,8
14,7
17,3
22,8
20,6
21,0
16,5
20,5
19,5
19,6
21,4
20,5
17,6
14,2
21,4
17,5
21,8
18,3
18,8
17,9
19,6
19,7
20,1
17,0
16,3
19,0
22,3
21,2
20,8
20,1
17,2
20,3
20,0
20,1
20,4
18,1
16,9
15,3
21,3
18,3
19,4
19,4
17,6
18,1
18,5
21,1
18,8
18,2
19,9
18,9
21,3
19,9
17,1
19,1
15,8
20,1
18,1
20,8
22,4
19,2
20,9
16,4
18,9
17,2
17,2
17,7
15,7
15,7
18,6
19,4
21,1
19,4
21,9
18,8
22,4
20,1
21
23,4
21,7
21,7
20,3
14,5
19,1
19,1
18,4
14,3
21,2
19,1
21,3
19,2
17
18,1
18,1
18,6
20,6
17,1
22,6
19,3
22,6
22,6
15,5
21,5
19,5
17,1
17,2
18,2
18,6
18,8
18
16,4
20,8
16,7
17,4
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
18,43
17,27
17,77
19,50
19,85
19,97
18,02
19,78
18,62
21,02
21,10
19,80
21,03
18,62
19,75
19,13
18,93
20,40
19,25
18,58
15,52
20,82
18,02
19,27
0,70
1,24
1,12
1,35
0,94
0,84
1,09
2,39
2,09
2,03
1,33
3,00
1,44
2,47
1,59
1,21
2,35
1,41
0,83
1,47
1,08
0,96
1,06
1,94
0,823
0,823
0,823
0,823
0,823
0,823
0,823
48
kc
0,823
0,811
0,800
0,788
0,777
0,765
0,753
0,742
0,730
0,718
0,707
0,695
0,684
0,672
1 Declared Value
15
1,409
k1,k
0,672 1,409
0,672 1,858
0,672
0,672
0,672
0,672
1,858
Xest
17,85
16,25
16,84
18,39
19,08
19,28
17,12
Xest
16,86
18,64
17,49
19,91
20,01
18,72
19,97
17,57
18,72
18,12
17,94
19,42
18,29
17,33
Xest
17,33
14,27
19,57
16,77
18,02
Equation
OK?
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Example 2

This example is similar to example 1. The only difference is that the declared compressive strength is a 5 %
characteristic value.
The declared 5 % characteristic compressive strength is 10 N/mm
highlighted by a red signal at the right side. A non-conforming inspection lot has to be treated separately as
described in the text.
49
EXAMPLE 2
fractile p
confidence level
95
95
Start correction
End correction

20
Inspection lot
test 1
test 2
test 3
test 4
test 5
test 6
Xm
Ss
k1,u
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
18,1
16,1
17,7
21,4
19,5
19,9
17,2
20,2
21,0
20,2
20,0
23,8
21,1
21,0
18,8
19,7
20,4
20,5
19,8
19,7
16,5
21,3
19,3
18,5
17,9
18,4
19,1
20,8
20,8
19,3
19,2
17,8
14,7
17,3
22,8
20,6
21,0
16,5
20,5
19,5
19,6
21,4
20,5
17,6
14,2
21,4
17,5
21,8
18,3
18,8
17,9
19,6
19,7
20,1
17,0
16,3
19,0
22,3
21,2
20,8
20,1
17,2
20,3
20,0
20,1
20,4
18,1
16,9
15,3
21,3
18,3
19,4
19,4
17,6
18,1
18,5
21,1
18,8
18,2
19,9
18,9
21,3
19,9
17,1
19,1
15,8
20,1
18,1
20,8
22,4
19,2
20,9
16,4
18,9
17,2
17,2
17,7
15,7
15,7
18,6
19,4
21,1
19,4
21,9
18,8
22,4
20,1
21
23,4
21,7
21,7
20,3
14,5
19,1
19,1
18,4
14,3
21,2
19,1
21,3
19,2
17
18,1
18,1
18,6
20,6
17,1
22,6
19,3
22,6
22,6
15,5
21,5
19,5
17,1
17,2
18,2
18,6
18,8
18
16,4
20,8
16,7
17,4
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
18,43
17,27
17,77
19,50
19,85
19,97
18,02
19,78
18,62
21,02
21,10
19,80
21,03
18,62
19,75
19,13
18,93
20,40
19,25
18,58
15,52
20,82
18,02
19,27
0,70
1,24
1,12
1,35
0,94
0,84
1,09
2,39
2,09
2,03
1,33
3,00
1,44
2,47
1,59
1,21
2,35
1,41
0,83
1,47
1,08
0,96
1,06
1,94
3,708
3,708
3,708
3,708
3,708
3,708
3,708
50
kc
3,708
3,601
3,494
3,387
3,280
3,173
3,066
2,959
2,852
2,745
2,638
2,531
2,424
2,317
1 Declared Value
10
1,409
k1,k
2,317 1,409
2,317 1,858
2,317
2,317
2,317
2,317
1,858
Xest
15,83
12,69
13,61
14,50
16,38
16,86
13,99
Xest
12,79
14,71
13,69
16,24
16,48
15,33
16,71
14,45
15,73
15,26
15,22
16,83
15,83
14,28
Xest
14,28
11,21
16,51
13,71
14,96
Equation
OK?
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Example 3

This example is similar to example 1. The only difference is, that the used confidence level is 75 %.
51
EXAMPLE 3
fractile p
confidence level
50
75
Start correction
End correction

