STAAR Review Packet

Scientific Processes
Laboratory Safety 1. When doing an experiment involving acids, what is the first thing you must do before you begin the lab? ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Name pieces of safety e!uipment you should use. _________________________________ . What should you do if you spill the acid? __________________________________________ Scientific Methods "ead the following scenario. # fire destroyed a large forest. $he forest rangers want to test how different types of grasses affect soil erosion in the forest. $hey chose five plots of ground that are the same si%e. $hese plots receive the same amount of sun. $hey also have the same type of soil. $he rangers plant each plot with a different type of grass. &easurements of soil erosion in centimeters are made every wee' for the entire summer. (. What is the problem that the forest rangers are testing? ________________________________ ). What is the independent variable *the variable being manipulated by the rangers+? ___________ ,. What is the dependent variable *the variable that the rangers expect will respond to the conditions of the experiment+? ____________________________________________________________ -. Name at least variables are the rangers controlling in this experiment. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ .. /elow is a partial table of the data collected by the rangers. What type of graph would you use? _____________________________ 0lot 1 # / 2 #mount of erosion each wee' measured in centimeters Wee' 1 Wee' 2 Wee' Wee' ( , ( ) 2 ( ) ( )

3. 4'etch the graph below. &a'e sure to label the axes with the appropriate units. .
. , ) (

2 1 5

15. Which hypothesis would be correct for this study by the rangers? A. 4ome types of grasses reduce soil erosion more than others. B. 4oil erosion is affected by the slope of the land. C. /urned over areas have greater soil erosion than forested areas. D. 0lanting grasses will reduce the amount of erosion. 11. Write a conclusion based on the data above for the rangers. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 12. 6oo' at the topographic map to the left. What is the contour interval? ____________ 1 . What is the length of the river? _______ 1(. What is the elevation of the pea'? *give both the min. and max. possible values of the pea'? ______________________________ ___________________________________ 1). 7ow do you 'now this is a mountain and not a la'e? __________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 1,.$his is a model to show how water flows in nature. 6ist all of the limitations of this model. ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ______________________

4cale 1cm 8 1 'm

Equipment 1-. 6ist all of the e!uipment that would be needed to measure the boiling point of a li!uid. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 1.. # microscope would be the best tool for gathering what type of data? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 13. What is a barometer used for? ___________________ an anemometer? _____________________ 25. What e!uipment would be needed if you were testing water samples at the cree'? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2

Measurement Read each piece of equipment and record the measurement. Dont forget to include the units. 21.

22.

2 .

2(.

2).

2,. 9or a class presentation, "eggie dropped a rubber ball from different heights and recorded the number of bounces made by the ball before it came to rest. $he data is displayed in the scatterplot below. /ased on the data in this scatterplot, predict the number of bounces that the ball will ma'e if "eggie drops it from a height of 15 feet. #. /etween 2- and 5 /. /etween 5 and ( 2. /etween ( and 3 :. /etween 3 and ()

2-. $he table above shows the densities of dried samples of common types of wood. # -)5 ml sample of dry live oa' wood has a mass of ,,5 g. 7ow does the density of the live oa' sample compare to the densities of the other woods in the table? #. 6ive oa' is less dense than cypress, ash, and maple. /. 6ive oa' is more dense than cypress but less dense than ash or maple. 2. 6ive oa' is more dense than ash and cypress but less dense than maple. :. 6ive oa' is more dense than cypress, ash, and maple.

Chemistry
1. :efine &atter; _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 6ist physical properties of matter; a. b. c.

. What is the main indicator of a chemical change? _______________________________________ (. 6ist indicators of a chemical reaction; a. b. water boiling e. condensation h. ba'ing a ca'e b. c. c. mixing <oolaid f. evaporation

). 2hemical or physical? a. silver tarnishing d. tea dissolving g. oxidation

,. 6ist the states of matter. =s changing states of matter a chemical or physical change? 7ow do you 'now? -. 6ist examples of a physical change; a. b. c.

.. #re mixtures and solutions chemical changes? 3. What happens to the particles of matter when ice melts and then evaporates? 15. What happens to the particles of matter when water vapor condenses and then free%es? 11. Which ta'es longer to heat up> land or water? Why? 12. 7ow are elements arranged on the 0eriodic $able *be specific>metals, nonmetals, metalloids+; 1 . Which elements on the 0eriodic $able have similar chemical properties? 1(. 6ist 2 elements that share chemical properties; 1). ?xplain #808? &>#8N

1,. What is the charge of; 0rotons?

Neutrons?

?lectrons? 4

1-. 6abel the parts of this 9luorine element.

1.. :raw a /ohr &odel for 9luorine.

