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Monomios
b) 3x 3
c) 1 x 2
2
d) 3 x
4
e) 1 x
3
h) 4 x 2
5
f) x 3
a) Grado 2
b) Grado 3
c) Grado 2
d) Grado 1
e) Grado 1
f ) Grado 3
g) Grado 0
h) Grado 2
i) Grado 0
g) 3
Son semejantes:
i) 1
5
2x 2, 1 x 2, 4 x 2
2
5
3
3
3x , x
3 x, 1 x
4
3
3, 1
5
b) 4x 3
c) 2x
d) x 2
e) 1 x 2
2
f) 1 x
4
Para x = 2
Para x = 1
2
a) 3 (1) 2 = 3
3 2 2 = 3 4 = 12
3 1
2
=3 1 = 3
4 4
b) 4 (1) 3 = 4
4 2 3 = 4 8 = 32
4 1
2
=4 1 = 1
8 2
c) 2 (1) = 2
2 2 = 4
2 1 = 1
2
d) (1) 2 = 1
2 2 = 4
1
2
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Para x = 1
()
()
()
= 1
4
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()
e) 1 (1) 2 = 1
2
2
1 22 = 1 4 = 2
2
2
1 1
2 2
= 1 1 = 1
2 4 8
f ) 1 (1) = 1
4
4
1 2 = 1
4
2
1 1 = 1
4 2
8
3 Simplifica:
a) 2x 6 3x 6 x 6
b) 3x 2 x 2 + 5x 2
c) 1 x 3 x + x
2
4
d) 2 x 2 1 x 2 + x 2
5
10
f) 5 x 2 + 1 x 2 + 2x 2
2
2
e) 2x 3 + x 3 3x 3
a) 2x 6 3x 6 x 6 = (2 3 1)x 6 = 2x 6
b) 3x 2 x 2 + 5x 2 (3 1 + 5)x 2 = 7x 2
) (
c) 1 x 3 x + x = 1 3 + 1 x = 2 3 + 4 x = 3 x
2
4
2 4
4 4 4
4
) (
d) 2 x 2 1 x 2 + x 2 = 2 1 + 1 x 2 = 4 1 + 10 x 2 = 13 x 2
5
10
5 10
10 10 10
10
e) 2x 3 + x 3 3x 3 = (2 + 1 3)x 3 = 4x 3
) (
f ) 5 x 2 + 1 x 2 + 2x 2 = 5 + 1 + 2 x 2 = 4 + 2 x 2 = 0x 2 = 0
2
2
2 2
2
b) A B
c) 3A + 2B
d) A 3
e) C 2
f) A 2 + C 8
g) A B
h) A C
i) B C
j) B : A
k) A : B
l) B : C
A = 5x 4
B = 20x 4
C = 2x
a) A + B = 5x 4 + 20x 4 = 15x 4
b) A B = 5x 4 20x 4 = 25x 4
c) 3A + 2B = 3 (5x 4) + 2 (20x 4) = 15x 4 + 40x 4 = 25x 4
d) A 3 = (5x 4) 3 = 125x 12
e) C 2 = (2x) 2 = 4x 2
f ) A 2 + C 8 = (5x 4) 2 + (2x) 8 = 25x 8 + 256x 8 = 281x 8
g) A B = (5x 4) (20x 4) = 100x 8
Unidad 5. Polinomios, operaciones
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b) 2x 3 (x 2) 5x
c) 3 x 3 (2x 2) 2x
4
d) x 1 x 3 x
2
5
e) 1 x 3x 2 (x)
3
f) 2 x 2 3 x 10 x 2
5
4
3
( )
( )
d) x 1 x 3 x = 3 x 3 Grado 3
2
5
10
e) 1 x 3x 2 (x) = x 4 Grado 4
3
f ) 2 x 2 3 x 10 x 2 = 2 3 10 x 5 = x 5 Grado 5
5
4
3
5 4 3
6 Efecta las siguientes divisiones de monomios y di cul es el grado de cada monomio resultante:
a) (8x 3) : (2x 2)
b) (4x 6) : (2x)
c) (3x 3) : (2x 2)
d) (18x 3) : (2x 3)
3
e) 20x2
2x
6
f) 15x2
3x
2
g) 120x
10x
3
h) 7x2
2x
2