20
Inspection lot
test 1
test 2
test 3
test 4
test 5
test 6
Xm
Ss
k1,u
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
18,1
16,1
17,7
21,4
19,5
19,9
17,2
20,2
21,0
20,2
20,0
23,8
21,1
21,0
18,8
19,7
20,4
20,5
19,8
19,7
16,5
21,3
19,3
18,5
17,9
18,4
19,1
20,8
20,8
19,3
19,2
17,8
14,7
17,3
22,8
20,6
21,0
16,5
20,5
19,5
19,6
21,4
20,5
17,6
14,2
21,4
17,5
21,8
18,3
18,8
17,9
19,6
19,7
20,1
17,0
16,3
19,0
22,3
21,2
20,8
20,1
17,2
20,3
20,0
20,1
20,4
18,1
16,9
15,3
21,3
18,3
19,4
19,4
17,6
18,1
18,5
21,1
18,8
18,2
19,9
18,9
21,3
19,9
17,1
19,1
15,8
20,1
18,1
20,8
22,4
19,2
20,9
16,4
18,9
17,2
17,2
17,7
15,7
15,7
18,6
19,4
21,1
19,4
21,9
18,8
22,4
20,1
21
23,4
21,7
21,7
20,3
14,5
19,1
19,1
18,4
14,3
21,2
19,1
21,3
19,2
17
18,1
18,1
18,6
20,6
17,1
22,6
19,3
22,6
22,6
15,5
21,5
19,5
17,1
17,2
18,2
18,6
18,8
18
16,4
20,8
16,7
17,4
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
18,43
17,27
17,77
19,50
19,85
19,97
18,02
19,78
18,62
21,02
21,10
19,80
21,03
18,62
19,75
19,13
18,93
20,40
19,25
18,58
15,52
20,82
18,02
19,27
0,70
1,24
1,12
1,35
0,94
0,84
1,09
2,39
2,09
2,03
1,33
3,00
1,44
2,47
1,59
1,21
2,35
1,41
0,83
1,47
1,08
0,96
1,06
1,94
0,297
0,297
0,297
0,297
0,297
0,297
0,297
52
kc
0,297
0,295
0,294
0,292
0,291
0,289
0,287
0,286
0,284
0,282
0,281
0,279
0,278
0,276
1 Declared Value
15
1,409
k1,k
0,276 1,409
0,276 1,858
0,276
0,276
0,276
0,276
1,858
Xest
18,22
16,90
17,43
19,10
19,57
19,72
17,69
Xest
17,60
19,37
18,20
20,60
20,69
19,39
20,63
18,21
19,35
18,74
18,54
20,01
18,86
18,07
Xest
18,07
15,00
20,30
17,50
18,75
Equation
OK?
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Example 4
Example of statistical analysis of compressive strength using Rolling inspection.

For the first inspection lot a sample size of 3 samples are taken and tested and evaluated (xm (equation 1),
standard deviation ss (equation 2) and xest (equation 3) according to clause 5.6.6 using k1,u taken from Annex
A Table A8 (p: 50 % and : 95 %)). For the next and the following 2 inspection lots 3 additional samples are
taken and tested and evaluated together with the ones from the previous inspection lots (xm (equation 1),
A Table A8 (p: 50 % and : 95 %)). By doing so the spot sample size evaluated together is gradually
increased from 3 to 12 samples.
From then on, 3 additional samples are taken from each next inspection lot and evaluated together with the
ones from the previous inspection lots (xm (equation 1), standard deviation ss (equation 2) and xest (equation 3)
according to clause 5.6.6 using k1,u taken from Annex A Table A8 (p: 50 % and : 95 %)) but the spot sample
size is limited to the last 12 samples. The spot sample size continues to be 12.
From inspection lot 21 and so on 3 additional samples are taken from each next inspection lot and the test
results are evaluated together with the ones from the previous inspection lots (xm (equation 1), known
standard deviation and xest (equation 6) according to clause 5.6.6 using k1,k taken from Annex A Table A4 (p:
50 % and : 95 %)) and the spot sample size is still limited to the last 12 samples.
Part of the evaluation is also to check that the standard deviation ss of the spot sample corresponds to the
following equation:
0,63 ss 1,37
In the last column it is indicated whether the mentioned equation fits or does not fit.
53
EXAMPLE4
fractile p
confidence level
50
95
Start correction
End correction
METHOD B: use at least 3 testresults per inspection lot
7
20
Series of inspection lots
Declared Value
15
2,325
Inspection lot
test 1
test 2
test 3
Xm
Ss
k1,u
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
20,2
21,0
20,2
20,0
23,8
21,1
21,0
18,8
19,7
20,4
20,5
19,8
19,7
18,7
21,3
19,3
18,5
19,9
18,9
21,3
19,9
17,1
19,1
15,8
20,1
18,1
20,8
22,4
19,2
20,9
17,8
14,7
17,3
22,8
20,6
21,0
16,5
20,5
19,5
19,6
21,4
20,5
17,6
20,0
21,4
17,5
21,8
21,9
18,8
22,4
20,1
21,0
23,4
21,7
21,7
20,3
14,5
19,1
19,1
18,4
16,3
19,0
22,3
21,2
20,8
20,1
17,2
20,3
20,0
20,1
20,4
18,1
16,9
19,7
21,3
18,3
19,4
22,6
19,3
22,6
22,6
15,5
21,5
19,5
17,1
17,2
18,2
18,6
18,8
18,0
3
6
9
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
18,10
18,17
18,76
19,40
20,31
20,93
20,51
20,14
19,64
19,47
20,10
20,00
19,58
19,44
19,58
19,31
19,77
20,27
19,68
20,62
20,86
19,96
20,54
19,77
19,46
19,63
18,75
19,01
18,86
19,00
1,97
2,39
2,43
2,45
2,45
1,63
2,02
1,91
1,47
1,35
0,65
0,79
1,35
1,34
1,49
1,55
1,41
1,66
1,59
1,62
1,53
2,21
2,37
2,54
2,57
2,27
2,32
2,21
1,94
1,93
1,686
0,823
0,620
0,519
0,519
0,519
0,519
54
kc
0,519
0,516
0,512
0,509
0,505
0,502
0,499
0,495
0,492
0,489
0,485
0,482
0,478
0,475
k1,k
0,475
2,325
0,475
0,475
0,475
0,475
0,475
0,475
0,475
0,475
0,475
0,475
0,475
1,762
1,762
Xest
14,78
16,20
17,25
18,13
19,03
20,09
19,46
Xest
19,30
18,94
18,45
18,28
18,93
18,83
18,42
18,29
18,44
18,17
18,64
19,15
18,57
19,78
Xest
19,78
20,02
19,12
19,70
18,93
18,62
18,79
17,91
18,17
18,02
18,16
Equation
OK?
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Example 5
Example of statistical analysis of compressive strength using "Rolling" inspection.