F
"luorine
13. 7ow many valence electrons does 9luorine have? 25. What is the compound formula for water? 21. @sing the formula for hydrogen peroxide answer the following !uestions; !"#" a. 7ow many elements are there? b. 7ow many atoms of 7ydrogen? c. 7ow many atoms of Axygen? d. 7ow many molecules? 22. 2ircle the products and put a s!uare around the reactants in the following chemical e!uation; "$aC% & '" "$a' &"C% 2 . 7ow many valence electrons do each of the Broups contain? a. Broup 1 b. Broup 2 c. Broup 1, d. Broup 1.

2(. Which Broup is most reactive? ________ Which group is least reactive? ________ 2). Which of the following groups of elements from the periodic table contains only metals? #. Broup 12 /. Broup 1( 2. Broup 1, :. Broup 1. 2,. /ased on the periodic table, which of the following elements has properties most li'e neonCs? #. 7ydrogen *7+ /. 9luorine *9+ 2. <rypton *<r+ :. 4odium *Na+

2-. :uring cell respiration, sugar *2,712A,+ reacts to form carbon dioxide *2A2+ and water *72A+. Which of the following best explains what happens during cell respiration? #. 4ingle atoms are formed into different elements. /. #toms are rearranged into different compounds. 2. # molecule is bro'en down into its pure elements. :. $wo elements are formed into one compound.

2.. 0lants use the sunCs energy to ma'e food through photosynthesis. $his chemical process is written as the chemical e!uation shown above. Which of the following lists the three elements that ma'e up the compounds in this e!uation? #. 2hlorophyll, carbon, hydrogen /. 2arbon, sunlight, oxygen 2. 2arbon, oxygen, hydrogen :. Water, oxygen, hydrogen

23. Which of the following e!uations show the law of conservation of mass and represent a balanced chemical e!uation? *47AW DA@" WA"<+ a. N2 E 2 72 2 N7 yes or no b. 2 <2lA 2 <2l E A2 yes or no yes or no yes or no

c. 2Na E 272A 2NaA7 E 72 d. 272l E 2a2A 2a2l2 E 72A E 2A2

Physics
1. What is a force? 2. What is the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces? . Where can you find the formula for force? (. What is the unit for force? ). Fenny has a mass of .55 grams. Fenny was given a push on roller s'ates by $ara. $he rate of acceleration for $araCs push was )5 mGs2. What was the force re!uired to push Fenny? 4how your wor'. ,. :efine wor'; -. What is the unit for wor'? What is the formula? _______________ What is it? __________

.. # box needs to be lifted to the top of a building which is )5 meters high. =t re!uires 155 N of force to lift the box. 7ow much wor' does this ta'e? 3. :efine energy; 15. What is the difference between potential and 'inetic energy?

11. :raw a picture of a rollercoaster and label where there is the most potential energy and also where there is the most 'inetic energy.

12. ?xplain what &". 42?N$ stands for and give a brief description for each type of energy;

1 . What energy transformation ta'es place during photosynthesis? 1(. What energy transformation ta'es place from a wind farm to an electrical plant? 1). What is the 6aw of 2onservation of ?nergy? 1,. 6ist 2 examples of renewable energy sources. 1-. What are non>renewable energy sources? Bive an example and explain the problem with them. 1.. ?xplain the direction each box will move;

13. Where can you find the formula for speed? 25. What is the unit for speed? 21. 6ist the types of acceleration> a. b.

What is it?

c.

22. What will be the distance traveled after ,5 minutes?

2 . What is the average speed of the car?

2(. ?xplain the motion #N: calculate the speed for each of the following segments; a. #>/

b. 2>:

c. 7>=

d. What is the #verage 4peed from #>2? $

2). What is the difference between AbIect # and AbIect /?

2,. An a road trip to Nashville the tour bus traveled a total of 2)55 'm in ) hours. What was the average speed for the road trip? 4how your wor'H

2-. #t which point along the baseballCs flight path is its potential energy greatest? #. 1 /. 2 2. :. (

2.. =n the diagram shown above, which of the following does the pulley system change? #. $he amount of wor' done /. $he direction of force used 2. $he amount of force used

23. Which of the following is the best example of an obIect with only potential energy?

5. Favelinas need strong leg muscles to help provide enough force for them to accelerate to high speeds. $his fast movement can help Iavelinas escape from predators and reach the safety of the pac'. =f a Iavelina runs (2 m in , s, what is its average speed? #. , mGs /. - mGs 2. (. mGs :. 2)2 mGs %

1. What are NewtonCs $hree 6aws. Bive an example of each. a. b. c.

Earth Science( Space

1. :efine @niverse; 2. What is the main piece of evidence supporting the /ig /ang $heory for the Arigin of the @niverse? . 6ist the components of the @niverse from smallest to largest starting with stars and ending with universe. (. 7ow do scientists classify stars? ). What temperature is a red star? # blue star?

