You are on page 1of 32

2

tcsyfydkrSm zwfp&m...
wpfckaom oBuFeftcg

3
4
5
6
8
10
12
13
14
16
18
19
20
21
22
24
26
28
30

uAsmq&mBuD; aZmf*sDxHrS qkrGefvTm

bmaMumifh a&yuf&wmvJ
aEGOD;dk;&mESpfopful;yGJrsm;
&efukef?rEav;oBuFefvrf;Tef
oHcsyf,Ofaus;rI
oBuFef0wfpm;qif,ifrItawG;tjrif
r@yf[lonfh a0g[m&
vGrf;p&m rEav;oBuFef
ydawmufawG tcsdefudkuf
ryGihfawmhwJh ref;oBuFef
tazhvufaqmif
oBuFefdk;&m pm;p&m
w&m;pcef; trSwfw&
oBuFefwGif; a&ay;a0a&;
,mOfxdef;&J 600 csxm;rnf
&efukefaq;kHBuD;u tqifoihf
a&aoewf
usKdif;wHkoBuFef
'gdkufwmMunfpdk;xGef;&JU
twdwfoBuFef
(7)&ufom;orD;rsm;twGuf
uHMurma[mZ,m;

uAsm? aqmif;yg;&Sifrsm; aZmf*sD? pEmvGif? eEmatmif? NzdK;a0ausmf? aMu;rkH0if;? jraucdkif?


at;Nidrf;0if;? Wade Guyitt? a&Gulopm? at;oDwmausmf? atmifausmfGefY? rsKd;vGif? ZGefyef;yGihf?
jrwfNidrf;at;? tdtdol? a'gufuvyfpfavmif;? jrwfEdk;? [def;xufatmif? atmifjrifausmf

pmwnf;rsm; rsKd;vGif? Wade Guyitt


vufaxmufpmwnf jraucdkifpdk;
rsufESmzHk;umwGef; odef;xGef;OD;
'DZdkif; udkcifaZmf? udkaxG;
"mwfyHk aumif;xuf? atmifaX;vIdif? bl;oD;? oD&dvl? udkwdyf? a'gufuvyfpfavmif;?
ZmenfNzdK;? NzdK;a0ausmf
a0zefpmrsm;twGuf

wadeguyitt@gmail.com, myolwin286@gmail.com

wpfckaom oBuFeftcg
aZmf*sD

vmvmav vku
d cf ahJ wmh
wkpYd ku
d f wkb
Yd mom
ESpq
f ef;cg ydawmuf<um;csed rf Ykd
upm;um a&MunfMunfeYJ
yDayonf jrefrmrsK;d ukv
d
wk;d qif
h cspcf w
hJ m/
....vma[h vma[h
bk&m;uke;f u? wtke;f tke;f eJ?Y wke;f ke;f vmMu
bJEh mS ygvdrfh
xdev
Yf u
kd w
f hJ tk;d pnf? ESu
J vJ yDoeJY
oDou
l oDMu? uolu uvm
EGm;Bu;D vJ ygoa[h

ausmay:rSm aumfaZm? tarT;a&m oeyfcg;


csKzd sm;rSm ydawmufyef;awGu
wvQr;f vQr;f a&Ttqif
EGm;pdwx
f J tcJom; 0ifvu
dk &f
&Tiv
f u
dk rf nfh jzpfjcif; ...
0#fruif;olujkd zifh
vTwjf cif;rSm 0goemygwJh
a&Tjrefrm onfvrl sK;d rSmv
tusK;d onfvw
dk v
l u
dk yf gh
a&TrL EIwcf sKcd eG ;f &,feYJ
oGe;f vdu
k rf yd g/

tqdkyguAsmudk q&maZmf*sDu 1928 ckESpfwGif a&;om;cJhNyD; 1960 jynfhESpfwGif


yHkESdyfxkwfa0cJhaom q&maZmf*sD\ vufa&G;pifuAsmrsm;pmtkyfrS aumufEIwfxm;
jcif;jzpfonf/ q&maZmf*sD (19071990)\ trnf&if;rSm OD;odef;[efjzpfNyD;
pma&;q&m? pmMunfhwdkufrSL;ESifh ordkif;ynm&SifwpfOD;vnf; jzpfonf/ tqdkyguAsmudk
pma&;q&m? *Dwynm&SifESifh bDbDtufpftoHvTifhXmerSL; OD;cifaZmf (1909 1989)
u uavmiftrnf ]au}jzifh t*FvdyfbmomodkY jyefqdkcJhonf/
"mwfyHk (0JrS,m) &efukef (atmifaX;vIdif)? rEav; (NzdK;a0ausmf)? yk*H (oD&dvl)?
aejynfawmf (jrefrmwdkif;(rf))? &cdkifdk;&moBuFef (atmifaX;vIdif)/

oBueF rf mS bmaMumihaf &yufMuovJ ...


ESpfopful; oBuFefa&obifyGJawmf[m a&S;a[mif;[dEL,Ofaus;rIawGuae jrpfzsm;cHvmcJhayr,fh jrefrmh,Ofaus;rItwdkif; usif;ycJhwmMumcJhygNyD...
pEmvGif
sdlsandar@gmail.com

tdEd,uae jrefrmEdkifiHudk Ak'bmom


a&muf v mcJ h o vd k [d E L t,l 0 g'awG ?
,Ofaus;rIawGvnf; a&muf&SdcJhygw,f/
,Ofaus;rIwifru [dELvlrsKd;ykPm;awGyg
ajymif;a&TUa&mufvmcJhNyD;wJhaemuf 'DaeY
txd txif&Sm;qHk; usef&SdaewJh [dEL
,Ofaus;rIwpfckuawmh euwfaA'ifygyJ/
a&S;acwf jrefrmEdik if u
H kd ykPm ;wdeYk t
YJ wl
a&muf&cdS w
hJ hJ [dEL ,Ofaus;rI? [dEL vlaerI
b0yg tJ'D aA'ifynmrSm urmuae ol&,
d
aerif; ([dEL euwaf A'trnf we*FaEGN*Kd [)f
udk IMunfhNyD; we*FaEGN*dK[frif; urmudk
ywfaecsdef umv 365 &uf twGif;rSm
(wpfEpS rf mS q,fEh pS v
f ponf pdwyf idk ;f ouJo
h )Ydk
if;ae tDauGwmajrmufbuf urmah jrmuf
jcrf;uae vSnhfywfaecsdefudk Ow&,mOf?
urmhawmifjcrf;uae vSnfhywfaecsdefudk
'udP,mOftjzpf ,mOfESpfyg;/ &moDOwk
obm0t& *drSmE? a[rE? 0oEtjzpf
Owko;kH yg;? vu urmudyk wfwMhJ umcsed f wpfv
ukd ESpv
f wpfww
JG u
JG m &wkajcmufyg; ponf
jzifh tydik ;f tjcm;rsm; xyfrpH w
d jf zmygw,f/
tJ'Dtydkif;tjcm; wpfckuae wpfckudk
ul;ajymif;jcif;udk oBueF f (ul;ajymif;jcif;) vdYk
owfrw
S w
f m jzpfygw,f/
]]wpfEpS f odrYk [kwf 365 &ufwiG f t,mOf
ESpfyg;? OwkoHk;vnf? &wk ajcmufpHk? 'Gg&
av;cGi?f tpko;kH pk? &moD q,fEh pS rf sK;d paom
tydik ;f tjcm;rsm;udk awGU&ygonf/ xdt
k ydik ;f
tjcm; wpfcrk S wpfco
k Ykd we*FaEGN*Kd [f (ae)
ajymif;jcif;udk [dELbmomtm;jzifh ]qef

,refESpf &efukefdk;&moBuFefr@yfwpfckwGif aysmfaysmfyg;yg; a&upm;aeMupOf/"mwfyHk atmifaX;vIdif


*&efw}D [kvnf;aumif;? jrefrmwdu
Yk wpfae&m
rS wpfae&modYk ajymif;jcif;[kvnf;aumif;?
twm ul;jcif;[kvnf;aumif;? oBueF u
f sjcif;
[kvnf;aumif;ajymqdMk uygonf}}[k pmay
Adrmefxw
k ]f jrefrmh"avh cgoBueF }f pmtkyrf mS
azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
]oBueF }f pum;vH;k &JU rlvjzpfwhJ ouw
bmompum; ]ouFE} u ul;ajymif;jcif;vdYk
t"dym,f&wJhtwGuf oBuFefusjcif;[m
ul;ajymif;csdef usa&mufjcif;vdkY qdk&rSmyg/
twmul;jcif;uawmh ygVdpum;vH;k ]tE} u
qif;oufw,fvYkd ,lqolrsm;&So
d vdk aeYwm
nwm uJo
h Ykd ESpw
f mul;jcif;tjzpf ,lqol
rsm;vnf; &Syd gw,f/
oBueF u
f mvrSm oH;k pGw
J hJ acgif;avQmaf &
tygt0if a&tm;vHk;udk oBuFefa&vdkY
ac:wGicf MhJ uNy;D a&S;jrefrmbk&ifawGtwGuf
awmf0if oBuFefa&? odkYr[kwf awmf0if

acgif;avQmaf & jzpfzu


Ykd akd wmh txl;wvnf
jyifqif azmfpyfMu&ygw,f/
tr&yl&acwf yk&ydu
k f wpfcyk g awmf0if
acgif;avQmaf & azmfenf;rSm ESi;f a&? ckoif;a&?
tke;f a&? y&dwaf wmfa&? a&Ta&? aiGa& e0&wf
ud;k yg;a& pwJh a&rsK;d rsK;d pkaqmif;Ny;D wa&mf
uifyeG ;f tygt0if aq;zuf0if tarT;eHUom
28 rsK;d a&maESmazmfpyfw,fvYkd qdyk gw,f/
rif;wke;f rif;Bu;D vufxufrmS awmh awmf0if
oBuFefawmf acgif;aq;a& azmfenf;um;
ydBk u;D us,v
f mNy;D **Fgjrpfa&? csi;f wGi;f jrpfqakH &
pwmawGuykd g xnfah zmfpyfw,fvYkd qdyk gw,f/
jrpfa&? uefa& up awmf0ifrdom;pk
awGtwGuf vdw
k hJ oBueF af &awmf cyfzt
Ykd wGuf
awmf0ifa&awmfcyf t&yfawG owfrw
S cf yf,l
w,fvdkY jrefrmh"avh cgoBuFefpmtkyfu
qdyk gw,f/
'Dvkd oBueF af wmfac:&m wefaqmif;uem;

jyifqifyHkuae tkef;vuf? iSufaysmvuf?