This example is similar to example 4. The only difference is the size of the series of inspection lots. In
example 4 the series is l = 4 and in example 5 the series is l = 5.
following equation:
0,63 ss 1,37
55
highlighted by a red signal at the right side (batch 1 and 22). A non-conforming inspection lot has to be
treated separately as described in the text.
EXAMPLE 5
fractile p
confidence level
50
95
Start correction
End correction
7
20
Declared Value
15
2,490
Inspection lot
test 1
test 2
test 3
Xm
Ss
k1,u
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
20,2
21,0
20,2
20,0
23,8
21,1
15,4
18,8
19,7
20,4
20,5
19,8
19,7
18,7
14,7
19,3
20,8
15,2
14,1
14,4
19,9
14,9
16,0
15,8
20,1
18,1
20,8
22,4
19,2
20,9
17,8
14,7
17,3
22,8
20,6
21,0
16,5
20,5
19,5
19,6
21,4
20,5
17,6
20,0
15,8
17,5
15,3
16,1
16,1
15,5
16,1
16,0
23,4
21,7
21,7
20,3
14,5
19,1
19,1
18,4
16,3
19,0
22,3
21,2
20,8
20,1
17,2
20,3
20,0
20,1
20,4
18,1
16,9
19,7
16,2
14,4
19,4
14,5
15,4
15,7
14,3
15,5
21,5
19,5
17,1
17,2
18,2
18,6
18,8
18,0
3
6
9
12
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
18,10
18,17
18,76
19,40
19,87
20,39
20,02
20,01
19,69
19,35
19,35
19,97
19,61
19,56
18,67
17,93
17,73
17,17
16,32
16,25
16,19
15,58
16,59
17,35
18,23
18,59
19,06
19,01
19,01
18,91
1,97
2,39
2,43
2,45
2,47
2,19
2,40
2,24
2,06
1,68
1,69
0,79
1,20
1,22
2,02
1,98
2,10
2,26
2,03
2,06
2,11
1,38
2,76
2,99
2,99
2,75
2,60
2,26
1,96
1,82
1,686
0,823
0,620
0,519
0,455
0,455
0,455
56
kc
0,455
0,453
0,450
0,448
0,446
0,443
0,441
0,439
0,437
0,434
0,432
0,430
0,427
0,425
k1,k
0,425
2,490
0,425
0,425
0,425
0,425
0,425
0,425
0,425
0,425
0,425
0,425
0,425
2,461
2,461
Xest
14,78
16,20
17,25
18,13
18,74
19,40
18,93
Xest
18,89
18,88
18,57
18,23
18,24
18,87
18,51
18,47
17,58
16,85
16,66
16,10
15,26
15,20
Xest
15,20
15,14
14,53
15,54
16,30
17,19
17,54
18,01
17,96
17,97
17,86
Equation
OK?
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Example 6
Example of statistical analysis of compressive strength using a special type of Rolling inspection
"Progressive Sampling.