,. 2lassify the 4un according to its temperature, magnitude, color and type.

-. Which type of stars are the most common? What is the pattern between their brightness and temperature?

.. Why do we have seasons? 3. =llustrate the summer and winter seasons *using the 4un in the middle+ for the Northern 7emisphere.

15. 7ow is day length determined? 11. What is a light year? What does it measure? 12. :raw and label the types of galaxies.

1 . What type of galaxy is our &il'y Way Balaxy? 1(. 7ow long does it ta'e to go through the lunar cycle? 1). $he 4un is always closest to which moon phase? 1,. @se the JT(methodK to draw and label each phase of the moon.

1-. 7ow long does it ta'e to go from a new moon to a full moon? 1.. 7ow long is it between a 1st !uarter moon and a 9ull &oon?

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13. #t which latitude can the sun be visible for 2( hours straight in Fune? #. #rctic 2ircle /. $ropic of 2ancer 2. ?!uator :. $ropic of 2apricorn

Earth Science
1. What are renewable resources? Bive 2 examples. 2. What are nonrenewable resources? Bive 2 examples. . 6ist and describe ) renewable energy sources; a. b. c. d. e. (. What is the difference between surface water and groundwater? ). What is a watershed? ,. What is an a!uifer? What happens if we pump too much water out? -. :raw a picture of the water cycle including the following terms; evaporation, condensation, precipitation, transpiration, runoff, groundwater.

.. ?xplain one way that humans negatively affect the water cycle;

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3. What processes does it ta'e to form an igneous roc'? 15. What processes does it ta'e to form a sedimentary roc'? 11. What processes does it ta'e to form a metamorphic roc'? 12. Bive 2 examples for how catastrophic events can change the ?arthCs surface. a. b. 1 . What is the theory for how dinosaurs became extinct? 1(. What are the 2 main factors that affect climate? 1). 7ow do oceans affect the temperature of nearby land? What does this do to the overall climate of the area? 1,. $he land located next to cold ocean currents will be _________ and the land located next to warm currents flow will be ___________. 1-. What is ?l NiLo and what effects can it have? 1.. 7ow does global warming affect the ocean temperatures and our weather? 13. What factors affect weather? 25. 0ressure flows from _________ to ___________. 21. 7ow do convection currents form? =llustrate also. 22. 6ist ) types of evidence supporting the theory of continental drift. a. b. c. d. 2 . 7ow does the age of roc's prove that sea>floor spreading is occurring? 2(. =llustrate subduction. 2). With arrows show how the plates move and label the following plate boundaries; $ransform, :ivergent and 2onvergent.

e.

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2,. 6ist 2 things formed at $ransform /oundaries 2-. 6ist 2.. 6ist things formed at :ivergent /oundaries. things formed at 2onvergent /oundaries.

23. ?xplain how humans can change ?arthCs features; 5. 7ow do gradual processes li'e rivers flowing change the surface of the land? 1. 7ow do weathering, erosion, and deposition affect the ?arth? /oth gypsum and limestone are minerals. 6imestone has about the !ardness Minera% same hardness as calcite. # mineralCs hardness can be determined 1 $alc from how easily it is scratched by another mineral. =n a hardness 2 Bypsum test, what result will show the difference between gypsum and 2alcite limestone? ( 9luorite #. 9luorite scratches limestone and gypsum. ) #patite /. Bypsum scratches talc. , Arthoclase 2. 6imestone scratches talc. Ouart% :. 2alcite scratches gypsum. . $opa% 3 2orundum 15 :iamond 2.

. Which of the following processes is occurring when rainwater dissolves volcanic roc'? #. 9olding 2. ?rosion /. :eposition :. 9aulting (. ?vidence suggests that dinosaurs became extinct when a large meteorite struc' in the area of the DucatMn 0eninsula. 4cientists hypothesi%e that this enormous impact 'illed all the dinosaurs, even those on the other side of ?arth, because the N #. debris thrown into the atmosphere bloc'ed sunlight /. heat flash from the impact immediately vapori%ed all life>forms 13