MuHyifMuHvufawGeJY wefqmqifwJh'DuaeY
oBueF rf @yftjyiftqif qif;oufvmwm
jzpfygw,f/
jrefrmhoBuFef"avh[m yk*Hacwfuwdkif
pwifcJhw,fvdkY ajymqdkrIawGvnf; trsm;
tjym; &Syd gw,f/
]]oBuFefumvrSm awmf0ifrdom;pkawG
wifru EdkifiHeJYt0Srf; trsm;jynfolrsm;
a&upm;wJh "avheyYJ wfoufNy;D t,ltq
wpfcu
k awmh awmf0ifro
d m;pkw&Ydk UJ oBueF f
awmfac:yGt
J wGuf &yf&mG teD; a&awmfcyf
t&yfawGuae td;k Bu;D td;k i,fawGeYJ rif;rI
xrf;rsm; oBueF af &awmf cyf,&l m? avSmu
f m;
awGeYJ a&awmfo,f,&l muae wpfpwpfp
qifyh mG ;vmw,fvYkd ,lqMuygw,f/
]]jrefrmvlrsKd;wdkY&JU ESpful; oBuFefyGJonf
vnf; [dEL t,l0g'rS oufqif;aom "avh
twdkif; a&S;,cifumvawGrSm rdb
q&morm;awGeJY oufBuD;0gBuD;awGudk
oeyfcg; eHo
Y ma&? oajycuf uav;awGeYJ
uefawmhMuwJh tavhtx &Scd MhJ uw,f}} vdYk
jrefrmhp,
G pf u
kH sr;f rSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
b,fvykd J pwifchJ pwifchJ ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm
ausmfvGefNyD;csdef rsufarSmufumvrSmawmh
jrefrmh twmoBueF yf aJG wmf[m tESpo
f m&
a&m toGio
f @mefrmS yg jrefrmrI yDjyifum
ud,
k yf ikd ,
f Ofaus;rI yHo
k @mefawG xHrk rT ;f vsuf
jrefrmh0dnmOfudkyg yDyDjyifjyif awGUjrif&wJh
yGaJ wmfwpfck jzpfaeygNy/D
ESpfa[mif;u tnpftaMu;awGudk
okwo
f ifNy;D ESpo
f pfukd r*Fvm&Sad pwJt
h &m
awG jyKvkyfBudKqdkw,fqdkwJh rlvoBuFef
t,ltqtay:rSm ax&0g' Ak'b
mom&JU
tqHk;treJY ydkrdkvdkufavsmnDaxG jzpfwJh
ESpfa[mif; tnpftaMu; okwfoifyHkawG?
aumif;rIukodkvfw&m; yGm;rsm;yHkawGeJY

yGaJ wmfwiG ;f vIy&f mS ;rIypkH t


H rsK;d rsK;d ay:xGe;f
vmcJw
h mjzpfygw,f/
at;apaMumif;jzifh arwma&pif oGef;
avmif;um cifrifaysm&f iT pf mG a&upm;jcif;?
oHcsyw
f ikd jf cif;? uspD ,faemufajymifjcif;? tqdk
tuawGeYJ oBueF f {nfch rH @yfawG wnf
aqmufjcif;? tvSjyum;awGeJY vSnfvnf
azsmaf jzjcif; wdyYk g0ifwhJ acwfopf oBueF f
yGaJ wmf yHo
k @mef wpf&yfuakd wmh rEav;
a&TNrKd Uawmfu OD;aqmif yHak zmfcyhJ gw,f/
&cdkifwdkif;&if;om;wdkY&JU avmif;avS
wpfbufwpfcsuf tjyeftvSef a&upm;wJh
[ef pojzifh wdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;tvdkuf
rluGJav;awG &Sdovdk NrdKUtvdkuf &yf&Gm
tvdu
k f qifEyJT kH oD;jcm;"avhav;awGvnf;
trsm;tjym; &Syd gw,f/ yHo
k @mefuaJG yr,fh
vnf; tajccHjzpf a&yufjzef;upm;wmeJY
aumif;rIuo
k v
kd f yGm;rsm;wmuawmh twlwl
ygyJ/
rsufarSmufacwf twmoBuFefyGJawmf
uawmh wpfEpS pf m pdwzf pd ;D rIawGukd zGix
hf w
k Nf y;D
tl;trl; aomufpm; aysmf&TifrIrSuae
ukodkvf&wJh Nidrf;at;csrf;ajrUrI&otxd
aysmf&TifrI tqifhtrsKd;rsKd;&apr,fh qifETJyHk
toD;oD;eJY qifETJwJh ,Ofaus;rI wpf&yf
ay:ayguf xGe;f um;aeNyD jzpfygw,f/
vlrIa&;u@rSm aysmf&Tifp&m vIyf&Sm;rI
taeeJY tqdktuawGeJY a&obifyGJqifETJ
jcif;? ukodkvfaumif;rI yGm;rsm;wJhtaeeJY
oufBuD;&G,fBuD;rsm;udk a&uefawmhjcif;?
t&yfav;rsuEf mS rS a&mufvmol [lorSsukd
arwma&avmif;um pm;aomufzG,f&m
trsKd;rsKd; pwk'dom auR;arG;v'gef;jcif;?
bmoma&;e,fy,frS vIy&f mS ;rItaeeJY pkaygif;
'kvb&[ef;cH&SifjyK? oDv&Sif0wfyGJrsm;
usif;yjcif;? Ak'kyfyGm;awmfrsm;eJY bk&m;
ausmif;uefrsm;udk pkaygif; aq;aMum
oef&Y iS ;f jcif;? Oykof oDwif; apmifo
h ;kH jcif;?
pkaygif; w&m;tm;xkwjf cif;awGtxd t&G,f
trsKd;rsKd;? vltrsKd;trsKd; yg0ifqifETJEdkifwJh
vIy&f mS ;rI trsK;d rsK;d wdYk awGUjrifae&ygw,f/
ESpfqef;wpf&uf txl;ukodkvfjyKrI
taeeJY ZD0w
d 'ge pkaygif;toufvw
T yf rJG sm;
usi;f yjcif;? qGr;f uyfjcif;ponfh tvtwef;
yGJtrsKd;rsKd; usif;yjcif;? y&dwf&Gwfjcif;wdkY
awGUjrif&ygw,f/
yGaJ wmfvyI &f mS ;rI trsK;d rsK;d twGi;f rS tESpf
om& taeeJY pdwv
f uf aysm&f iT f ayghyg;apjcif;?
cifrifarwm wdk;yGm;apjcif;? aumif;rI
ukov
kd w
f &m;jzifh pdwMf unfvif csr;f ajrUjcif;
wdkYu 'DaeYacwf twmoBuFefyGJawmf&JU
tvSppfrsm;tjzpf jrwfE;kd zG,&f m xGe;f um;
g
aeygawmhw,f/ 

urmah jrmufjcrf;u aEGO;D &moD k;d &mESpo


f pfu;l yGrJ sm;
ygupwef (Vaisakhi yGJawmf)
qpfcfawG&Sd&m yef*syfjynfe,feJYae&mtESHYrSm AdkifqmuDyGJawmfudk
usif;yMuygw,f/ bmoma&;t& ta&;ygwJh yGJvnf;jzpfovdk
aEGOD;tptwGuf aus;Zl;wifwJhtaeeJY usif;ywJhyGJvnf;jzpfyg
w,f/[dELbmom0ifawGuawmh ESpfopfrSm **FgewforD;[m
**FgjrpfxJrSm a&csKd;zdkY urmajray: wpfESpfwpfcg
qif;oufvmw,fvdkY ,lqMuygw,f/

oMuFefESpfopful;udk {NyDvv,favmufrSm
usif;ywmjrefrmwpfEkdifiHwnf;r[kwfygbl;/wjcm;EkdifiHawG&JU
{NyDvv,f ESpfopful;yGJawGudkpkpnf;wifjyxm;ygw,f/
0dwf'f*dkif,pf'f
wadeguyitt@gmail.com

tJ'Dtcsdefu tylqHk;
tcsdefjzpfwJhtwGuf
vlawGvnf;pdkpdkpGwfpGwf
aecsiv
f eG ;f Muygw,f
tckacwfrSmawmh ukrPD awmfawmf
rsm;rsm;eJY tpd;k &awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m 1752
ckEpS af emufyikd ;f jyu'ed rf mS av'Da';tjzpf
owfrw
S x
f m;wJh {Nyv
D 6 &ufaeYukd bwf*suf
pwifwJhaeYtjzpf qufNyD; toHk;jyKaeMu
wke;f yg/ 'gaMumifh jyu'ed Ef pS ef YJ b@ma&;ESpf
rwlwmyg/ NyD;awmhvnf; tcGefawGudk
Zefe0g&DvupNy;D raumufbJ {Nyv
D upNy;D
aumufMuwmyg/
wjcm;Edik if aH wGeYJ ,Ofaus;rIawGrmS awmh
ESpw
f pfEpS &f UJ tpaeYukd b,faeYowfrw
S rf ,f
qdw
k m ud,
k yf ikd o
f wfrw
S cf suaf wG&ydS gw,f/
trsm;pkuawmh aewdYk vwk&Yd UJ vSnafh jymif;
oGm;vmyHek YJ qufpyfNy;D owfrw
S Mf uwmyg/
wkwfESpfopful;uawmh yxrvtjzpf
owfrSwfxm;wJh (Zefe0g&D 21 &ufuae
azazmf0g&D 21 &uftwGi;f usa&mufw)hJ v&JU
vqef;wpf&ufaeYrSm usa&mufygw,f/
AD,uferf&UJ ESpo
f pfu;l aeYuvnf; wkwf
ESpfopful;eJY twlwlyJjzpfNyD; udk&D;,m;?
rGe*f v
kd ;D ,m;? wdbufeYJ AD,uferfEikd if aH wG
rSmvnf; tvm;wl&ufrmS yJ ESpo
f pfu;l yGu
J kd
usi;f yMuygw,f/
ESpo
f pfu;l aeYvYkd t"dym ,f&wJh Nowruz
uawmh a&S;acwfyg&Sm;u Edik if aH wmfawmf
rsm;rsm;rSm rwfv 19 &ufaeYeJY rwfv
22 &ufMum;rSm usi;f yMuwJh ESpw
f pfEpS &f UJ
tp&ufyJ jzpfygw,f/
jrefrmEdik if eH YJ ta&SUawmiftm&Su wjcm;

wkdufvlrsKd;awGMum;rSm ESpfopful;
a&obifyGJawmf[m vmr,fhESpftwGuf
ewfqdk;BuD;&JOU D;acgif;udk udkifzdkYwm0efuscJhwJh
rdef;uav;wpfa,muf&JU t0wftpm;rSm
ayusHaewJh aoG;awGudk aq;aMumwJhtaeeJY
usif;ywmvdkY t,l&SdMuygw,f/

vmtdk
yDrdkifvmtdkyGJawmf
yGJawmfumvrSm ESpfopfr,fbGJuU dkay;zdkY
vefy&mbefrSm tvSr,fNydKifyGJusif;yNyD;
aemufqHk;qefcgwif ckepfOD;udk
vrf;wpfavQmuf pDwef;avQmufapygw,f/

xdkif;

Edik if aH wGu ESpo


f pfu;l csed u
f awmh a&S;a[mif;
[dEL jyu'ed u
f kd tajccHNy;D rd&moDciG jf zpfwhJ
Aries Mu,ftwGi;f aea&mufomG ;wJt
h csed u
f kd
ESpo
f pfu;l csed v
f Ykd owfrw
S Mf uygw,f/
jrefrmEdik if eH YJ tdref ;D csi;f Edik if aH wGrmS ESpo
f pf
wpfEpS u
f kd rkwo
f &kH moDrwdik rf D usi;f yMuwJh
twGuf ajrmufurmjcrf;aEGOD;yGJawGvdkY
owfrw
S x
f m;ygw,f/ tJ't
D csed u
f tylq;kH
tcsed jf zpfwt
hJ wGuf vlawGvnf; pdpk pkd w
G pf w
G f
aecsiv
f eG ;f Muygw,f/
'gayrJh wlnw
D t
hJ csuaf wG&adS eayr,fh Edik if H
wpfcck si;f pD&UJ ESpo
f pfu;l usi;f yyHak wGuawmh
wpfcek w
YJ pfck rwlMuygbl;/

a&mrtifyg,mBuD;ysupf ;D oGm;Ny;D wJah emuf


rSmawmh taemufEikd if w
H csKUd [m ESpo
f pfu;l aeY
udk c&prwf 'grSr[kwf tDpwmwdv
Yk kd c&pf
,meftm;vyf&ufawGeYJ csed u
f u
kd Nf y;D owfrw
S f
cJhMuygw,f/ t*FvefEdkifiH[m Zefe0g&Dv
1 &ufaeYudk ESpfwpfESpf&JU tpaeYtjzpf
qufNy;D owfrw
S cf MhJ uNy;D 1752 ckEpS rf mS *sL;
jyu'ed u
f ae *&D*;kd &D;,ef;jyu'ed u
f kd rajymif;
ciftcsed rf mS t*FvefEikd if &H UJ w&m;0if;kH oH;k
jyu'ed t
f & ESpo
f pfu;l aeY[m rwfv 25 &uf
aeYrmS usa&mufayr,fh Zefe0g&Dv 1 &uf oD&rd if;xGe;f bmomjyefonf/
aeYukd bmoma&;yGaJ wmf&ufawGjzpfwhJ ]c&pf
rwf 12 &uf} rSm xnfah ygif;cJyh gw,f/
rwfv 25 &ufaeY[m c&pfawmf\rdcif
avmif;tjzpf r,fawmfrm&Dtm; aMujim
jcif;aeY (av'Da';vdkYvnf; twdkaumuf
ac:)jzpfwt
hJ wGuf tJ'aD eYukd ESpw
f pfEpS &f UJ
tpaeYtjzpf owfrw
S cf MhJ uygw,f/ oH;k v
wpfBurd f &moDtvku
d u
f si;f ywJh aumufopf
pm;yGJawmfav;cku wpfck[m bmoma&;
yGaJ wmfaeYawGeu
YJ yfNy;D usa&mufovdk aeYwmeJY
nwmnDwt
hJ csed f 'grSr[kwf ,mOfpeG ;f csed f
awGrSmvnf; usa&mufygw,f/ av'Da';
udak wmh xH;k wrf;pOfvmt& aEGO;D tpydik ;f rSm
owfrw
S yf gw,f/