st
th
For each of the 1 to 5 inspection lots a spot size of one sample is taken and tested. These inspection lots
are evaluated together (xm (equation 1), standard deviation ss (equation 2) and xest (equation 3) according to
th
clause 5.6.6 using k1,u taken from Annex A Table A8 (p: 50 % and : 95 %)). For the 6 and following
inspection lots (xm (equation 1), standard deviation ss (equation 2) and xest (equation 3) according to clause
5.6.6 using k1,u taken from Annex A Table A8 (p: 50 % and : 95 %)). The spot size is gradually increased
from 5 to 15 samples.
From then on, 1 additional sample is taken from each next inspection lot and evaluated together with the ones
from the previous inspection lots (xm (equation 1), standard deviation ss (equation 2) and xest (equation 3)
For the first 30 samples, the standard deviation of the population is considered to be unknown and the k1,u
factor taken from Annex A Table A8 (p: 50 % and : 95 %) is 0,455.
For the inspection lots 30 60 the standard deviation can be considered as known, but the used acceptance
coefficient is corrected (kc). The acceptance coefficient for the known standard deviation k1,k is taken from
Annex A Table A4 (p: 50 % and : 95 %) and is 0,425. The corrected acceptance coefficient kc is calculated
by a linear interpolation between the acceptance coefficient k1,u and k1,k taking into account the considered
inspection lot. The known standard deviation is calculated based on the first 21 test results.
From inspection lot 61 and so on 1 additional sample is taken from each next inspection lot and the test
following equation:
0,63 ss 1,37
57
EXAMPLE 6
fractile p
confidence level
Inspection lot
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
58
50
95
test 1
6,78
8,36
8,64
8,41
8,25
7,44
8,57
6,25
7,83
7,40
8,57
8,27
7,67
8,13
6,53
7,85
7,20
7,95
7,39
5,96
6,26
5,60
7,15
6,01
7,88
6,01
5,91
7,05
5,51
5,87
7,59
8,64
6,72
8,11
8,21
8,48
7,87
7,36
8,11
6,50
7,38
7,78
8,11
8,70
7,46
7,76
6,46
7,78
6,73
7,47
6,98
6,35
6,35
5,53
6,68
5,86
7,40
6,42
5,80
6,57
5,71
5,78
10,46
12,26
8,90
test 2
test 3
Start correction
End correction
METHOD B: progressive sampling : use only 1 testresult per inspection lot
30
60
Xm
Ss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
6,78
7,57
7,92
8,05
8,09
7,98
8,06
7,84
7,84
7,79
7,86
7,90
7,88
7,90
7,81
7,88
7,80
7,75
7,69
7,53
7,46
7,26
7,32
7,20
7,23
7,06
6,90
6,86
6,69
6,64
6,62
6,72
6,64
6,69
6,84
6,98
7,14
7,15
7,29
7,20
7,29
7,41
7,48
7,70
7,80
7,81
7,67
7,74
7,65
7,60
7,50
7,40
7,33
7,16
7,17
7,07
7,04
6,93
6,74
6,68
6,54
6,49
6,67
7,04
7,14
#DEEL/0!
1,11
1,00
0,85
0,74
0,72
0,69
0,91
0,85
0,81
0,80
0,77
0,74
0,72
0,78
0,72
0,73
0,69
0,67
0,79
0,85
0,92
0,88
0,93
0,94
0,91
0,89
0,87
0,86
0,88
0,86
1,00
0,94
1,00
1,05
1,11
1,07
1,07
1,05
1,05
1,00
0,93
0,94
0,81
0,65
0,64
0,69
0,64
0,68
0,66
0,63
0,68
0,74
0,83
0,83
0,89
0,87
0,83
0,72
0,69
0,67
0,69
1,21
1,88
1,94
15
Declared Value
1,009
k1,u
4,465
1,686
1,177
0,954
0,823
0,735
0,670
0,620
0,580
0,547
0,519
0,495
0,474
0,455
0,455
0,455
0,455
0,455
0,455
0,455
0,455
0,455
0,455
0,455
0,455
0,455
0,455
0,455
0,455
kc
0,455
0,454
0,453
0,452
0,451
0,450
0,449
0,448
0,447
0,446
0,445
0,444
0,443
0,442
0,441
0,440
0,439
0,438
0,437
0,436
0,435
0,434
0,433
0,432
0,431
0,430
0,429
0,428
0,427
0,426
0,425
k1,k
0,425
1,009
0,425
0,425
0,425
0,425
0,425
0,425
0,935
0,935
Xest
2,59
6,24
7,04
7,38
7,39
7,56
7,23
7,31
7,32
7,42
7,49
7,51
7,56
7,45
7,55
7,47
7,44
7,38
7,17
7,07
6,84
6,92
6,78
6,80
6,64
6,50
6,47
6,30
6,24
Xest
6,18
6,17
6,26
6,18
6,23
6,38
6,53
6,68
6,70
6,84
6,75
6,84
6,97
7,04
7,25
7,36
7,37
7,23
7,30
7,21
7,16
7,06
6,96
6,89
6,72
6,73
6,63
6,61
6,50
6,31
6,28
Xest
6,28
6,14
6,10
6,28
6,64
6,74
Equation
OK?
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Example 7
Example of statistical analysis of compressive strength using Rolling inspection.
following equation:
0,63 ss 1,37
59
highlighted by a red signal at the right side (batch 1 and 2). A non-conforming inspection lot has to be treated
EXAMPLE 7
fractile p
confidence level
95
95
Start correction
End correction
7
20
Declared Value
10
2,490
Inspection lot
test 1
test 2
test 3
Xm
Ss
k1,u
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
20,2
21,0
20,2
20,0
23,8
21,1
15,4
18,8
19,7
20,4
20,5
19,8
19,7
18,7
14,7
19,3
20,8
15,2
14,1
14,4
19,9
14,9
16,0
15,8
20,1
18,1
20,8
22,4
19,2
20,9
17,8
14,7
17,3
22,8
20,6
21,0
16,5
20,5
19,5
19,6
21,4
20,5
17,6
20,0
15,8
17,5
15,3
16,1
16,1
15,5
16,1
16,0
23,4
21,7
21,7
20,3
14,5
19,1
19,1
18,4
16,3
19,0
22,3
21,2
20,8
20,1
17,2
20,3
20,0
20,1
20,4
18,1
16,9
19,7
16,2
14,4
19,4
14,5
15,4
15,7
14,3
15,5
21,5
19,5
17,1
17,2
18,2
18,6
18,8
18,0
3
6
9
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
18,10
18,17
18,76
19,40
20,31
20,93
20,04
19,68
19,18
19,00
20,10
20,00
19,58
19,44
18,14
17,54
17,65
16,60
16,51
16,04
15,61
15,66
16,93
17,88
18,60
19,37
18,75
19,01
18,86
19,00
1,97
2,39
2,43
2,45
2,45
1,63
2,49
2,32
1,84
1,70
0,65
0,79
1,35
1,34
1,90
1,98
2,27
2,16
2,23
2,02
1,54
1,51
2,97
3,12
3,02
2,50
2,32
2,21
1,94
1,93
7,656
3,708
3,032
2,737
2,737
2,737
2,737
60
kc
2,737
2,690
2,642
2,595
2,547
2,500
2,452
2,405
2,357
2,310
2,262
2,215
2,167
2,120
k1,k
2,120
2,490
2,120
2,120
2,120
2,120
2,120
2,120
2,120
2,120
2,120
2,120
2,120
2,461
2,461
Xest
3,04
9,31
11,38
12,68
13,59
16,48
13,23
Xest
13,23
12,98
12,60
12,54
13,76
13,78
13,48
13,45
12,27
11,79
12,02
11,08
11,11
10,83
Xest
10,83
10,39
10,44
11,72
12,67
13,38
14,15
13,53
13,79
13,64
13,78
Equation
OK?
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Example 8
Example of statistical analysis of compressive strength using a special type of Rolling inspection:
Progressive Sampling
st
th
th
following equation:
0,63 ss 1,37
61
In the last column it is indicated whether the mentioned equation fits or does not fit. At batch 68 there is a
non-conformity. The manufacturer has to restart or he decides to continue working with the acceptance
coefficient k1,u. This means that the inspection lots have to be treated separately.
highlighted by a red signal at the right side (batch 2, 3, 4, 34 and 68). A non-conforming inspection lot has to
be treated separately as described in the text.
EXAMPLE 8
fractile p
confidence level
Inspection lot
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
62
95
95
test 1
6,78
8,36
8,64
8,41
8,25
7,44
8,57
6,25
7,83
7,40
8,57
8,27
7,67
8,13
6,53
7,85
7,20
7,95
7,39
5,96
6,26
5,60
7,15
6,01
7,88
6,01
5,91
7,05
5,51
5,87
7,59
8,64
6,72
4,91
8,21
8,48
7,87
7,36
8,11
6,50
7,38
7,78
8,11
8,70
7,46
7,76
6,46
7,78
6,73
7,47
6,98
6,35
6,35
5,53
6,68
5,86
7,40
6,42
5,80
6,57
5,71
5,78
10,46
11,26
8,90
11,50
5,89
10,50
test 2
test 3
Start correction
End correction
30
60
Xm
Ss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
6,78
7,57
7,92
8,05
8,09
7,98
8,06
7,84
7,84
7,79
7,86
7,90
7,88
7,90
7,81
7,88
7,80
7,75
7,69
7,53
7,46
7,26
7,32
7,20
7,23
7,06
6,90
6,86
6,69
6,64
6,62
6,72
6,64
6,47
6,62
6,77
6,92
6,94
7,08
6,98
7,07
7,20
7,27
7,48
7,59
7,60
7,45
7,52
7,65
7,60
7,50
7,40
7,33
7,16
7,17
7,07
7,04
6,93
6,74
6,68
6,54
6,49
6,67
6,97
7,07
7,37
7,34
7,62
#DEEL/0!
1,11
1,00
0,85
0,74
0,72
0,69
0,91
0,85
0,81
0,80
0,77
0,74
0,72
0,78
0,72
0,73
0,69
0,67
0,79
0,85
0,92
0,88
0,93
0,94
0,91
0,89
0,87
0,86
0,88
0,86
1,00
0,94
1,01
1,09
1,19
1,17
1,18
1,18
1,17
1,14
1,11
1,13
1,08
0,98
0,98
0,98
0,96
0,68
0,66
0,63
0,68
0,74
0,83
0,83
0,89
0,87
0,83
0,72
0,69
0,67
0,69
1,21
1,69
1,76
2,10
2,12
2,25
15
Declared Value
1,009
k1,u
26,260
7,656
5,144
4,203
3,708
3,400
3,188
3,032
2,911
2,815
2,737
2,671
2,615
2,567
2,567
2,567
2,567
2,567
2,567
2,567
2,567
2,567
2,567
2,567
2,567
2,567
2,567
2,567
2,567
kc
2,567
2,550
2,534
2,517
2,501
2,484
2,468
2,451
2,434
2,418
2,401
2,385
2,368
2,352
2,335
2,319
2,302
2,285
2,269
2,252
2,236
2,219
2,203
2,186
2,169
2,153
2,136
2,120
2,103
2,087
2,070
k1,k
2,070
1,009
2,070
2,070
2,070
2,070
2,070
2,070
2,070
2,070
2,070
0,974
0,974
Xest
-21,69
0,26
3,66
4,96
5,32
5,71
4,95
5,27
5,44
5,60
5,78
5,89
6,02
5,81
6,02
5,93
5,97
5,95
5,51
5,26
4,90
5,07
4,82
4,81
4,72
4,61
4,63
4,48
4,37
Xest
4,05
4,05
4,16
4,10
3,95
4,12
4,28
4,45
4,48
4,64
4,56
4,67
4,81
4,90
5,13
5,25
5,28
5,15
5,24
5,37
5,34
5,26
5,17
5,12
4,97
5,00
4,91
4,90
4,81
4,63
4,66
Xest
4,66
4,52
4,48
4,66
4,96
5,05
5,35
5,32
5,60
Equation
OK?
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
NOK
Example 9
Example of statistical analysis of compressive strength using a special type of Rolling inspection:
Progressive Sampling
This example is similar to example 8. The only difference is that the confidence level in this example is 75 %.