i) 2x2
x
j) 5x
5x
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j) 5x = 1 Grado 0
5x
Polinomios
7 Indica cul es el grado de los siguientes polinomios (recuerda que deben estar
en forma reducida):
a) 2x 4 3x 2 + 4x
b) x 2 3x 3 + 2x
c) x 2 3x 2 + 4x 3
d) 1 x 3 + 3x 2
2
f) 1 x 5 3 x 2
4
5
h) 1 x + 3x
3
e) 3x 3 2x 2 3x 3
g) 2x + 3
a) Grado 4
b) Grado 3
c) Grado 3
d) Grado 3
e) 2x 2 Grado 2
f ) Grado 5
g) Grado 1
h) Grado 1
b) x 2 3x + 1
c) 1 x 2 + 3x
2
d) 3 x 3 2x + 1
4
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Para x = 0
Para x = 1
Para x = 2
a) 0 3 2 0 2 + 3 = 3
(1) 3 2 (1) 2 + 3 = 0
8 8+3=3
b) 0 2 3 0 + 1 = 1
1+3+1=5
4 6 + 1 = 1
c) 1 0 2 + 3 0 = 0
2
d) 3 0 3 2 0 + 1 = 1
4
1 3=5
2
2
3 +2+1= 9
4
4
2+6=8
64+1=3
M(x) = 3x 2 5x 3;
K (x) = x 2 1 x + 2
3
3
Calcula:
a) 2M (x) + 4N (x) + 3K (x)
b) M (x) 2N (x)
c) M (x) + 3N (x) K (x)
M(x) = 3x 2 5x 3;
N(x) = 1 x 2 + 3 x + 1;
2
4
K(x) = x 2 1 x + 2
3
3
a) 2M(x) = 6x 2 10x 6
3K(x) = 3x 2 x + 2
3
b) 2N(x) = x 2 + x + 2
2
3
2N(x) = x 2 x 2
2
M(x) 2N(x) = 2x 2 13 x 5
3
3
9
c) 3N(x) = x 2 + x + 3
2
4
1
2
K(x) = x 2 + x
3
3
10 Opera y simplifica:
a) (5x 2) (3 2x)
b) x (x 3) (2x 1)
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11 Opera y simplifica:
a) 3x 3 (2x 2 3x + 5)
b) (x 2 5x) (x 3 + 2x)
c) (x 3 2x + 3) (x 2 + 4x 1)
d) (3x 2 2x + 2) (x 3 + 3x 2)
a) 3x 3 (2x 2 3x + 5) = 6x 5 9x 4 + 15x 3
b) (x 2 5x) (x 3 + 2x) = x 5 + 2x 3 5x 4 10x 2
c) (x 3 2x + 3) (x 2 + 4x 1) =
= x 5 + 4x 4 x 3 2x 3 8x 2 + 2x + 3x 2 + 12x 3 =
= x 5 + 4x 4 3x 3 5x 2 + 14x 3
d) (3x 2 2x + 2) (x 3 + 3x 2) =
= 3x 5 + 9x 3 6x 2 2x 4 6x 2 + 4x + 2x 3 + 6x 4 =
= 3x 5 2x 4 + 11x 3 12x 2 + 10x 4
12 Calcula y simplifica:
a) (3x 2) 2
b) (x + 2) 2
c) (x + 2) 3
d) (x + 2) 4
e) (x 2 2x + 2) 2
f) (x 2 + x 3) 2
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b) (3x 1) 2
c) (x + 5) (x 5)
d) (x 1) 2
( )
( )( )
(
(
)
)(
e) 3x + 1
3
f) 2x 1
2
g) x + 1
5
x 1
5
h) 2x 1 2x + 1
2
2
a) (4x + 1) 2 = 16x 2 + 8x + 1
b) (3x 1) 2 = 9x 2 6x + 1
c) (x + 5)(x 5) = x 2 25
d) (x 1) 2 = x 2 2x + 1
( )
( )( )
e) 3x + 1
3
= 9x 2 + 2x + 1
9
g) x + 1 x 1 = x 2 1
5
5
25
(
(
f ) 2x 1
2
)
)(
2
= 4x 2 2x + 1
4
h) 2x 1 2x + 1 = 4x 2 1
2
2
4
14 Completa:
a) (x + 7) (x 7) = 2 2
b) (x + 1) (x 1) =
c) (2 + x) (2 x) =
a) (x + 7)(x 7) = x 2 7 2
b) (x + 1)(x 1) = x 2 1 2
c) (2 + x)(2 x) = 2 2 x 2
(x 2
4) (x 2
b) (5 2x) (5 + 2x)
d) (x 2 2x) (x 2 + 2x)
4)
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a) (x 5 + 7x 3 5x + 1) : (x 3 + 2x)
| x 3 + 2x
x 5 + 7x 3 5x + 1
x 5 2x 3
x2 + 5
C(x)
5x 3 5x
5x 3 10x
15x + 1
R (x)
b) (x 3 5x 2 + x) : (x 2 1)
| x2 1
x 3 5x 2 + x
x 3
+ x
x5
C(x)
5x 2 + 2x
5x 2
2x 5
R(x)
c) (x 3 5x 2 + x) : (2x 2 1)
x 3 5x 2 +
x 3
| 2x 2 1
+ (1/2)x
(1/2)x 5/2
C(x)
5x 2 + (3/2)x
5x 2
5/2
(3/2)x 5/2
R (x)
| x2 x + 1
a) 3x 2 7x + 5
3x 2 + 3x 3
4x + 2
b) x 3 x
C(x)
R(x)
| x2 1
x 3 + x
0
C(x)
R(x)
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c) x 3 3x 2
x 3
| x2 + 1
2
x
x3
C (x)
3x 2 x 2
3x 2
+3
x+1
R (x)
3
3
0
6
6
2
12
10
5
20
25
2
50
| 48
C(x) = 3x 3 + 6x 2 + 10x + 25
R = 48
b) (x 4 + 2x 3 3x + 1) : (x + 1)
1
1
1
2
1
3
0
3
3
3
3
0
1
0
1
C(x) = x 3 + 3x 2 + 3x
R=1
c) (3x 3 + 2x 2 x) : (x + 2)
2
3
3
2
6
4
1
0
8 14
7 | 14
C(x) = 3x 2 4x + 7
R = 14
0 27
9 27
9 | 0
C(x) = x 2 + 3x + 9
R=0
d) (x 3 27) : (x 3)
3
1
1
0
3
3
e) (x 4 x 2) : (x + 1)
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
C(x) = x 3 x 2
R=0
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b) (x 4 + x 2 20) : (x + 2)
c) (2x 4 + x 2 3x) : (x 1)
d) (x 4 81) : (x 3)
( )
e) (3x 4 7x 3 3x 2 x) : x + 2
3
a) (x 4 2x 3 + 5x 1) : (x 2)
2
1
1
2
2
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
1
10
| 9
C(x) = x 3 + 5
R=9
b) (x 4 + x 2 20) : (x + 2)
2
1
1
0
2
2
1
0 20
4 10 20
5 10 | 0
C(x) = x 3 2x 2 + 5x 10
R=0
c) (2x 4 + x 2 3x) : (x 1)
1
2
2
0
2
2
1
2
3
3
3
0
0
9
9
0 81
27 81
27 | 0
0
0
0
C(x) = 2x 3 + 2x 2 + 3x
R=0
d) (x 4 81) : (x 3)
3
1
1
0
3
3
C(x) = x 3 + 3x 2 + 9x + 27
R=0
( )
e) (3x 4 7x 3 3x 2 x) : x + 2
3
2/3
7
2
9
3
6
3
1
2
3
0
2
2
C(x) = 3x 3 9x 2 + 3x 3
R=2
P I E N S A Y R E S U E LV E
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23
a) (x 3) 2 = x 2 x + 9
b) (2x + 1) 2 = 4x 2 + x + 1
c) (x + ) 2 = x 2 + 8x + 16
d) (3x ) 2 = x 2 x + 4
a) (x 3) 2 = x 2 6x + 9
b) (2x + 1) 2 = 4x 2 + 4x + 1
c) (x + 4) 2 = x 2 + 8x + 16
d) (3x 2) 2 = 9x 2 12x + 4
( E S T R E S U E LTO E N E L L I B RO ) .