wkwfEkdifiH(,leefjynfe,f)

eDayg
A,f&Sf&Sm;cD;yGJawmf
eDaygEikd if &H UJ w&m;0ifjyu'ed tf &aerif;Bu;D urmudyk wfwm
wpfESpfjynhfwJhtcsdefvkdYowfrSwfygw,f/ vtvSnfhtywf
toGm;tvmudkMunfhNyD; jyKvkyfxm;wJh jyu'deft&uawmh
ESpfopful;u Edk0ifbmvrSm pwifygw,f/

qkdu&efa&upm;yGJ
usefwJh&ufawGtwGif;rSm olwdkYeJYtwl
ygvmr,fh uHqdk;awGeJY tpm;xdk;zdkYtwGuf
xdkif;EdkifiHajrmufydkif;rSm vlawG[m bkef;BuD;
ausmif;awGqD oJawG,lvmMuNyD; tJ'DoJ
awGeJY oJyHkapwD wnfMuygw,f/

uarm'D;,m;
tdEd,
uGJjym;pHkvifvSwJh vlrsKd;trsm;tjym;&Sd&m
tdEd,EdkifiHrSmawmh ESpfopful;csdefuvnf;
vlrsKd;pkawGt& rwlnDMuygbl;/ jynfe,fwdkif;
rSm ESpfopful;yGJawmfudk usif;yMuygw,f/

{NyDvv,f
kd;&m"avUrsm;

ESpfopful;yGJawmf
uarm'D;,m;awGuawmh ESpfopful;
a&obifyGJawmfudk oHk;&ufMumusif;yygw,f/

b*Fvm;a'h&Sf
ydka[;vmbdGKif&SufcfyGJawmf
b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiH&JU ESpfopful;rSmawmh
pD;yGm;a&;orm;awG[m pm&if;pmtkyfta[mif;
pmtkyftopfeJY pwifMuygw,f/

jrefrmoMuFef
'DESpf oBuFefuswJh&ufu {NyD 13
&ufuae 16 &uf jzpfygw,f/

oD&dvuFm
tvkoftAll;'g;yGJawmf
oD&dvuFmEdkifiHrSmawmh ESpfa[mif;ukefwJhtcsdefeJY
ESpfopfpwJhtcsdeftwGif;Mum;csdefav;rSmavmuD
tvkyf bmwpfckrSmrvkyfMubJ bmoma&;
qdkif&mudpawGudkyJ aqmif&GufMuygw,f/

pifumylESifh rav;&Sm;
Puththandu yGJawmf
wrDvfawG&JU ESpfopful;yGJawmfudk EdkifiHawmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm
usif;yygw,f/ESpfwpfESpf&JU yxrOD;qHk;tBudrfwJhtwGuf
uHaumif;apzdkY vlBuD;awGu uav;awGudk rkefYzdk;ay;Muygw,f/

we*FaEG? {NyD 13? 2014


wefcl;vqef; 14 &ufaeY? 1375

wevFm? {NyD 14? 2014


wefcl;vjynfhaeY? 1375

t*Fg? {NyD 15? 2014


wefcl;vqkwf 1 &ufaeY? 1375

tMuwfaeY

twufaeY

tBudKaeYrSm pm;yJGaomufyJG tvSLtwef;


usif;yavh&Sdygw,f/ trSefu a&ryuf&yg
bl;/ 'gayrJh wcsdKUvnf;a&yufaeMuygw,f/
a&pdk&if pdwfrqdk;MuygeJY/ twmtkd;rSm
ckepfaeYeH yef;pHkxnfhNyD; tdrfa&SUrSm
oyfoyfxm;NyD; odMum;rif;udk BudKMuygw,f/

odMum;rif; vlYjynfudkqif;NyD/
tcsdeftwdtusajym&&if 'DESpf
eHeuf 10 em&D 18 rdepf 39
puefY? wpfEdkifiHvHk;a&yufNyD/
a&pdkzdkYjyifxm;ayawmh/

yHkrSeftm;jzifh tMuwfaeYu
wpf&ufwnf;&Sdygw,f/ 0gxyf
ESpfawGrSm tMuwfaeY
ESpf&ufqdkawmh oBuFef
aysmfcsifwJholawG tBudKufaygh/

aeYv,f 2 em&D? 23 rdepf? 20 puefY/


odMum;rif; ewfjynfjyefwufNyD/ tJ'DaeYqdk
tpnfqHk;ygyJ/ taysmfvGefNyD; nbuftxd
a&upm;wwfMuvdYk tcktpd;k &u nae 6 em&D
aemufydkif;a&ryuf&trdefYxkwfxm;ygw,f/

tBudKaeY

&efuek f
&efuek o
f BueF u
f awmh vrf;wdik ;f ? ae&m
wdik ;f rSm a&yufoal wG? a&upm;olawGeYJ BuKd qkd
aerSm trSeyf gyJ/

tusaeY

b,fae&mawG tpnfum;qH;k jzpfrvJ


tm;vHk;aysmf&TifMuwJh tcsdeftcgor,twGif; &efukefNrdKU aps;0,fpifwmtrsm;pk ydwfxm;rSmjzpfygw,f/

37000 eJY vufrSwf0,f,lEdkifrSmjzpfNyD; BLIZZARD (urmat;bk&m;vrf;)


d;k d;k a&ydu
k f 600 eJY rD;owfyu
kd f ajcmufck
wpf&ufcsif;pDtwGuf vufrSwfc usyf
at;at;csrf;csrf;? tqift
h wef;jrifjh rifh 12000? usyf 15000? usyf 18000 EIef; wdkYeJY upm;EdkifwJh BLIZZARD a&upm;
S f 45000?
vdck siw
f ,fq&kd if 14 Club a&upm;r@yf jzpfygw,f/ zke;f eHygwfu 09450055918? r@yfrmS av;&ufpm d;k d;k vufrw
&Sdygw,f/ dk;dk;vufrSwfu av;&ufpm 095051545? 0973828888 jzpfygw,f/ txl;vufrw
S f usyf 70000 jzpfygw,f/
a&upm;zdYk usyf 50000 owfrw
S x
f m;Ny;D
aeYv,fpmeJY yefcY saf omufo;kH Edik w
f hJ tpDtpOf
txl;vufrw
S u
f usyf 120000 yg/ ESprf sK;d vH;k Hit Man
awG&o
dS vdk txl;vufrw
S yf ikd &f iS af wG twGuf
twGuf aeYv,fpmeJY yefcY saf omufo;kH Edik Nf y;D (urmat;bk&m;vrf;)
em;aecef;awGeYJ tpm;taomuf tpDtpOf
Hit Man rSm a&ydu
k f tacsmif; 500 eJY rsm;vnf ; &S d y gw,f /
vHkjcHKa&;pepfawG? em;aecef;awG yg0ifrSm
zk e f ; eH y gwf u
kd f 5 ckweYkd YJ a&upm;vd&Yk ygw,f/ 095148210? 095024479 wdjYk zpfygw,f/
yg/wpf&ufcsi;f pDvnf; vufrw
S 0f ,f,&l Edik f rD;owfyu
ygao;w,f/ azsmfajza&;tpDtpOfrSm DJ av;&ufvHk;twGuf vufrSwfaps;EIef;u
Roll One eJY DJ Htoo Htoo wdu
Yk non- usyf 45000 jzpfNy;D wpf&ufcsi;f pDtwGuf Project X (urmat;bk&m;vrf;)
stop array system eJY wifqufay;oGm;rSmyg/ usyf 15000? 20000? 25000 wdYk jzpfygw,f/
oBuFefwGif;av;&ufpm vufrSwfwefzdk;
zke;f eHygwfu 09502270? 0973059373? vHjk cKH a&;wpf'gZifausmf apmifMh uyfay;rSmjzpf u usyf 45000 jzpfygw,f/ Pioneer u
YJ wl tcrJo
h ;kH aqmifEikd w
f hJ
09420728106 wdkYyJjzpfygw,f/
Ny;D Juize Muzic DJ School &JU oHpOfawGeYJ oHpOfqef;awGet
vGwv
f w
G v
f yfvyf pD;arsmEdik yf gw,f/ av; yefcY sef YJ bD,mwdu
kY kd aomufo;kH &if; uckef
Black Culture (urmat;bk&m;vrf;)
&ufvHk;twGufaeYv,fpm? yefYcsfeJY tjyef vd&Yk ygw,f/ zke;f eHygwfu 09420177032?
oBuFefwGif;rSm jrefrmdk;&moBuFeftpm; twGuf BuKd yaYkd y;xm;ygw,f/
0973209184? 095128692 yg/
taomufawGpm;&if; a&upm;csifw,f vufrw
S rf mS ,lzt
Ykd wGuf 095019293?
qdk&if wpf&ufwpfrsKd; rdk;EdkifwJh tpm;tpm 0943051873? 095126409 wdkYudk Black Jack (urmat;bk&m;vrf;)
wjcm;r@yfawGrmS awGUEdik cf w
J hJ uHprf;rJ
awGeJY {nfhcHr,fh Black Culture udk oGm;oifh qufoG,fvdkY&ygw,f/
ygw,f/ oBuFefav;&ufvHk;twGuf usyf
tpDtpOfawG? oBuFefrwdkifcifwpf&uf
14 Club (urmat;bk&m;vrf;)

Ak'[l;? {NyD 16? 2014


wefcl;vqkwf 2 &ufaeY? 1375

tzGifhygwDawG&SdrSmrdkY vufrSwfBudK0,fxm;
oifyh gw,f/ DJ aEGO;D &JUvufprG ;f *DwoH
tjyif aeYv,fpm xrif;? yefcY saf omufNy;D
waysmw
f yg; qifEEJG ikd yf gw,f/ av;&ufv;kH
twGuf usyf 40000 owfrSwfxm;NyD;
wpf&ufcsif;pD usyf 25000 jzpfygw,f/
zkef;eHygwfu 095047335 udk qufo,
G f
Edik yf gw,f/