st
th
th
following equation:
0,63 ss 1,37
63
In the last column it is indicated whether the mentioned equation fits or does not fit. At batch 68 there is a
non-conformity. The manufacturer has to restart or he decides to continue working with the acceptance
coefficient k1,u. This means that the inspection lots have to be treated separately.
highlighted by a red signal at the right side (batch 2 and 68). A non-conforming inspection lot has to be
treated separately as described in the text.
EXAMPLE 9
fractile p
confidence level
Inspection lot
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
64
95
75
test 1
6,78
8,36
8,64
8,41
8,25
7,44
8,57
6,25
7,83
7,40
8,57
8,27
7,67
8,13
6,53
7,85
7,20
7,95
7,39
5,96
6,26
5,60
7,15
6,01
7,88
6,01
5,91
7,05
5,51
5,87
7,59
8,64
6,72
4,91
8,21
8,48
7,87
7,36
8,11
6,50
7,38
7,78
8,11
8,70
7,46
7,76
6,46
7,78
6,73
7,47
6,98
6,35
6,35
5,53
6,68
5,86
7,40
6,42
5,80
6,57
5,71
5,78
10,46
11,26
8,90
11,50
5,89
10,50
test 2
test 3
Start correction
End correction
30
60
Xm
Ss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
6,78
7,57
7,92
8,05
8,09
7,98
8,06
7,84
7,84
7,79
7,86
7,90
7,88
7,90
7,81
7,88
7,80
7,75
7,69
7,53
7,46
7,26
7,32
7,20
7,23
7,06
6,90
6,86
6,69
6,64
6,62
6,72
6,64
6,47
6,62
6,77
6,92
6,94
7,08
6,98
7,07
7,20
7,27
7,48
7,59
7,60
7,45
7,52
7,65
7,60
7,50
7,40
7,33
7,16
7,17
7,07
7,04
6,93
6,74
6,68
6,54
6,49
6,67
6,97
7,07
7,37
7,34
7,62
#DEEL/0!
1,11
1,00
0,85
0,74
0,72
0,69
0,91
0,85
0,81
0,80
0,77
0,74
0,72
0,78
0,72
0,73
0,69
0,67
0,79
0,85
0,92
0,88
0,93
0,94
0,91
0,89
0,87
0,86
0,88
0,86
1,00
0,94
1,01
1,09
1,19
1,17
1,18
1,18
1,17
1,14
1,11
1,13
1,08
0,98
0,98
0,98
0,96
0,68
0,66
0,63
0,68
0,74
0,83
0,83
0,89
0,87
0,83
0,72
0,69
0,67
0,69
1,21
1,69
1,76
2,10
2,12
2,25
15
Declared Value
1,009
k1,u
5,122
3,152
2,681
2,464
2,336
2,251
2,189
2,142
2,104
2,074
2,048
2,026
2,008
1,991
1,991
1,991
1,991
1,991
1,991
1,991
1,991
1,991
1,991
1,991
1,991
1,991
1,991
1,991
1,991
kc
1,991
1,985
1,980
1,974
1,968
1,963
1,957
1,951
1,945
1,940
1,934
1,928
1,923
1,917
1,911
1,906
1,900
1,894
1,888
1,883
1,877
1,871
1,866
1,860
1,854
1,849
1,843
1,837
1,831
1,826
1,820
k1,k
1,820
1,009
1,820
1,820
1,820
1,820
1,820
1,820
1,820
1,820
1,820
0,974
0,974
Xest
1,86
4,77
5,76
6,25
6,31
6,51
5,86
6,02
6,09
6,20
6,31
6,37
6,45
6,26
6,44
6,35
6,37
6,34
5,96
5,76
5,43
5,57
5,35
5,35
5,24
5,13
5,13
4,98
4,88
Xest
4,63
4,62
4,72
4,65
4,49
4,64
4,80
4,95
4,97
5,12
5,03
5,13
5,26
5,34
5,55
5,67
5,68
5,54
5,62
5,75
5,70
5,61
5,51
5,45
5,29
5,30
5,21
5,19
5,08
4,89
4,90
Xest
4,90
4,77
4,72
4,90
5,20
5,30
5,60
5,57
5,84
Equation
OK?
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
NOK
Example10
Example of statistical analysis of gross dry density using Rolling inspection.