2. impact blasted the atmosphere surrounding ?arth into space :. intense heat completely boiled away the oceans ). Nitrogen fertili%er is often added to soil to increase the growth of crops. Which of these nearby ecosystems would most li'ely be harmed by the use of nitrogen fertili%er? # 9orest / 0ond 2 0ar' : &eadow ,. $he diagram to the right models decomposition. =n nature dead material is bro'en down by decomposers, enriching the soil. # gardener can speed up this decomposition process by creating a compost pile. #s the material in the compost pile decomposes N #. the amount of gases decreases /. the materials are 'ept dry 2. heat is produced :. compounds produce light

-. =n the diagram to the right, what are two main factors that affect where groundwater becomes surface water? #. $he number of wells and the temperature of the water /. $he height of the water table and the height of the ground surface 2. $he force of the water and pressure from the atmosphere :. $he direction of the wind and the direction of the streamCs flow

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.. =n the diagram to the right, which human activity most li'ely contributed to the rapid increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide *2A2+ after 13 5? #. $he burning of fossil fuels /. $he extinction of animal species 2. $he destruction of natural wetlands :. $he planting of additional farm crops

3. Which of these activities could most li'ely lead to the extinction of this species of duc'? #. 0lanting long>stemmed grasses along ban's of rivers /. /uilding dams across low areas to catch rainwater 2. "emoving trees from shallow la'e areas :. :raining ponds to develop land for other uses

(5. 0rairie grass may be better at preventing erosion than wheat is because the prairie grass roots are able to N #. use more mineral nutrients /. hold more soil in place 2. absorb more water :. grow more slowly

(1. Which of these air masses would probably contain the most moisture? #. O /. " 2. 4 :. $

Life Science
1. 6abel the parts of the animal cell below. 2. 6abel the parts of the plant cell below.

. What are the main differences between plant and animal cells? (. 6ist the level of organi%ation for life from smallest to largest; ). 9ill out the <ey words and 9unction for each body system below. System Structures )*ey +ords, -i.estive Circu%atory Respiratory E/cretory 0mmune Ske%eta% Muscu%ar 1# 'unction

$ervous 0nte.umentar y Endocrine ,. Bive an example for how the circulatory and respiratory systems wor' together. -. Bive an example for how the digestive and muscular systems wor' together. .. Bive an example for how the immune and circulatory systems wor' together. 3. Bive an example for how the endocrine and circulatory systems wor' together. 15. :efine homeostasis; 11. Bive ) examples for how the body tries to maintain homeostasis; a. b. c. d. 12. :efine and illustrate the difference between high and low turgor pressure. 1 . 7ow does composting wor'? 1(. What is an ecosystem? What is a niche? 1). 6ist a. ways organisms adapt to help themselves survive. b. c.

e.

1,. 7umans contribute to the extinction of species through habitat destruction. 6ist , ways human contribute to species extinction. a. b. c. d. e. f. 1-. What do the arrows in food webs and food chains represent? 1.. ?xplain how you 'now which organism is eating which. 13. :efine producers and give examples; 25. :efine consumers and give examples; 21. :efine decomposers and give examples; 22. ?xplain the process of primary ecological succession. 1$

2 . What is the difference between primary and secondary ecological succession?

2(. =f all of the mice are 'illed what will happen to the; 4na'es Awls 0lants and 4eeds

2). What part of the cell contains the genetic material? 2,. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction? 2-. 7ow do organisms depend on abiotic and biotic factors to survive? 2.. What happens when two species in the same environment occupy the same niche? 23. 7ow are habitat resources affected by competition? 5. 7ow does energy flow in a food chain and food web? 1. Within a given food web, what are the primary producers and the primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers? 2. What are examples of predatorGprey relationships and parasiteGhost relationships found within a food web? . What are examples of primary producers and primary and secondary consumers within a marine and freshwater food web? (. What are examples of primary producers and primary and secondary consumers within a terrestrial food web? ). What is a mutation? 1%

,. :efine natural selection and give an example; -. Bive an example of an adaptation; .. ?xplain and give examples for the differences between learned behaviors and inherited traits;

3. $he coastal live oa' and the gray oa' are related species that grow in the areas shown on the map to the right. $he two species grow in different regions of $exas probably because they N #. have different leaf shapes /. are eaten by different consumers 2. are adapted to different environments :. grow to different heights

. (5. $he fungi shown in the picture to the right are decomposers. :ecomposers are an important part of an ecosystem because they N #. produce oxygen /. provide food for carnivores 2. brea' down dead organisms :. convert sunlight to food energy

(1. :uring primary ecological succession, the initial formation of soil helps establish N #. grasses /. mushrooms 2. shrubs :. trees

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(2. Which activity supplies the force that maintains blood pressure in the human circulatory system? #. /lood passing through the lungs /. /lood flowing out to the capillaries 2. $he 'idneys filtering waste from blood :. $he heart pumping blood through vessels

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