Mumoyaw;? {NyD 17? 2014


wefcl;vqkwf 3 &ufaeY? 1376

ESpfqef;wpf&ufaeY
1376 ESpf aysmf&TifaomESpfjzpfygap/ oBuFef
rSmpkdaewJht0wfawG aevSef;ayawmh/
tusopf? vHkcsnfopf0wfpm;NyD; rdb?
oufBuD;&G,ftkdawGudk uefawmhzdkY
rarhMuygeJY/

rEav;
rEav;eef;ajrmufbufjcrf; trSwf 12
vrf;ray:rSm wpfc?k taemufbufrmS ESpcf ?k
awmifbuf 26 vrf;ay:rSm 15 ckeYJ ta&SU
buf 66 vrf;ay:rSm 15 ck&SdNyD; usHK;
awmifbufeYJ ajrmufzufawGrmS r@yfenf;
w,fqdkNyD;ausmfoGm;zdkY pdwfrul;ygeJY/ tJ'D
bufrmS a&yH;k eJY a&yufupm;olawG trsm;
Bu;D &Syd gw,f/ *Dwtjyif;pm;awG aygufuGJ
csio
f yqd&k if trSwf 12 vrf;ray:u SIR
*DwtzJUG uBuKd qykd gw,f/ Ny;D awmh 26 vrf;u
Alpine r@yfrmS vnf; tqda
k wmfawG&rdS mS yg/

rEav;uefawmfBuD;O,smOf
2013 ckEpS rf mS yxrqH;k tBurd t
f jzpf r@yf
(uefawmfBuD;? arQmfpifuRef;)
aqmufvyk cf iG jhf yKcNhJ y;D t&ifwek ;f u a&&Sm;vdYk
Grand Royal u pDpOfay;xm;wJh av;&uf ajcmufaoGYcJhwJh tJ'Dae&mrSm 'DESpfvnf;
wdkifwdkif tcrJhId;yGJBuD;udk Dream Lover a&upm;r@yfziG Nhf y;D pnfum;zd&Yk ydS gw,f/
wD;0dik ;f eJt
Y wl jzLjzLausmo
f ed ;f ? cspaf umif;?
vif;vif;? qkad w;? 0dik ;f qkcikd o
f ed ;f wdt
Yk jyif OD;ydew
f w
H m;
tjcm;tqdak wmfaygif;rsm;pGm yg0ifazsmaf jz
vGecf w
hJ hJ ESpaf ygif; 160 cefu
Y aqmufvyk f
MurSmjzpfygw,f/ eHeuf 9 em&Duae nae xm;wJh OD;ydefwHwm;u wdkifvHk;awG
6 em&Dtxd FoamygwD? tuawGeYJ tjcm; aqG;jrnfhaewmudk tck topftpm;xdk;
tpDtpOfawGtjyif DJ aomfaomf? qGpZf mvef vJvS,fwmawG vkyfaeygw,f/ oBuFef
EdkifiHu DJ Fred Jungo eJY MopaMw;vs cgor,rSm a&upm;Ny;D armvmwJh {nfo
h nf
Edik if u
H DJ Shane Ob wd&Yk UJ oHpOfawGukd awGukd OD;ydew
f w
H m;u BuKd qakd eygw,f/
eEmatmifEiS fh NzdK;a0ausmf
Mum;&rSmyg/
2014 Grand Royal Thingyan

oHcsyf ,Ofaus;rIjyefvnf
xGef;um;zdkY qkay;r@yf
rsm;rsm;vdkw,f
uREfkyfwdkYonftzGJUpwifwnfaxmifcJhol OD;csKdBuD;u jrefrmEdkifiH oHcsyf,Ofaus;rI?
olYtEkynm0goem?apwemrsm;udk jrefrmwdkif;(rf)uZGefyef;yGifheJY aqG;aEG;xm;ygw,f/
ZGefyef;yGifU
zonpann08@gmail.com

]]'D&yfuu
G rf mS .. emrnfBuD; ..udkyG pma&;BuD;
...rcifql..IrnD;..udkyGcspfZeD;}}
ouFef;uRef;NrdKUe,f&JU qdwfNidrf&yfuGuf
wpfckjzpfwJh ausmif;vrf;xJu acwfrD
taqmufttkHawG Mum;xJrSm opfom;tdrf
i,fav;xJrSm oBuFefoHcsyfudk l;oGyfwJh
OD;csKdBuD;wpfa,muf i,fi,fu olYem;xJ
pGJaewJh ydawmufwap oHcsyftzGJUu oHcsyf
pmom;udk twdkiftazmufnDnDeJY &Gwfqdk&if;
twdwfu jrifuGif;awGudk jrifa,mifMunfh
aeygw,f/
1970 0ef;usif prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,fxJu
emrnfausmf tusn;f wefvw
l pfou
dk f oHcsyf

tzGJU&JU rsKd;quf? uREfkyfwdkYonf pG,fpkH


tiftm;pkoHcsyftzGJU acgif;aqmif OD;csKdBuD;
[m oBueF o
f cD si;f awG [dt
k rd 'f t
D rd u
f Mum;&
NyD qdkwmeJY oHcsyfra&;bJ raeEdkifygbl;/
ig;ESpf t&G,fuwnf;u zcifOD;xGef;&Sdef
OD;aqmifwJh tusnf;wef vlwpfodkuf oHcsyf
tzG J Y r S m wpf a umuf a umuf v d k u f & if ;
qdk&S,fvpf pepfynma&;udk oa&mfwJh oHcsyf
xdk;&if; ausmif;rae&wJh uav;wpfOD;tjzpf
okyfaqmif&if; oHcsyfavmuudk pwif
0ifa&mufvmygw,f/
]]oBuFefa&mufNyDqdk oHcsyfudk wdkifvdkuf&
rS pdwfxJrSm auseyfw,f/ t"du u 0goem
vnf;ygw,f/ vlxk&JU &ifxJrSm &SdaewJh
taMumif;t&mav;awGudk oHcsyftaeeJY
xkwfazmfNyD; wifjyvdkufw,fqdk vlawG&ifxJ

rSm&SdwJh tpdkiftcJav;awG ayghoGm;w,f/


aemufwpfcku kd;&moBuFef b,fvdk&Sdw,f
qdkwm tm;vkH;vnf; arhroGm;atmif
ESpfwdkif; oBuFefqdk um;eJYvSnfhNyD; oHcsyfxdk;
w,f}}vdkY OD;csKdBuD;u ajymygw,f/
uREfkyfwdkYonf pG,fpkHtiftm;pk oHcsyftzGJU
udk 1978 ckESpfrSm tzGJU0if 13 a,mufeJY
pwifzGJUpnf;cJhygwmjzpfNyD; pwifzGJUpnf;wJh
ESpfrSmyJ yxr odkYr[kwf 'kwd,qkawGcsnf;
qGwfcl;cJhw,fvdkY oluqdkw,f/
]]oHcsyfudk trsKd;om;a&;vdkY vufcHxm;
ygw,f/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u igwdkYudkawmh
oHcsyftzGJUawGu ajymaeNyD 'gav;awmh
jyifvdkuf&ifaumif;r,fqdkNyD; jyKjyifvdkuf
&ifawmh twdkif;txuftvGefaygh}}vdkY olu
ajymw,f/

]uREkfyfwdkYonf pG,fpHktiftm;pk} ,refESpfoBuFeftwufaeYwGif yg0if,SOfNydKifaepOf/


]],ciftpdk;&vufxufrSm oHcsyftzGJUawG
twGuf tcuftcJawG trsm;BuD;yJ/ oHcsyf
pmtkyfawG jzJqdkvnf; jzJ&wmyJ/ cGifhjyKcsuf
awG wif&wmvnf; trsm;BuD;/ oHcsyfu@
16 u@avmufwifrS av;u@avmufyJ
cGijhf yKcsu&f w,f/ awmfawmfav;udk cufcuf
cJcJeJY vkyfcJh&w,f/ tJ'geJY ywfoufNyD;

aemufrvkyfawmhygbl;qdkwJh 0efcHuwdawG
vnf; anmif;avmufatmif vufrSwfxdk;cJh
&w,f}}vdkY oluajymw,f/
xdkYtwl qkay;r@yfawGaysmufuG,foGm;
wJh acwfwpfavQmufvHk; olYoHcsyftzGJUu
aiGaMu;tIH;cHNyD; ESpfwdkif; oHcsyfxdk;avh&Sd
w,fvdkY oluajymw,f/

"mwfyHk ay;ydkY

]]wpfESpfrS rysufbl;/ &efukefoBuFef&JU


oH c syf t pOf t vmud k raysmuf a tmif
xdef;odrf;xm;wmqdkvdkY OD;wdkYwpfzGJUwnf;
&Sdw,f/ ESpfpOfESpfwdkif; r@yfr&Sdvnf; uREfkyf
wdkYonf &Sdw,f/ oBuFefa&mufzdkY ESpfv tvdk
avmufrSm oHcsyfpa&;NyD/ oHpOfawG&SmNyD/
qkay;r@yfv;Hk 0 r&Sw
d t
hJ csed f NyKd ipf &m r@yf
r&Sdwmawmif tdrfaygifNyD; xGufw,f/

[d;k t&if OD;wdiYk ,fi,fuwnf;u tm;ay;wJh


&yfuGufawGrSm oGm;azsmfajzawmh olwdkYu
jyefNyD;qkcsD;jrifhay;w,f}}vdkY olu qdkygw,f/
]][dk;t&ifwkef;u wdkufcef;tydkifeJY ae&
w,f/ oBuFefwpfESpfxGuf&if wpfcgIH;
awmh tdrfaygif&w,f/ aemufwjznf;
jznf; IH;&if;IH;&if;eJY tdrfa&mif;vdkuf&wJh
tqifhjzpfoGm;w,f/ aep&mr&Sdawmh

tdrfiSm;ae&w,f/ oBuFefNyD;wmeJY um;


ay:u tvSqifxm;wJhopfom;awGjzKwf
a&mif;/ oBuFefoHcsyfudk 0goemygvGef;vdkY
ayghaemf/ aiGawG b,favmufyJ IH;IH; 'gav;
udk vkyfvdkuf&w,fqdk&if pdwfxJrSm csrf;om
oGm;w,f}}vdkY OD;csKdBuD;u ajymygw,f/
2013 ckESpfrSm vlxkyJhwifoH oHcsyfNydKifyGJeJY
qkay;r@yf wcsKdU&SdvmwJhtwGuf tJ'DESpfu
pNyD; ukefusp&dwfav;awG enf;enf; jyefum
rdvmw,fvdkY oluajymygw,f/
]]'DESpfOD;wdkYtzGJUudk t"du pyGefqm
taeeJY pudkif;euf? a&TtufzftrfeJY trftrf
wDAw
D u
Ykd ay;w,f/ 'DEpS f pyGeq
f mum;ESppf ;D eJY
NydKifyGJ0ifr,f}}vdkY oluajymygw,f/
vlxkyJhwifoH oHcsyfNydKifyGJrSm uREfkyfwdkY
onf pG,fpkHtiftm;pktzGJUu 'kwd,qk&&SdcJh
ygw,f/
]]'D ESpfwdkufr,fh oHcsyfxJrSm orwBuD;u
EGm;EdkYaomufygvdkYajymayr,fh EGm;EdkYqdkifr&Sd
bl;/ bD,m t&ufqdkifawGyJ ae&mwum
aygaew,f/ tJ'gav;udk oHcsyfxdk;r,f}}vdkY
oluajymw,f/

]uREkfyfwdkYonf pG,fpHktiftm;pk}tzGJUacgif;aqmif OD;csKdBuD; ,refESpfoBuFeftwuf


aeYu qkvufcHtNyD; awGU&pOf/"mwfyHk ay;ydkY

"mwfyHk NzdK;a0ausmf

oBuFefrSm b,fvdk
0wfpm;qif,ifMurvJ
atmifausmfGefh
trnf rOrmararmif
touf 18ESpf
ausmif;ol
]]'DEpS o
f BuFef &efukefrSm rdom;pkeJY rkefYvkyfpm;
rSmyg/ r@yfxdkifwmwkdY um;eJYvnfwmwdkY
rvkyfbl;/ rdef;uav;awG 0wfpm;qif,OfrI
u oBuFefrSr[kwfygbl;/ yGJawmfwkdif;
twkdtjywf 'l;txuf 0wfMuwm ydkrsm;vm
Muw,f/ acgif;pOfudku jrefrmhdk;&m
r[moBuFefyGJqdkawmh ,Of,Ofaus;aus;
qifETJoifhwmaygh/ 'gayrJh oBuFefrSm jrefrmh
kd;&m 0wfpHkudk0wf&r,fvkdY rqkdvkdygbl;/
vHkvHkjcHKjcHK 0wfpm;qif,OfNyD; a&upm;oifh
w,fvkdY xifygw,f/ oBuFefrSm *sif;abmif;
bDt&SnfeJY vuf&Snftusav;eJY qkdvnf;
'g xbD0wfwmxufpm&ifawmh acwfqef
wmygyJ/}}
trnf a':0if;Munf
touf 59ESpf
vufru
I Rr;f usif
i,fi,fwek ;f u oBueF u
f kd awmfawmfav;
aysmcf zhJ ;l w,f/ rdom;pket
YJ wl um;eJv
Y nfovd?k
oli,fcsi;f awGev
YJ nf; vnfz;l w,f/ 'gayrJh
bmtE&m,frS r&Scd b
hJ ;l / tm;vH;k u nDtpfukd
armifESrpdwfeJYyJ a&yufw,f? aemufwm
ajymifwmawmh&w
dS maygh/ aemufNy;D oBueF rf mS
oHcsyfxkd;yGJawG trsm;BuD;MunfhcJhzl;w,f/
aemufNy;D oBueF t
f vSum;Bu;D awGukd awmf
awmfjrifczJh l;w,f/ tck 'gawGu aysmuf
uG,o
f avmufenf;oGm;Ny/D tcka&upm;wJh
rdefuav;awGu acwfeJYtnD0wfpm;NyD;
oBuFefudkqifETJMuwm/ acwfqefwmawmh
aumif;ygw,f/ 'gayrJh a[mha[mh&rf;&rf;
0wfpm;qif,OfwwfwhJ rde;f uav;udk aoG;wk;d
prf;csiw
f o
hJ al wGu rsm;w,f/ 'Dacwfuvnf;
tefwDwkdYwkef;uvdk dk;om;ygw,fqdkwJhol
awG r&Sad wmhb;l / aumifav;awGuvnf;
a[mha[mh&rf;&rf;awGeJYqkdawmh rdefuav;
awGvnf; *kpu
kd Nf y;D ae&r,f/ tefww
D aYkd cwf
u oBueF q
f &dk if rdeu
f av;awGu xbDa&pdk
av;awGeYJ vHv
k jkH cKH jcKH a&;upm;Muw,f/ tck
awmh jrifae&wmuawGUvku
d &f if *si;f abmif;
bDtwdak wGeYJ tefww
D Ykd tjrifrmS rwifw
h ,f
bl;/ 'gayrJh tjrifrwifw
h ,fwmxuf ud,
k hf
vkyfvkdufwJhtjyKtrlaexkdifyHku udk,fhrdb
aqGrsK;d todik ;f t0dik ;f udk wku
d f u
kd x
f cd u
dk w
f wf
w,f/ tJ'h gaMumifh 'DEpS o
f BueF rf mS rdeu
f av;
awG acwfqefqefeYJ vHv
k jkH cKH jcKH 0wfNy;D oBueF f
qifEo
JT ifw
h ,f/

