Name: _______________________

Date: _______________________
Period: _______________________
The Digestive System
GROUP #1: THE MOUTH

Starts both __________________ and __________________ digestion.

__________________: sharp front teeth that _______ food.

__________________: flat back teeth that __________ food.

______________________: bony roof of the mouth.

______________________: separates mouth and nasal cavities.

__________________ glands produce saliva and start chemical digestion.

o

Salivary _______________ is an enzyme that chemically digests carbohydrates.

The three major salivary glands include: 1. _________________________________

2. _____________________________ and 3. ________________________________

GROUP #2: THE ESOPHAGUS

Bolus: __________________________________________

The pharynx is commonly known as the ___________________.

The ________________________ is a flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering

the ______________________.

The esophagus is about _______ cm long and connects the pharynx to the
___________________.

There are _______ muscle layers in the esophagus.

____________________________ is the rhythmic and muscular contractions and

relaxations that push the bolus into the stomach.

GROUP #3: THE STOMACH

Involved in both ___________________ and _______________________ digestion.

Located in the upper ________ side of the abdominal cavity below the
____________________.

There are _________ layers of ____________ muscle that are used to churn
(____________________ digestion).

________________ pits secrete acidic digestive fluids (_____________________

digestion).
___________________ acid (HCl) has a _____ pH which dissolves

___________________ and kills _____________________.

_____________________ protects the lining of the stomach.

_______________________________ prevents food from re-entering the esophagus.

_______________________________ controls the release of chime into the small

intestine.

GROUP #4: THE LIVER AND GALLBLADDER

Neither come in direct contact with __________.

The liver is located on the _________ side of the stomach.

The liver stores ________________ as glycogen, makes _________________, and

breaks down _____________ substances.

_________ digests fats.

The _____________________ stores and concentrates bile.

The ____________ secretes bile -> Y-shaped __________ -> gallbladder ->
_______________ bile duct -> ____________ intestine

GROUP #5: THE PANCREAS

Located __________________ the stomach, against the back wall of the

__________________ cavity.

It produces __________________ bicarbonate which neutralizes stomach __________.

o

Turns the acid into a _____________.

The pancreas does this in order to protect the _______________ of the __________
intestine.

Produces __________________ that break down carbohydrates, _______________,

____________, and nucleic acids.

Pancreatic fluid enters the pancreatic ______________ -> _______________ bile duct
-> small _____________________.

GROUP #6: THE SMALL INTESTINE

About ________ m (21ft) long.

The first section is called the ____________________ and is 25cm long.

The middle section is called the ____________________ and is 2.5m long.

The last section is called the _______________________ and is 4m long.

The entire small intestine is coiled up in the ____________________ cavity.

The small intestine is solely involved in ___________________ digestion.

Enzymes in the small intestine break down peptides into ___________ acids,
disaccharides into ___________________________, and fats into glycerol and fatty
_____________.
__________________________ occurs when the end products of digestion are

transferred into the circulatory system through the blood and lymph vessels.
________________ and microvilli create more surface area allow for more

_______________________.
Nutrients are absorbed through ___________________ and active transport.

GROUP #7: THE LARGE INTESTINE

Also called the ______________.

There are four parts to the colon: 1. _____________________________

2._______________________________ 3. ___________________________, and
4. _________________________________ (includes the _____________ and anal
canal).

The only nutrients absorbed by the large intestine are those produced by
_______________________ that live in the large intestine and extra _____________.

__________________: solidified material

______________________ (enlargement) of the colon initiates

______________________.