One-sided tolerance interval, upper limit
The declared mean gross dry density is 700 kg/m
following equation:
0,63 ss 1,37
65
EXAMPLE 10
ONE SIDED TOLERANCE INTERVAL-upper limit
fractile p
confidence level
Inspection lot
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
66
50
90
Start correction
End correction
7
20
Declared Value
700
20,92845
test 2
test 3
Xm
Ss
k1,u
603,00
632,0
681,0
663,00
672,0
657,0
672,00
680,0
693,0
659,00
662,0
638,0
672,00
669,0
682,0
626,00
655,0
662,0
653,00
656,0
652,0
658,0
662,0
632,00
692,0
636,0
618,00
635,0
668,0
637,00
662,0
669,0
676,00
696,0
685,0
668,00
671,0
639,0
628,00
638,0
652,0
663,00
672,0
672,0
628,00
680,0
657,0
672,00
662,0
666,0
668,00
669,0
692,0
683,00
655,0
691,0
641,00
656,0
682,0
698,00
658,0
682,0
665,00
692,0
688,0
671,00
635,0
618,0
662,00
662,0
619,0
638,00
696,0
668,0
673,00
671,0
667,0
655,00
682,0
662,0
672,00
662,0
672,0
672,00
652,0
672,0
662,00
662,0
669,0
628,00
516,0
676,0
667,00
668,0
698,0
619,00
669,0
626,0
652,00
685,0
652,0
638,67
651,33
661,44
659,33
668,25
664,17
657,17
659,58
654,33
652,50
653,08
658,83
660,33
660,08
663,33
655,67
657,50
666,75
668,58
669,75
672,92
674,25
665,50
662,50
659,50
656,67
662,92
668,17
667,67
666,17
651,25
653,50
646,67
646,33
39,43
28,93
27,95
24,78
14,07
18,61
14,82
13,79
17,54
19,92
21,21
26,31
23,10
21,30
20,31
18,35
17,61
15,18
17,62
15,34
17,77
18,35
24,81
26,78
26,75
23,83
19,73
14,10
8,48
8,47
44,55
46,23
47,14
47,68
1,089
0,603
0,466
0,394
0,394
0,394
0,394
668,00
3
6
9
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
test 1
kc
0,394
0,392
0,390
0,388
0,387
0,385
0,383
0,381
0,379
0,377
0,376
0,374
0,372
0,370
k1,k
0,370
20,928
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
20,217
20,217
Xest
681,60
668,78
674,47
669,10
673,79
671,50
663,01
Xest
665,41
667,79
662,50
660,63
661,17
666,89
668,35
668,06
671,27
663,56
665,36
674,57
676,37
677,23
Xest
677,23
680,40
681,73
672,98
669,98
666,98
664,15
670,40
675,65
675,15
673,65
658,73
660,98
654,15
653,81
Equation
OK?
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Example 11
Example of statistical analysis of net dry density using Rolling inspection.

The declared mean net dry density is 1400 kg/m
following equation:
0,63 ss 1,37
67
The last column makes the link to EN 1745 Annex A to calculate the 10,dry (50/90) value of the material.
EXAMPLE 11
fractile p
confidence level
Inspection lot
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
68
50
90
Start correction
End correction

20
test 2
test 3
Xm
Ss
k1,u
1206,00
1264,0
1362,0
1326,00
1344,0
1314,0
1344,00
1360,0
1386,0
1318,00
1324,0
1276,0
1344,00
1338,0
1364,0
1252,00
1310,0
1324,0
1306,00
1312,0
1304,0
1316,0
1324,0
1264,00
1384,0
1272,0
1236,00
1270,0
1336,0
1274,00
1324,0
1338,0
1352,00
1392,0
1370,0
1336,00
1342,0
1278,0
1256,00
1276,0
1304,0
1326,00
1344,0
1344,0
1256,00
1360,0
1314,0
1344,00
1324,0
1332,0
1336,00
1338,0
1384,0
1366,00
1310,0
1382,0
1282,00
1312,0
1364,0
1396,00
1316,0
1364,0
1330,00
1384,0
1376,0
1342,00
1270,0
1236,0
1324,00
1324,0
1238,0
1276,00
1392,0
1336,0
1346,00
1342,0
1334,0
1310,00
1364,0
1324,0
1344,00
1324,0
1344,0
1344,00
1304,0
1344,0
1324,00
1324,0
1338,0
1256,00
1032,0
1352,0
1334,00
1336,0
1396,0
1238,00
1338,0
1252,0
1277,33
1302,67
1322,89
1318,67
1336,50
1328,33
1314,33
1319,17
1308,67
1305,00
1306,17
1317,67
1320,67
1320,17
1326,67
1311,33
1315,00
1333,50
1337,17
1339,50
1345,83
1348,50
1331,00
1325,00
1319,00
1313,33
1325,83
1336,33
1335,33
1332,33
1302,50
1307,00
1293,33
78,85
57,86
55,90
49,55
28,13
37,21
29,64
27,59
35,08
39,83
42,42
52,61
46,20
42,59
40,63
36,69
35,22
30,37
35,25
30,68
35,55
36,70
49,63
53,56
53,51
47,67
39,46
28,20
16,96
16,95
89,10
92,46
94,29
1,089
0,603
0,466
0,394
0,394
0,394
0,394
1336,00
3
6
9
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
test 1
kc
0,394
0,392
0,390
0,388
0,387
0,385
0,383
0,381
0,379
0,377
0,376
0,374
0,372
0,370
Declared Value
1400
41,8569
k1,k
0,370 41,857
0,370 40,433
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
0,370
40,433
Xest
1363,20
1337,56
1348,94
1338,19
1347,58
1342,99
1326,01
Xest
1330,82
1335,58
1325,00
1321,26
1322,35
1333,77
1336,69
1336,12
1342,54
1327,13
1330,72
1349,14
1352,73
1354,46
Xest
Equation
OK?
1354,46
1360,79
1363,46
1345,96
1339,96
1333,96
1328,29
1340,79
1351,29
1350,29
1347,29
1317,46
1321,96
1308,29
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
10,dry
(50/90)material
concrete
0,383
0,357
0,368
0,357
0,367
0,362
0,345
0,355
0,344
0,340
0,341
0,353
0,356
0,355
0,362
0,346
0,350
0,369
0,372
0,374
0,381
0,384
0,365
0,359
0,353
0,347
0,360
0,371
0,370
0,367
0,336
0,340
0,326
Example 12
This example is similar to example 11. The only difference is that the confidence level in this example is 50 %
and the numbers of series of inspection lots is 5.