trnf OD;ausm0f if;vdiI f


touf 26ESpf
tif*sief ,
D m
]]tck 'DESpfoBuFefrSmvnf; rdef;uav;
awGawmfawmfrsm;rsm; twkdtjywfawG
0wfaeOD;rSmyJ/ bmjzpfvv
Ykd q
J adk wmh tifwm
eufawG acwfpm;vmwJhtwGuf 0wfpm;
qif,ifyakH wG tGev
f ikd ;f rSmMunfv
h &Ykd aeNyaD v/
vuf&Sdtaetxm;u rdef;uav;awGudk
Ekid if jH cm;zuf&iS af wGu vTr;f rd;k aewm awGU&
w,f/ 'ghaMumifhyGJwkdif;rSmvnf; EkdifiHjcm;
zuf&SifawGeJY yGJwufvmwmawGU&w,f/
'Dvdk 0wfqifr[
I m tE&m,fuv
kd ufjyac:
aeovkyd gyJ/ [dt
k &ifacwfwek ;f uqkd oBueF f
rSm trsK;d orD;awGu jrefrmh;kd &m0wfpakH wGeYJ
a&upm;Muw,f/ 'g[m odyt
f jrifwifw
h ,f
ygw,f/ tckt0wftpm;rS ajymif;vJwm
r[kwb
f ;l oBueF rf mS rde;f uav;awGb,
D m
cGufav;eJY aq;vdyfav;awG vufxJrSm&Sd
w,f/ 'gawGyaysmufzYkd awmfawmfav; tcsed f
ay;Ny;D vky,
f &l rSmyg/ yaysmufatmifvyk w
f hJ
ae&mrSmvnf; rdbawG&JU tcef;u@u
ta&;Bu;D ygw,f/ rdbawGu,
kd w
f idk u
f acwf
a&pD;aMumif;ay:vkdufNyD; 0wfpm;&ifawmh
om;orD;udk xde;f odr;f zdYk cufomG ;vdrrhf ,f/
trnf a':0g0gcdik rf if;
touf 42 ESpf
Ou|? eef;0g0garmifEiS hf y&[dwarmifErS
rsm;tzJUG
]]i,fi,fu oBueF q
f adk ysmw
f ,f/ ESppf Of
oBuFefa&mufwkdif; ,drf;ucJhMuw,f/
tpfr 10 wef;avmuftxd oBueF af &muf
wkid ;f &yfuu
G rf @yfawGrmS oli,fcsi;f awGeYJ
ujzpfovdk NrKd Ue,fr@yfawGrmS vnf; ujzpf
w,f/ tpfrwdw
Yk ek ;f u oBueF rf mS vHv
k jkH cKH jcKH
0wfpm;Muwmrsm;ygw,f/ tckaemufydkif;
qd;k qd;k 0g;0g;0wfpm;qif,OfNy;D oBueF rf mS aysmf
aeMuwJyh akH wG tifwmeufay: wufvmwJh
tcg jrefrmrdef;uav;awG [kwfrS[kwf&JU
vm;vkdY awmfawmfav;tHhMordNyD; Iwfcs
txifao;rdw,f/ 'Dvdk0wfpm;qif,if
wmaMumifh ud,
k w
f pfa,mufwnf; odum us
wm r[kwb
f J ud,
k ahf rmifErS rdbaqGrsK;d awGukd
vnf; t&Su&f apw,fvYkd xifygw,f/ 'Dvkd
0wfpm;qif,ifraI wG[m b,forYl mS wm0ef
&Sw
d ,fvYkd ajymvdrYk &bl;/ vlwikd ;f rSm todPf
udk,fpD&SdwmyJ/ 'Dvdk0wfpm; qif,ifrIawG
yaysmufEikd zf Ykd t"dutaeeJY vlwpfO;D csi;f pDu
ud,
k yf ikd t
f odeYJ ud,
k u
hf ,
kd u
f kd xde;f odr;f Edik Mf u
&if oBueF jf rifuiG ;f awGu wefz;kd &S&d edS YJ ydrk v
kd yS
g
aer,fvYkd ,HMk unfygw,f/ 

12

d;k &mtarGtESpf pm&if;pk


xJu oBueF yf jkH yifwcsKUd
pEmvGif
sdlsandar@gmail.com

vlUtzGUJ tpnf; wpfck&JU dk;&mtarGtESpf


pm&if;pkxJrSm '@m&DawG? yHkjyifawGvnf;
yg0if ygw,f/ 'D'@m&DyHkjyifawGuae
vlYtzGJUtpnf;&JU pdwful;mPf <u,f0
&ifhoefrIudk tuJcwfEdkifw,fvdkY qdkygw,f/
jrefrm vlYtzGJUtpnf;uawmh '@m&D
<u,f0wJh vlYtzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfyg/
oBuFef'@m&D yHkjyifawGuawmh oBuFef&JU
obm0udk xif[yfovdk jrefrmAk'bmom
pmayvm ewfawG? jA[mawGudk Zmwfaumif
tjzpf yg0ifxm;ygw,f/
oBuFef&uftwGif; odMum;rif;BuD; vlYjynf
qif;w,fqdkwJh uav;vlBuD; yg;pyfzsm;u
oBuFefyHkjyif&JUtp[m tr&yl&acwf euwf
aA'ifynm&Si]f pE&edS ;f ud;k }vdYk pmayAdrmefxw
k f]
jrefrmh"avh cgoBuFef} pmtkyfu qdkygw,f/
ykPm; vlrsKd; ]pE&Sdef;udk;} u ESpfwpfESpf&JU
tul;tajymif;umv (r[moBuFef) jzpfvm
yHkudk jrefrmwdkY em;pGJxm;wJh odMum;rif;BuD;
vljY ynfqif;w,fqw
kd hJ jzpf&yfeYJ wifpm;&Si;f jy
wmjzpfw,fvdkY pma&;q&m atmifNidrf;csrf;
(rEav;)u tqdyk gpmtkyrf mS a&;xm;w,f/
[dELeuwfaA'iftvdk aerif; (we*FaEG
N*dK[f)[m urmudkywfwJh c&D;wpfywfjynfh
jcif;eJY aemufwpfausmh jyefywf&ef pwifjcif;
pyful;rwful; tul;tajymif;umvtydkif;
tjcm;xJ 0ifa&mufvmjcif;udk odMum;rif;
vlYjynfpqif;jcif; (oBuFeftus)? tul;
tajymif;umvxJ a&mufaejcif;udk odMum;
rif; vljY ynfaeqJ&uf (oBueF t
f Muwf)? tul;
tajymif;umv NyD;pD;um aemufwpfywf
c&D;pOftwGif; vHk;vHk;0ifa&mufoGm;jcif;udk
odMum;rif; jyefwufomG ;jcif; (oBueF t
f wuf)
vdkY wifpm;&Sif;jywm jzpfw,fvdkY qdkygw,f/
odMum;rif; vlYjynfvmwwfw,fqdkwJh
pdwful;uawmh vlom;awGtwGuf tusifh
pm&dwydkif;qdkif&m owday;zdkY taMumif;ay:
&ifjzpfap? yg&rDjrifhrm;wJh bk&m;avmif; pol
wdkYeJYywfoufwJh xl;jcm;jzpf&yfawG &Sd&if
jzpfap odMum;rif; vlYjynfudk vmwwfw,f
qdkwm Ak'bmom pmayusrf;*efawGrSm

NrdKUawmf0efa&upm;r@yf
aqmufvkyfaeonfudk ,refESpfu
awGU&pOf/"mwfyHk atmifaX;vIdif

azmfjywJh taMumif;t&m jzpfygw,f/


'DESpfckudkaygif;NyD; oBuFef&ufrSm odMum;
rif; vljY ynfvmum aumif;rIuo
k v
kd yf mG ;olukd
a&Tyk&ydkufeJY? raumif;rIvkyfolukd acGom;a&
yk&ydu
k ef YJ rSww
f rf;aumufw,fqw
kd hJ ,Hw
k rf;
pum;wpfyk'f jzpfvmcJh[ef&Sdygw,f/
aemuf,w
kH rf; wpfy'k f jzpfwhJ odMum;rif;u
jzwfxm;wJh jA[m&JU OD;acgif;udk oBueF u
f mv
rSm ewforD;awG vufvv
JT ufajymif; vkyrf ,f
qdkwmuawmh [dELdk;&m ydkqefwJh,Hkwrf;
wpfyk'fyg/ acgif;jzwf&wJh taMumif;&if;u
odMum;rif;eJY ]tmoD} trnf& tJ'DjA[mwdkY
a<utHupm;&if; avmif;aMu;HI;vdkY jzwfwm/
oBuFefumveJY ywfoufNyD; jiif;ckef&if;
odMum;rif;u pdwfrxdef;EdkifvdkY jzwfwm
ponfjzifh rluGJtrsKd;rsKd;&Sdygw,f/ 'DyHkjyifu
vnf; umvtajymif;tvJrSmaeeJYtwl
tjcm;euww
f m&mawG&UJ wnfaeyHt
k ajymif; 0dwf'f*dkif,pf'f
tvJudk wifpm;wmvnf; jzpffEdkifygw,f/ wadeguyitt@gmail.com
'gayrJh Ak'pmayvm aomwmyeft&d,m
olawmfaumif; odMum;rif; OD;rmCu jrefrmwdkY&JUESpfopful; oBuFefaeY&ufawGrSm
avmif;upm;vkyw
f m? jA[mudk owfjzwfwm jzwfoGm;jzwfvmvlawGeJY um;awGudk a&
upm;olawG a&yufEdkifzdkY vkyfxm;wJhpif
awGudk bmvdkYac:ygovJ/ wu,fawmh
oifb,fEdkifiHu vmovJqdkwJhtay:rSmyJ
rlwnfygw,f/ wu,fvdkY oifu t*Fvdyf
pum;eJaY jymr,fq&kd if 'DpifawGukd ]yef',fv}f
(pandal) vdkY
ac:aumif;ac:rSmjzpfNyD;
jrefrmpum;eJYajymr,fqdk&ifawmh r@yf
(mandat) vdkYac:ygvdrfhr,f/
'gayrJh yef',fvfudk t*Fvdyfpum;vHk;
awGu Ak'bmom,kwdeJY rudkufnDvdkYvm; wpfvHk;taeeJY b,fvdkenf;eJYowfrSwfxm;
rqdkEdkifbl; 'DyHkjyifu jrefrmawGMum;rSm wmvJ/ pandal &JUtoHxGufu EdkifiHjcm;
vlajymodyfrrsm;bJ aumif;rI ukodkvfyGm;zdkY a0g[m&toHxGufyHkpHeJY awmfawmfav;
wGef;tm;ay;wJh odMum;rif; a&Tyk&ydkuf? acG; qifaeygw,f/ trSefuawmh EdkifiHjcm;om;
om;a&yk&ydu
k w
f eYkd YJ rSww
f rf;aumufwyhJ jkH yifu trsm;pkudk ar;jref;Munfhr,fqdk&if pandal
yJ acwfay:*DwawGxJ a&muf&SdwJhtxd vl qdkwm jrefrma0g[m&wpfckvdkYyJvdkY ajz
i,fvlBuD;ra&G;Mum;rSm a&yef;pm;ygw,f/ aumif; ajzMuygvdrfhr,f/
'DESpf tzdkYvnf; odMum;rif;u vlqdk;?
'DurmvSnfhc&D;oGm;awGu ]vHkcsnf}udk
vlaumif; rSwfwrf;aumufzdkY tjzLESpfESpf "sarong" vdkY b,fawmhrS ac:rSmr[kwfygbl;
EGm;EdkYopf ta&mift0wf wefqmudk qifNyD; 'grSr[kwf ]rkefY[if;cg;}udkvnf; "fish soup"
tJarmif;vSH? cRefawmif;wdkYudk ukdifum vdkY ac:rSmr[kwfygbl;/ 'gqdk olwdkYu bmvdkY
a>r,mOfudk pD;NyD; vlYjynfqif;vmr,fvdkY r@yf(mandat) vdkY rac:bJ pandal vdkY
g
oBuFefpmu qdkxm;ygw,f/ 
ac:&wmudk ydkESpfoufaeMurSmvJ/