24 Desarrolla y simplifica:
a) (x 4) 2 + (x 2) (x + 2)
b) (2x 1) 2 2 (x + 1) 2
d) (5x 1) 2 2 (4x 1) 2
a) (x 4) 2 + (x 2)(x + 2) = x 2 8x + 16 + x 2 4 = 2x 2 8x + 12
b) (2x 1) 2 2(x + 1) 2 = 4x 2 4x + 1 2(x 2 + 2x + 1) =
= 4x 2 4x + 1 2x 2 4x 2 = 2x 2 8x 1
c) (3x 1) 2 (2x + 1)(2x 1) = 9x 2 6x + 1 (4x 2 1) =
= 9x 2 6x + 1 4x 2 + 1 = 5x 2 6x + 2
d) (5x 1) 2 2(4x 1) 2 = 25x 2 10x + 1 2 (16x 2 8x + 1) =
= 25x 2 10x + 1 32x 2 + 16x 2 = 7x 2 + 6x 1
25 Opera y reduce:
( )
( )
2
b) x + 3 (x 1)
5
4
a) x 3
2
2x 1
4
a) x 3
2
2
2
2x 1 = (x 3) 2x 1 = x 6x + 9 2x + 1 =
4
4
4
4
2
= x 8x + 10
4
2
2
2
b) x + 3 (x 1) = 4(x + 3) 5(x 1) = 4x + 12 5(x 2x + 1) =
5
20
4
20
20
2
2
= 4x + 12 5x + 10x 5 = 5x + 14x + 7
20
20
Unidad 5. Polinomios, operaciones
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3
4
7
2
28
| 30
C(x) = x 7
R = 30
x 2 3x + 2 = (x + 4)(x 7) + 30
As:
x 2 3x + 2 = x 7 + 30
x+4
x+4
b) x 3 2x + 3
x 3 + x
| x2 1
x
C(x) = x
x+3
R(x) = x + 3
x 3 2x + 3 = (x 2 1)x x + 3
As:
x 3 2x + 3 = x + 3 x
x2 1
x2 1
c) (3x 2 2x + 7) : (x 2)
Aplicamos la regla de Ruffini:
3
3
2
6
4
7
8
| 15
C(x) = 3x + 4
R = 15
Luego: 3x 2 2x + 7 = (x 2)(3x + 4) + 15
3x 2 2x + 7 = 3x + 4 + 15
x2
x2
Unidad 5. Polinomios, operaciones
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Pg. 13
d) (x 2 + x 12) : (x 3)
Aplicamos la regla de Ruffini:
3
As:
1 12
3 12
4 |0
C(x) = x + 4
R=0
x 2 + x 12 = (x 3)(x + 4)
x 2 + x 12 = x + 4
x3
B (x) = x 3 5x 2 5x + 9
28 Aumentamos el lado, x, de un cuadrado en a cm y formamos un nuevo cuadrado cuyo lado mide x + a. Suma
las reas de los rectngulos y de los cuadrados pequeos
de la figura y comprueba que obtienes el rea del cuadrado de lado x + a.
a
x
x
A1 = a x
A2 = x 2
A3 = a x
A4 = a 2
2
2
A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 = xa + a + xa + x =
= a 2 + 2ax + x 2 = (x + a) 2 = A
As, A = A1 + A2 + A3 + A4
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