The declared mean net dry density is 1400 kg/m
unknown and the k1,u factor taken from Annex A Table A5 (p: 50 % and : 50 %) is 0,000, which means that
xest = xm. For the inspection lots 8 20 the standard deviation can be considered as known. The acceptance
coefficient for the known standard deviation k1,k is taken from Annex A Table A1 (p: 50 % and : 50 %) and is
0,000, which means that xest = xm. The known standard deviation is calculated based on the first 21 test
results.
following equation:
0,63 ss 1,37
69
EXAMPLE 12
fractile p
confidence level
Inspection lot
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
70
50
50
Start correction
End correction
7
20
Declared Value
1400
41,8569
test 2
test 3
Xm
Ss
k1,u
1206,00
1264,0
1362,0
1326,00
1344,0
1314,0
1344,00
1360,0
1386,0
1318,00
1324,0
1276,0
1344,00
1338,0
1364,0
1252,00
1310,0
1324,0
1306,00
1312,0
1304,0
1316,0
1324,0
1264,00
1384,0
1272,0
1236,00
1270,0
1336,0
1274,00
1324,0
1338,0
1352,00
1392,0
1370,0
1336,00
1342,0
1278,0
1256,00
1276,0
1304,0
1326,00
1344,0
1344,0
1256,00
1360,0
1314,0
1344,00
1324,0
1332,0
1336,00
1338,0
1384,0
1366,00
1310,0
1382,0
1282,00
1312,0
1364,0
1396,00
1316,0
1364,0
1330,00
1384,0
1376,0
1342,00
1270,0
1236,0
1324,00
1324,0
1238,0
1276,00
1392,0
1336,0
1346,00
1342,0
1334,0
1310,00
1364,0
1324,0
1344,00
1324,0
1344,0
1344,00
1304,0
1344,0
1324,00
1324,0
1338,0
1256,00
1032,0
1352,0
1334,00
1336,0
1396,0
1238,00
1338,0
1252,0
1304,00
1370,0
1304,0
1277,33
1302,67
1322,89
1318,67
1324,67
1328,27
1324,13
1316,53
1316,67
1303,07
1306,40
1319,20
1317,87
1312,27
1323,73
1323,33
1315,73
1322,53
1337,33
1333,60
1343,33
1349,33
1335,33
1323,87
1326,93
1323,33
1317,20
1328,13
1335,20
1334,00
1308,53
1313,07
1300,80
1299,87
78,85
57,86
55,90
49,55
45,94
33,47
34,15
26,93
35,61
38,35
37,64
46,90
48,51
45,41
38,67
41,62
33,99
36,37
31,49
35,73
32,16
34,16
47,11
50,05
52,45
48,32
44,29
35,57
26,58
15,58
80,66
83,02
85,44
85,88
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
1336,00
3
6
9
12
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
test 1
kc
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
k1,k
0,000
41,857
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
40,433
40,433
Xest
1277,33
1302,67
1322,89
1318,67
1324,67
1328,27
1324,13
Xest
1324,13
1316,53
1316,67
1303,07
1306,40
1319,20
1317,87
1312,27
1323,73
1323,33
1315,73
1322,53
1337,33
1333,60
Xest
1333,60
1343,33
1349,33
1335,33
1323,87
1326,93
1323,33
1317,20
1328,13
1335,20
1334,00
1308,53
1313,07
1300,80
1299,87
Equation
OK?
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
10,dry
(50/50)material
clay
0,291
0,301
0,309
0,308
0,310
0,312
0,310
0,307
0,307
0,301
0,303
0,308
0,307
0,305
0,310
0,310
0,306
0,309
0,315
0,314
0,318
0,320
0,314
0,310
0,311
0,310
0,307
0,312
0,314
0,314
0,304
0,305
0,300
0,300
Example 13
This example is similar to example 11. The only difference is that the declared value is a 90 % characteristic
value and the number of series of inspection lots is l = 5.

The declared 90 % characteristic net dry density is 1400 kg/m
following equation:
0,63 ss 1,37
71
highlighted by a red signal at the right side (batch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 21, 22, 23 and 29). A non-conforming
inspection lot has to be treated separately as described in the text.
EXAMPLE 13
fractile p
confidence level
Inspection lot
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
72
90
90
Start correction
End correction
7
20
Declared Value
1400
41,8569
test 2
test 3
Xm
Ss
k1,u
1206,00
1264,0
1362,0
1326,00
1344,0
1314,0
1344,00
1360,0
1386,0
1318,00
1324,0
1276,0
1344,00
1338,0
1364,0
1252,00
1310,0
1324,0
1306,00
1312,0
1304,0
1316,0
1324,0
1264,00
1384,0
1272,0
1236,00
1270,0
1336,0
1274,00
1324,0
1338,0
1352,00
1392,0
1370,0
1336,00
1342,0
1278,0
1256,00
1276,0
1304,0
1326,00
1344,0
1344,0
1256,00
1360,0
1314,0
1344,00
1324,0
1332,0
1336,00
1338,0
1384,0
1366,00
1310,0
1382,0
1282,00
1312,0
1364,0
1396,00
1316,0
1364,0
1330,00
1384,0
1376,0
1342,00
1270,0
1236,0
1324,00
1324,0
1238,0
1276,00
1392,0
1336,0
1346,00
1342,0
1334,0
1310,00
1364,0
1324,0
1344,00
1324,0
1344,0
1344,00
1304,0
1344,0
1324,00
1324,0
1338,0
1256,00
1032,0
1352,0
1334,00
1336,0
1396,0
1238,00
1338,0
1252,0
1277,33
1302,67
1322,89
1318,67
1324,67
1328,27
1324,13
1316,53
1316,67
1303,07
1306,40
1319,20
1317,87
1312,27
1323,73
1323,33
1315,73
1322,53
1337,33
1333,60
1343,33
1349,33
1335,33
1323,87
1326,93
1323,33
1317,20
1328,13
1335,20
1334,00
1308,53
1313,07
1300,80
78,85
57,86
55,90
49,55
45,94
33,47
34,15
26,93
35,61
38,35
37,64
46,90
48,51
45,41
38,67
41,62
33,99
36,37
31,49
35,73
32,16
34,16
47,11
50,05
52,45
48,32
44,29
35,57
26,58
15,58
80,66
83,02
85,44
4,259
2,494
2,133
1,967
1,867
1,867
1,867
1336,00
3
6
9
12
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
test 1
kc
1,867
1,847
1,828
1,808
1,789
1,769
1,750
1,730
1,711
1,691
1,672
1,652
1,633
1,613
k1,k
1,613
41,857
1,613
1,613
1,613
1,613
1,613
1,613
1,613
1,613
1,613
1,613
1,613
1,613
1,613
1,613
40,433
40,433
Xest
1613,16
1446,98
1442,13
1416,14
1410,43
1390,76
1387,88
Xest
1402,28
1393,86
1393,18
1378,76
1381,28
1393,26
1391,11
1384,69
1395,34
1394,12
1385,70
1391,68
1405,67
1398,82
Xest
1398,82
1408,55
1414,55
1400,55
1389,09
1392,15
1388,55
1382,42
1393,35
1400,42
1399,22
1373,75
1378,29
1366,02
Equation
OK?
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
10,dry
(90/90)material
0,427
0,360
0,358
0,347
0,345
0,337
0,336
0,338
0,338
0,332
0,333
0,338
0,337
0,335
0,339
0,338
0,335
0,337
0,343
0,340
0,344
0,347
0,341
0,336
0,338
0,336
0,334
0,338
0,341
0,340
0,330
0,332
0,327
Example 14
Example of TWO-SIDED statistical analysis of dimension using Rolling inspection.