r@yfeJYyef',f qdkwJha0g[m&

aumif;rIukodkvfyGm;
oludk a&Tyk&ydkufeJY?
raumif;rIvkyfolukd
acGom;a&yk&ydkufeJY

yxrqHk; ajym&r,fqdk&if aemufcH


taMumif;awG&Sdaeygw,f/ jrefrma0g[m&
trsm;pktwdkif;yJ r@yfqdkwmuvnf; ygVd
a0g[m&jzpfwJh "mandapa" uae qif;ouf
vmwmjzpfygw,f/ 'Da0g[m&&JU t"dym ,fu
[dELbk&m;ausmif;wpfck&JU ae&mwpfckudk
&nfTef;wmjzpfygw,f/
jcm;em;wmu pandal qdkwJha0g[m&u
wrDvaf 0g[m& pantal u qif;oufvm wm
jzpfygw,f/ olY&JUt"dym,fuawmh r@yf
uem;vdkY t"dym,f&NyD; olYudk tif'D;,ef;
t*FvdyfrSm bmoma&;yGJawmf? 'grSr[kwf
r*Fvmtcrf;tem;awGrSm wnfaqmufMu
wJh taqmufttHkwpfcktjzpf &nfnTef;
xm;NyD; oD&dvuFmEdkifiHrSmvnf; 'Dtwdkif;yJ
&nfTef;ygw,f/ atmufrSmazmfjyxm;wm
uawmh atmufpfzdkYwf t*Fvdyftbd"mef
xJrSmazmfjyxm;wJh tapmqHk;toHk;tEIef;
OyrmawGxJu wcsKdUjzpfygw,f/
1692 ckEpS rf mS "Open pandall Chappel" vdYk
oHk;ygw,f/ 1800 jynfhESpfrSm "I would not
enter his pundull, because he had not paid
the labourers who made it" vdYk oH;k xm;ygw,f/
1893 ckESpfrSmawmh "The town was gaily
decorated in honour of his visit, twenty
pandals having been erected along the
route to Government House qdkNyD; oHk;EIef;

xm;ygw,f/
'Dpum;vH;k u jrefrmEdik if u
H t*Fvyd pf um;
ajymolawGtMum; b,fvdkb,fyHka&mufvm
ygovJ/ ajym&r,fq&kd ifjrefrmEdik if u
H kd tdE,
d
EdkifiH&JU tpdwftydkif;wpfcktjzpfNAdwdoQawG
tkyfcsKyfcJhpOftcgu NAdwdoQawGu pandal
pum;vH;k udk oH;k cJw
h m awGU&ygw,f/ atmufpf
zdkYwft*Fvdyftbd"mefxJrSm azmfjyxm;wJh
1929 ckESpfu oHk;cJhwJh OyrmwpfckrSm "Her

mother, the Kalawoon's wife, was running


the pandal or festival pavilion for Thibaw"

vdkY a&;om;azmfjyxm;wm awGU&ygw,f/


jrefrmEdkifiHu tdEd,r[kwfygbl;/ aemuf
NyD; uHaumif;axmufrpGmeJY jynfwGif;rSm
ac:a0:oHk;pGJcJhwJh udkvdkeDacwfu a0g[m&
trsm;pkudkvnf; toHk;rjyKMuawmhwm
awmfawmfav;MumcJyh gNy/D 'gayrJh bmaMumifh
rSef; rodygbl;/ pandal qdkwJha0g[m&udk
awmh 'DaeYxd oHk;aeMuwkef;ygyJ/ 'gaMumifh
'Dpum;vHk;udkoHk;zdkY c&D;oGm;{nfhonfawGudk
oifjyaewmb,folvJ/ EdkifiHjcm;c&D;oGm;
{nfhonfawG av,mOfay:u tqif;rSm
The Burman: His Life and Notions qdkwJh
pmtkyfudk ay;aewkef;yJvm;/
'gu tJ'Davmufawmh rqdk;&Gm;ygbl;/
'DaeYrSmawmh pandal u jrefrmt*FvdyfvdkY
ac:wJh tenf;i,fomusew
f ahJ 0g[m&pm&if;
&JU pdwf0ifpm;p&mOyrmwpfck jzpfygw,f/
NAdwdoQpH,lynma&;pepfwpfckudk qufNyD;
oif,lcJh&wJholawGaMumifh 'Dpum;vHk;u
vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;acwfrSm wGifus,fvmNyD;
ESpfaygif; 60 Mumatmif qufNyD;&Sifoef
cJhzG,f&Sdygw,f/ tcktcsdefrSm jrefrmEdkifiHudk
a&mufvmwJh EdkifiHjcm;om;awGudk jrefrm
Edik if o
H m;awGu t*Fvyd v
f akd jymMur,fq&kd if
r@yftpm; yef',fvfudkyJ oHk;ygw,f/
pandal u vuf&t
dS *Fvyd pf mtoH;k rSm ae&m
wpfae&m &xm;NyD;ygNyD/ 'gayrJh pandal eJY
mandat qdw
k ahJ 0g[m&ESpcf pk vH;k u 0PEpS cf k
&Sw
d ma&m? tu&majcmufv;kH ygwma&m wlae
ygw,f/ a0g[m&ESpcf &k UJ yxrqH;k eJaY emufq;kH
tu&mav;awGyJ rwlwmjzpfygw,f/ 'g
Yk majym
aMumifh ESpo
f pfrmS r@yf (mandat) vdo
qdk&if; a0g[m&udk enf;enf;avmufcsJUxGif
MunfhMuygpdkY/ 0if;aomfwm bmomjyefonf/g

13

wpfcgu vGr;f p&m rEav;oBueF f


1970 jynfhvGefESpfawGwkef;u rEav;NrdKU&JU oBuFefjrifuGif;rSm jrefrmh,Ofaus;rItpOftvm odrfarGUEl;nHhrIawG &SdcJhyHkudk pma&;olu jyefvnfjrifa,mifxm;ygw,f
aMu;rkH0if;
kyaymonewin@gmail.com

rwfv wwd,ywfavmufq&kd ifukd &yfuu


G f
xJu vlysKd? tysKdawG [dkem;rSmwpfpk? 'Dem;rSm
wpfzGJUeJY pkkH;wkdifyifaeMuNyD/
&yfuGufxdyfawG? vrf;xdyfawGrSmqkd
vnf; a&obiftoif;aMumfjim? oHcsyf
toif;aMumfjimawGu vufndK;xdk;rvGJ/
nydkif;usawmhvnf; tdrfawGwkdif;rSm vlawG
utjynfh/ tdrf0dkif;xJu ajruGufvyfus,f
awGrmS zsmMurf;awG jzefcY if;Ny;D wD;vk;H wku
d o
f l
wdkuf? tuwkdufolwkdufvkdY pdkif;jyif;aeMuNyD/
wu,fawmh tckajymoGm;wJh jrifuiG ;f awG
jzpf&yfawG[m 1970 jynfhvGefESpfawGwkef;
u rEav;NrdKU&JU oBuFeftBudKjrifuGif;awG
omjzpfygw,f/ ref;oBuFefyJGawmf[m wpf
acwfwpfcgu NrdKUrNidrf;&JU *DwtzJGUeJYtwl
te,fe,ft&yf&yfu jrefrmEdkifiHom;awG&JU
pdwfESvHk;udk zrf;,lqkyfudkifEdkifcJhzl;ygw,f/
rsuaf rSmufcwfrmS awmh 'Dvrdk [kwaf wmhygbl;/
]]uReaf wmfww
Ydk ek ;f u q,fwef; pmar;yGJ
ajzNy;D wJah eYq&dk ifukd vrf;xdyrf mS qdik ;f bkwaf wG
a&mufvmMuNyD/ b,ftoif;u 0ifaMu;
b,favmufeJY 0wfpHkay;r,f pojzifhaygh/
reufq&dk if vufzuf&nfqidk rf mS bmvkyMf u
r,fqdkwm wkdifyifaqG;aEG;? nbufqkd&if
0if;awGxrJ mS t&yfoal v;awG tuwku
d f
wmudk oGm;ai;eJ/Y oBueF rf wdik cf if wpfv

avmuftvku
d wnf;u jyifqifMueJY aysmpf &m
aumif;cJw
h ,f}} vdYk rEav;NrKd UcH pma&;q&m
ql;iSuu
f ajymw,f/
]]rEav;rSm oBueF t
f BuKd aeYqdk a&vk;H 0
yufavh r&Sb
d ;l / aemufNy;D tJ'w
D ek ;f u rEav;
&JU csppf &maumif;wJ"h avhwpfcu
k tBuKd aeY
qdk&if tvSjyum;awG pDwef;Ny;D r[mrked
bk&m;BuD;udkoGm;NyD; OD;wkdufMuwmyJ/
y&dowfu aps;csKd em&Dpifem;eJY bk&m;Bu;D em;
rSm apmifMh unfMh u&w,f/ wpfEpS f wpfEpS f
oBueF t
f wGuf zGUJ pnf;wJh tutoif;? oHcsyf
toif;? tvSjyum;toif;u tenf;qH;k 150
avmuf&w
dS ,f}}vdYk oluqdyk gw,f/
tJ't
D csed af wGwek ;f u rEav;NrKd Uu tck
avmufus,fjyefYjcif; r&Sdao;ayr,fh
rEav;&JU oBueF cf sppf w
d u
f Edik if aH usmcf yhJ g
w,f/ zGJUpnf;cJhMuwJhtoif;awGudkvnf;
A[drk @yftjyif NrKd Ue,fwpfcck si;f pDrmS qkay;
r@yfawGaqmufNy;D qkcs;D jri ahf y;Muwmu
vnf; toif;awG tJ'DvkdNrdKifNrdKifqkdifqkdif
zGUJ pnf;jzpfzYdk wGe;f tm;wpf&yf jzpfcyhJ akH y:ygw,f/
tJ'Dwkef;u A[dkr@yftygt0if Xme
qkid &f m r@yfawGtjyif yk*v
u
d azsmaf jza&;
r@yfawG[m 'DacwfrSmvdk usHK;ywfvnf
aqmufMuwm r[kwyf gbl;/ 84 vrf;? 26
bDvrf;? vrf; 30? vrf; 80 pwJh t"du
vrf;rBu;D awGay:rSmom Bu;D us,f crf;em;pGm
aqmufvyk cf MhJ uw,fvYdk qdMk uw,f/
]]igwkw
Yd ek ;f u tckvkd usKH ;ywfywfvnfrmS yJ

r@yfawG &Sdwmr[kwfbl;/ wpfNrdKUvHk;u


usKH ;a&udk oH;k pGaJ eMuvkYd usKH ;ab;rSm r@yfukd
vkycf iG hf ray;wm/ aemufNy;D rEav;oBueF u
f
a&yufwmt"du r[kwfbl;/ azsmfajza&;
r@yfawGyJrsm;NyD; a&yufr@yfqkdwm
u tkef;vufav;awGeJY xdk;NyD; a&cGufeJY
wpfEdkifyufMuwmrsdK;yJ &Sdwm/ nbufu
t"duyJ/ nbufqkd wpfNrdKUvHk; rD;awG
xdef;vif;NyD; oBuFefoDcsif;oHawGeJY nHae