Two-sided tolerance interval
The manufacturer wants to have the mean value of the length of the green units between 242 mm and 247
mm
standard deviation and xest (equation 8) according to clause 5.6.6 using k2,k taken from Annex A Table A10
(p: 50 % and : 75 %)) and the spot sample size is still limited to the last 12 samples.
following equation:
0,63 ss 1,37
73
highlighted by a red signal at the right side (batch 5, 6, 7, 14, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24 and 25). A non-conforming
inspection lots give a warning to the manufacturer to take some corrective actions.
EXAMPLE 14
2,166
TWO SIDED TOLERANCE INTERVAL-lower limit
fractile p
confidence level
50
75
Start correction
End correction
7
20
Inspection lot
test 1
test 2
test 3
Xm
Ss
k1,u
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
244
245
246
247
242
241
245
247
243
244
246
245
245
246
245
244
248
247
245
244
246
245
245
247
245
243
245
247
247
246
242
242
246
246
244
244
246
245
245
245
244
245
248
246
245
245
245
246
246
246
244
244
246
246
247
246
241
242
247
246
243
243
246
246
244
245
243
244
247
248
245
245
248
248
247
247
244
245
3
6
9
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
245,00
245,50
245,89
246,00
245,17
244,08
243,92
243,92
244,33
244,83
244,83
244,58
244,92
245,33
244,83
244,58
245,33
245,75
246,00
246,08
245,75
245,58
245,83
246,33
245,83
245,25
1,00
1,05
1,05
0,95
2,21
2,57
2,43
2,43
2,10
1,53
1,47
1,24
1,00
0,65
0,83
0,79
1,61
1,82
1,54
1,44
1,29
1,24
1,27
1,07
1,27
1,36
1,492
1,009
0,9
0,85
0,85
0,85
0,85
74
kc
0,850
0,839
0,829
0,818
0,808
0,797
0,787
0,776
0,766
0,755
0,745
0,734
0,724
0,713
k1,k
Declared Value lower limit

Declared Value upper limit
0,713
2,166
0,713
0,713
0,713
0,713
0,713
0,713
0,713
1,677
Xest lower
limit
243,508
244,442
244,940
245,190
243,289
241,895
241,852
Xest
upper
limit
246,492
246,5582
246,8376
246,8104
247,0441
246,2718
245,9816
242
247
Xest lower
limit
242,076
242,099
242,538
243,061
243,084
242,857
243,213
243,652
243,175
242,948
243,721
244,160
244,433
244,888
1,677
Xest
upper
limit
245,7576
245,7347
246,1286
246,6058
246,5829
246,3101
246,6206
247,0145
246,4916
246,2188
246,946
247,3398
247,567
247,2791
Xest lower Xest upper

limit
limit
244,888
244,554
244,388
244,638
245,138
244,638
244,054
247,279
246,946
246,779
247,029
247,529
247,029
246,446
Equation
OK?
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Bibliography
[1] ISO 12491, Statistical method for quality control of building materials and components
[2] ISO 16269-6, Statistical interpretation of data Part 6: Determination of statistical tolerance intervals
75

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CEN/TC 125

N1037 CEN TR Evaluation of conformity for masonry units

Other meeting document

CEN/TC 125 N 1037

WI 00125157 Pr CEN TR XXX: 2012

Specifications for masonry units Evaluation of conformity for masonry

Document type: Technical Report

prCEN/TR XXX:2012 (E)

Reference list .........................................................................................................................................5

Factory production control ...................................................................................................................6

Initial type tests ................................................................................................................................... 28

prCEN/TR XXX:2012 (E)

prCEN/TR XXX:2012 (E)

is the acceptance coefficient

is the acceptance coefficient one-sided tolerance interval

is the acceptance coefficient two-sided tolerance interval

is the corrected acceptance coefficient

is the acceptance coefficient for known standard deviation

is the acceptance coefficient for unknown standard deviation

is the number of test samples within the spot sample

is the mean test result

is the test result for test sample i

is the number of the individual test sample

is the estimated test result of the spot sample

is the standard deviation of the test results

is the standard deviation of the test results of a spot sample

is the known standard deviation

is the number of inspection lots

10,dry,unit is the thermal conductivity of the unit

is the confidence level

prCEN/TR XXX:2012 (E)

Specification for masonry units Part 1: Clay masonry units

Specification for masonry units Part 2: Calcium silicate masonry units

Specification for masonry units Part 4: Autoclaved aerated concrete masonry

Specification for masonry units Part 5: Manufactured stone masonry units

Specification for masonry units Part 6: Natural stone masonry units

Eurocode - Basis of structural design

Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures - Part 2: Design considerations,

Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures - Part 3: Simplified calculation methods

initial type testing of the product (ITT)

factory production control (FPC).

prCEN/TR XXX:2012 (E)

Factory production control

prCEN/TR XXX:2012 (E)

5.2 Testing and measuring equipment

5.3 Production equipment

5.4 Raw materials

prCEN/TR XXX:2012 (E)

5.5 Production process

prCEN/TR XXX:2012 (E)

5.6 Finished product testing

prCEN/TR XXX:2012 (E)

The production is divided into inspection lots.

same raw materials

raw material mixing lots or

Spot sampling and sample sizes

Figure 3 An example of representative sampling

prCEN/TR XXX:2012 (E)

size of the inspection lot should be decided based on:

how close the declared value is to the test value

These decisions allow the manufacturer to manage his own risks.

Figure 4 Example of variation in mean compressive strength over time