150

a&S;tcgu rEav;oBuFeftoif;ta&twGuf
wmyJ/ oBueF Nf y;D oGm;rSmudk aMumufaewm}} vdYk
q&mql;iSuu
f ajymw,f/
]]1927 ckEpS f 1928 ckEpS f avmufupvdYk
tvSjyum;awGeYJ pvSnMhf uw,f/ NrKd Ur toif;
udkawmh 1925 ckESpfuwnf;u pwif
wnfaxmifwmyg/ 1965 ckEpS u
f ae 1975
ckESpfxd tJ'Dwkef;u vQrf;vQrf;awmuf
emrnfBuD;cJw
h Jh udk0if;OD;eJY NrdKUreJY yl;aygif;
azsmaf jzcJMh uw,f/ tJ'w
D ek ;f uoBueF u
f vnf;
t&rf;pnfum;cJw
h m}}vdYk NrKd Urtoif;&JU Ou|
a'gufwmvScikd u
f qkyd gw,f/
1970 jynfEh pS rf wkid cf ifeYJ 1970 jynfv
h eG f

ESpaf wGrmS tJ'v


D kd tH;k tH;k uRuu
f Rupf nfum;cJh
wJhrEav;oBueF Bf u;D u 1974 ckEpS af emufyikd ;f
rSmawmh wkid ;f jynfp;D yGm;a&;usqif;wmeJt
Y wl
NrKd Uvnf; pD;yGm;a&;usqif;rIaMumifh tutvS
toif;awGvnf; t&ifvdk rxGuEf ikd af wmhwhJ
tajctae jzpfvmcJw
h ,fvYdk qkyd gw,f/
1978 ckEpS ef YJ 1980 jynfEh pS af wGrmS awmh
yk*v
u
d toif;awmfawmfrsm;rsm; r@yfawG
rxGufEdkifwmaMumifh rEav;oBuFef[m
awmfawmfav; ajcmufuyfvmcJNh y;D tpd;k &u
Xmeqkid &f mawGukd rjzpfrae r@yfx;dk ckid ;f &yg
awmhw,f/
vlwpfOD;csif;pD&JU xnfh0ifaiGeJY vlwkdif;
yg0ifqifEcJT MhJ uwJh rEav;&JU t&ifu oBueF f
udk rDco
hJ l awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u vuf&adS cwf
tajctaet& oBuFefaysmufoGm;rSmudk
pd;k aMumufaeyHyk gyJ/ rsK;d csppf w
d jf yif;jywJh NrKd UcH
wcsKd Uuvnf; usKH ;Bu;D udk ausmay;? aMumfjim
ADEikd ;f Bu;D awGeu
YJ m? k;d &m,Ofaus;rIeq
YJ efu
Y sif
wJh tjyKtrlawGvkyfaeMuwmudkvnf;
b,fvrdk rS ESpNf rKd UEdik Mf uygbl;/
]]acwf&UJ a&GUavsmrIukd onf;cHEikd af yr,fh
365 &ufrmS 'DoBueF f av;&ufu ta&;Bu;D
wJh &ufyg/ wpfurmvHk;u jrefrmhkd;&m
oBueF q
f Ndk y;D tmkpH u
kd af eMuwJh &ufav;&uf
rSm ud,
k v
hf rl sK;d ? ud,
k Ehf ikd if u
H kd urmu pdw0f if
pm;atmif? av;pm;atmif xkwjf y vkyjf y
&rSmyg/ wu,fh a&S;a[mif;tarGtESpf
usKH ;? NrKd Uk;d ? jymom'fawGukd tckvkd umypf

vku
d rf ,ft
h pm; oBueF w
f iG ;f rSm rD;armif;xk;d jy
&r,f/ acwfay:oBueF t
f wGuf ae&may;&
r,fq&dk ifvnf; uefawmfBu;D rSm vkyMf uaygh/
aysmcf siyf g;csi&f if tJ'b
D ufomG ;? k;d &mqkw
d m
odcsi&f if 'DbufrmS vmMunfq
h w
dk mrsK;d vkyjf y
xm;oifw
h ,f}} vdYk q&mql;iSuu
f qdyk gw,f/
tcktcsdefrSmawmh aps;csKdol? e*g;r,f?
arcsmwdw?f aropfviG ?f arxm;0,f? yG
J eG o
Yf ?l
ydawmufa&Tpif? vSoZl mpwJh csppf &m emrnf
awGeJY tutoif;awG? NrdKUr? o*F[?
aw;vkvif? aw;py,f? rd;k auoDpwJh tvSjy
,mOftoif;awGuvnf; tcktcsed rf mS r&Sd
Muawmhygbl;/
]]t&ifwkef;u oBuFefudk a&mufEdk;Edk;eJY
arQmfvkduf&wm? tckawmh oBuFefNyD;oGm;
rSe;f awmif rodvu
dk &f bl;/ jzpfEikd &f ifa&S;wke;f
uvkd rEav;oBuFefudk NrdKifNrdKifqkdifqkdif
jyefjrifcsiyf gao;w,f/ vlawG&UJ pdwt
f cHrmS
,Ofaus;rIav;awG &Sad eNy;D om;qkad wmh xde;f
ausmif;rIeYJ tavhtusiahf v;awG jyefvyk f
ay;Ekdif&if kd;&m,Ofaus;rIoBuFefppfppfudk
jyefawGU&r,fvdkY arQmfvifhygw,f}} vdkY
a'gufwm vScikd u
f qkyd gw,f/
jrefrmhkd;&mtwmoBuFefyGJawmfBuD;rSm
rEav;usK;H ywfvnfrmS r@yfaygif; 33 ck&rdS mS
jzpfNy;D rEav;ol? rEav;om;awGomru
jrefrmEdik if t
H ESu
YH olawGvnf; yg0ifqifEMJT u
vdrOhf ;D rnf/ 'gayrJh oBueF &f UJ ]]wl;ydYk ...wl;yd}Yk }
aw;oHawGuawmh qdwo
f Ok ;f aeqJ/

14

ydawmufawG tcsed u
f u
kd rf yGiahf wmhwhJ ref;oBueF f
NzdK;a0ausmf
phyowaikyaw@gmail.com

oBuFecf sed ef u
YJ u
kd Nf yD; ydawmufyef;awGryGihf
wm MumcJYygNyD/
jrefrmwd&Yk UJ 12 v&moDyaJG wmfawGxrJ mS
oBuFefyGJawmfu aysmfp&mtaumif;qkH;vdkY
jrefrmvlrsK;d awG ajymprSwjf yKMuygw,f/ 'gayrJh
'DaeYacwf rEav;oBuFef&JU aysmf&TifrI
cHpm;csuftay: ar;cGef;xkwfvm&ifawmh
aysmfw,fvdkY vGwfvGwfuRwfuRwfajymzdkY
wGeq
Yf w
k Mf uawmYrmS ygyJ/
wefc;l aEGrmS usi;f yNy;D yk*aH cwfuwnf;u
pwifcw
hJ yhJ aJG wmf&UJ "avhu tcsed u
f mvawGeYJ
twl usi;f yrIypkH aH wG vdu
k yf gajymif;vJcw
hJ m
rqef;ayr,fY ajymif;vJyHk jrefqefMurf;wrf;vm
wmuawmY ajymcsipf &m jzpfaewmaygh/
1984 85 ckEpS f rEav;oBueF u
f kd tajccH
du
k u
f ;l xm;wJY ]oBueF rf ;kd } Zmwfum;u oBueF f
udck spw
f YJ jrefrmawG&UJ *E 0 ifZmwfum;jzpfyg
w,f/ tckawmh tJ'u
D m;xJuvdk *E0ifqefNy;D
csppf &maumif;wJh rEav; oBueF yf &Hk yd af wG
uvnf; oBueF rf ;kd Zmwfum;eJt
Y wl twdwf
rSmyJ ae&pfcahJ wmhr,fh yHyk gyJ/
]]___ tqifajy jrif&ol MunfE;l avmufay
___ oHom csKd jrjrqdak w;av;awG ___ ref;NrKd U
ol&UJ *kPef n
YJ aD y ,Ofaus;olawG ___ rESpu
f yJ
avmif;cJhwmawG at;at;jrjrrarhwJhEdkif
ay___}} qdw
k YJ oBueF af w;oHu NrKd UraiGief;

vSnv
hf mwJt
h cgrSyJ Mum;&awmhrmS yg/ 'DEpS f
oBueF rf mS vnf; oBueF rf @yfawGrmS jrefrmoH
,Of,Ofaus;aus;av;awGtpm; 0ke;f 'dik ;f usJ
aewJh oBueF ef YJ rvdu
k zf ufw&hJ ifqzl ,
G t
f oH
awGyJ trsm;qk;H vTr;f rd;k aeOD;rSmygyJ/
rEav;oBueF rf mS xl;xl;jcm;jcm;vnfywf
p&mae&mqdw
k muvnf; usK;H ab;ywfvnf
rSmyJ &Sad wmhw,f/ 'DEpS rf mS NrKd Uawmfpnfyifu
usK;H ywfvnfrmS r@yf 33 ck ae&mcsay;xm;
ygw,f/ 'Dpm&if;u rESpu
f cGijhf yKcw
hJ hJ r@yf
ta&twGufeJY odyfruGmayr,fh rESpfu
usK;H ajrmufbuf 12 vrf;rSm r@yfwpfcrk S
r&Scd b
hJ J 'DEpS rf mS vli,fawGtBuKd ufSIR Music
Band ygwJh r@yfwpfck ae&m,lxm;awmY
Buw
d Bf uw
d w
f ;kd MuOD;rSmaygh/ usK;H awmifbufu
t,fvyf ikd ;f r@yfrmS tqdak wmfawG&rdS ,fvYkd
vnf; qdMk uygw,f/
wpfNrKd UvH;k tESYH vnfywfp&mae&m&Sm;Ny;D
usK;H ab;rSmyJ 0dik ;f wd;k Muawmh a&yufcu
H m;awG
wpfae&mwnf;rSm pkjyHKwoDwwef;jzpfNyD;
r@yfwpfcu
k ae wpfcu
k rkd a&mufcif a&pdk
wpfvn
S ?hf ajcmufwpfcgeJY oBueF 'f u
k u
kd cHMu
&ygw,f/ 'Dawmh r@yfodyfr&Sdayr,fY
udk,fydkifa&pkyfpufawG wydkifwEdkifcsyuf
aeMuwJh usK;H taemufbufeYJ ajrmufbuf
udak jy;Ny;D oBueF cf spo
f al wGu a&aiGUa&&dyf
,lMu&jyefygw,f/
jrifvdkufoludk &ifat;MunfEl;apr,fY
oBueF cf pH m;rIukd r&Edik af yr,fv
h nf; r@yfawG

,refEpS f rEav;oBuFef usK;H ywfvnfwiG f


ay:u twd?k tjywf? t[du
k ?f tuGaJ wGeYJ
wGev
Yf rd cf ek af ygufaewJh aumifrav;awGukd
&ifypl &m pdww
f uf<upGm trsm;Bu;D awGUMu
&OD;rSmyg/ t&uf? bD,mqdkwmrsKd;uawmY
oBueF u
f srS aomuf&wJh yJaG wmf;kd &m pm;p&m
awmif jzpfaeygNy/D tcefrY oif&Y if r@yfawG
a&SUrSm vli,fawG xd;k Buw
d ?f du
k Ef u
S Mf u&if;
vrf;Mum;xJ tkypf v
k u
kd af jy;0if vmwmrsK;d
awGvnf; MuKH &zdYk &Syd gw,f/
oBuFefrdk; Zmwfum;xJrSm rif;om;BuD;
aZmf0rf; qdkifu,fBuD;pD;vmwmjrifawmY
y&dowfawGu Mobmxay;Muw,f/

a&upm;aeolrsm;/ "mwfykH - NzKd ;a0ausmf


tckawmh aZmf0rf;Bu;D qdik u
f ,fxuf tif*sif
yg0gaumif;wmawGu upm;p&mtkyaf wG
xufaygaeNyD; ref;oBuFefrSm wdkufMu?
arSmufMuwmu jrifzefrsm;awmh d;k aeygNy/D
usK;H ab;Ny;D &if oBueF rf mS trsm;qk;H vnfMu
wmu uefawmfBuD;eJY OD;ydefwHwm;ygyJ/
uefawmfBuD;u odyfrus,f? OD;ydefwHwm;
uawmh vlrsm;csed q
f kd tE&m,frsm;w,fqw
kd hJ
toHawG nHvmygao;w,f/ wdkifawG?
atmufcw
H ef;awG aqG;aewJY wHwm;ay:rSm
rl;ae? taysmv
f eG af eolawGu wdik af wGuikd &f if;
wHwm;udk vIyMf u? ESMYJ uwmvnf; &Sw
d ,f/

oBuFefwGif;rSm wHwm;ay:ujyKwfusNyD;
usKd ;ol? aoolawGvnf; &Sw
d ,f/ tckawmh
'DEpS o
f BueF t
f rD eJaY ewJY wHwm;wdik af wGukd
vJv,
S af ew,fvv
Ykd nf; qdMk uygw,f/
[dt
k &if 1980 0ef;usiw
f 0du
k ?f ud,
k af wG
i,fpOfu rEav;oBueF n
f awGrmS oBueF f
tvSjyum;awG tvSNydKifMuwm? oHcsyf
tzGUJ awG wpfzUJG eJw
Y pfzUJG oHcsyf NyKd iw
f u
kd Mf uwm
awGudk udk,fwdkifMuHKzl;NyD; pdwfvIyf&Sm;pGm
Munfch &hJ zl;ygw,f/ [dpk Ofcgu aps;csKw
d 0du
k ef YJ
NrKd UxJrmS uJchJ onf;cJMh uwJh csppf &myk&H yd af wGukd
jyef wrf;wajymjyolawGet
YJ wl ud,
k v
f nf;
a&ma,mifvrG ;f zl;ygw,f/
tckawmY tvSjyum;awGudkjrifcsif&if
NrKd Uawmf0efr@yfa&SUrSm tcsed af y;apmifMh unfh
Edik zf v
Ykd ykd gw,f/ oBueF o
f cH syt
f zGUJ awG jyefxu
G f
cGi&Yf wm odyrf Mumao;ayr,fh oHcsypf mom;
awGudk oufqdkif&mu pDppfNyD;rScGifhjyKwm
qdak wmh Mum;&olrmS t&omu tjynfrh &bl;
aygh/ 'DEpS af wmh oHcsyt
f zGUJ xGuw
f m enf;r,f
vdv
Yk nf; qdMk uygw,f/
[dt
k wdwu
f aysmpf &moBueF t
f &omudk
&onfjzpfap? r&onfjzpfap oBueF af &muf
&if oBueF f a&av;eJaY wmY xdcsiyf gao;w,f/
'gayrJh ]]___ ab;b,ma0;uGm uif;pifyr,f
'Da&yGJ oBuFefa&___}}qdkwJY oBuFefoDcsif;
pmom;eJY udu
k n
f ND y;D oBueF zf v
D if yDjyifcsiw
f ,f
qdk&ifawmh tdrfrSmyJ oBuFefrdk;Zmwfum;
apmifMh unfv
h u
kd w
f mu ydak ocsmrSmyg/

16

ESpf 40 ausmu
f tazhvufaqmif owd&aeqJ
rsKd;vGif
myolwin@myanmartimes.com.mm

tazqHk;wm ESpfESpf&SdygNyD/ 'gayrJh taz


0,fvmay;cJhzl;wJh ,l&Dumvufywfem&DeJY
oBuFefa&>ywfu b,fawmhrS rarhEdkifr,fh
trSwfw&ypnf;av;awGygyJ/ ,l&Dumvuf
ywfem&Dav;eJyY wfoufvYkd aemuftaMumif;
wdkufqdkifwJhtcg ajymjyygr,f/
tckawmh oBuFeftcgeJY MuHKBudKufwm
rdkY vGefcJhwJh 45 ESpfavmufwkef;u &efukef
uae oefvsifudktjyefrSm 0,fvmwJh
owKoBuFefa&>ywftaMumif; ajymjycsif
ygw,f/
tJ'Da&>ywfudk b,fu0,fcJhwmvJawmh
rodygbl;/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh tJh'Davmuf
aumif;wJhypnf;udk uRefawmf rawGUzl;vdkYyg
yJ/ aocsmwmu tJ'aD &>ywfu xdik ;f Edik if u
H
vmwmjzpf[efwlygw,f/ azaz[m puf
ypnf;awG jyifqifwJhae&mrSm 0goemygNyD;
odyaf wmfwv
hJ w
l pfO;D jzpfwmrdYk ol taumif;
pm;ypnf;udk 0,fcJhw,fqdkwm uRefawmf
aumif;aumif;odwmaygh/ tJ'Dacwfu
touf&SpfESpft&G,f uRefawmf ydkifqdkifxm;
wJh tJ'Da&>ywfavmuf aumif;wmr&Sdbl;vdkY
xifygw,f/
tJ'Dacwfu a&>ywfawGvdkyJ azazhvuf
aqmifa&>ywfu owKeJYvkyfwmqdkayr,fh

tay:ydik ;f u pwD;vdk ta&mifawmufw,f/


teDa&mifopfom; vufudkifudk taemufudk
jyefqv
GJ u
kd cf sed rf mS txJua&udk EIwo
f ;D acgif;
uwpfqifh pkyfNyD;a&SUudk a&xkwfNyD;yufzdkY
tawmfrmwJh 0g&SmESpfck ygw,f/
tjcm;a&>ywfawGu aps;aygwJh &mbmeJY
vkyfxm;wmjzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfu tJh'g
udk b,fvdkodvJqdkawmh ESpfwdkif; oBuFef
rwdkifcifqdk a&>ywfudkzGifhNyD; aq;aMumavh
&Sw
d ,fav/ oBueF ef m;eD;vmNyq
D kd a&>ywfukd
aocsmodrf;xm;wJh ae&muae xkwfNyD;
om;a&eJYvkyfxm;wJh 0g&SmjyefyGvmatmif
a&xJrSm ESpfvdkufw,f/ NyD;awmhrS ydkufeJY
jyeft0H ifciG u
f sjzpfatmif jyefxnf&h ygw,f/
wpfcgwavus&if uReaf wmfu ydu
k t
f wd;k
tqkwf acsmarGUapzdYk pufqeD nf;enf;oH;k avh
&Sw
d ,f/ trsm;Bu;D oH;k vdYk r&ygbl;/ r[kw&f if
pwD;ydu
k u
f a&rvHjk zpfNy;D ta&SUudk yef;xGuf
&r,fah &u aemufukd jyefuefxu
G w
f wfw,f
av/ 'gaMumifh qDoHk;wJhae&mrSm rsm;roGm;
&atmif *kpdkuf&ygw,f/
olrY mS pEdu
k yf gvdk wnfw
h nfyh pf&wJh EIwo
f ;D
eJY a&yef;xGufwJh acgif;ESpfrsKd; &Sdygw,f/
uRefawmfu wpfckudk a&>ywfrSm wyfNyD;
aemufwpfckudk tdwfuyfxJ xnfh,loGm;
avh&Sdw,f/ ypfrSwfay:rlwnfNyD; a&>ywf
acgif;udk ajymif;oHk;zdkYtwGufaygh/
a&>ywfu tm;xnfhyufvdkY aumif;wJh

taygufusOf;usOf;av; jzpfygw,f/ tJ'g


qdk&if yufvdkYraumif;awmhbl;/ uRefawmf
u teD;uyfyJ yufcsifwm/ 'gayrJh a&>ywf
qdkawmh a&SUwdk;aemufqkwfyuf&wm jzpfyg
w,f/ tm;pdu
k w
f eG ;f &if ay 20 avmuftom
av;a&mufw,f/ wpfcgwavqdk uReaf wmf
u a&yufNyD;wmeJY csufcsif;&ufNyD; aemuf
wpfcsufjyefryufcif a&>ywfudk pnfydkif;xJ
cyfMumMum ESpfxm;avh&Sdygw,f/
tJ'w
D ek ;f u uReaf wmfu rsuEf mS udk a&>ywf
eJY kwfw&uf csdefyufwwfao;w,f/
wnfhwnfhrsm;xdoGm;&if odyfaysmfwmygyJ/
uRefawmf yufcsifwJholu odyfeD;w,fqdk&if
olYcsKdif;Mum;udk aocsmcsdefNyD;awmhudk wtm;
zdyufypfvdkufwm/ a&awG pdk&TJaewJholwdkYu
tidkufrdNyD; cHvdkuf&wmcsnf;ygyJ/ 'gayrJh
pdwrf qd;k Muygbl;/ wpfcgwavus uReaf wmfh
jypfrSwfu rdef;uav;awGjzpfavh&Sdw,f/
'gayr,fh olwdkYu tjrJwrf; aumif;aumif;
rGerf eG f wkjYH yefMuwmcsn;f yJawmh r[kwyf gbl;/
wpfcgwpf&Hus qlylBudrf;armif; ESifxkwf
wwfMuw,f/
oBuFefwpfESpfukefoGm;wdkif; uRefawmfh
a&>ywfav;udk yvwfpwpfex
YJ w
k Nf y;D aemuf
ESpftwGuf odrf;xm;avh&Sdw,f/ 'gayrJh
av;ig;ESpfavmuf oHk;NyD;wJh aemufwpfESpf
tMumrSmawmh uRefawmfha&>ywfav;udk
&SmrawGUawmhygbl;/ tdrfxJu wpfae&m&m

rSm txm;rSm;cJw
h mxifygw,f/ uReaf wmfh 'gayrJh uRefawmfhtawG; xJrSmawmh
a&>ywfav;b,fvdkaysmufoGm;cJhwmvJ a&>ywfav;udk wrf;waewkef;/
g
qdk wm tckxd uReaf wmf pOf;pm;vdrYk &ygbl;/ jraucdik f bmomjyefonf/ 

18

vltiftm;rsm;rS
auR;Edkifr,fh oBuFef
kd;&m pm;p&mawG
wpfacwfwpfcgu &GmawGrSm a&yufcHrxGufbJ tdrfwGif;atmif;aewwfwJh
tysKdacsmawGudk vlysKdvSnfhcGifh&zdkY 'DvkdrkefYvHk;a&ay: tvSLtdrfawGu
t"duae&muae yg0if yhHydk;ay;cJhMuygw,f/
jraucdkif
mya.simplefly@gmail.com

oBuFef ;dk &mpm;p&mqd&k if &efukefNrdKUrSmawmh


rkefYvHk;a&ay:yJ rsufpdxJajy;jrifwmygyJ/
rkev
Yf ;kH a&ay:vkyzf t
Ykd wGuf yxrqH;k tae
eJY aumufni ;f qefukd wpfnaeavmufBuKd Ny;D
Buw
d x
f m;&w,f/ aemuf xef;vsu?f wpfcg
wav pcsiaf emufcsi&f if ikwo
f ;D av;awG
jyifxm;aygh/
aemufaeYreuf vltqifo
h ifh pkaqmif;
NyD;NyDqdk&if wpfzufrSm aumufnif;qef
Buw
d Nf y;D om;udk tvH;k av;awG vkyaf ewke;f
aemufwpfzJGUu xef;vsufawGudk tcJ
ao;ao;av;awG vS;D Mu&w,f/ tJ't
D csed f
rwdik cf if a&aEG;td;k Bu;D wpfv;kH udk tjrw
J rf;
qlaeatmif rD;zdak y:wifxm;&ygw,f/
rkefYvHk;a&ay: pwk'domtvwpfckjzpfzdkY
vltiftm; tenf;qHk; 15 a,mufcefY
vdyk gw,f/ reuf 9 em&Davmufu pwif
jyifqifvu
kd w
f hJ rkev
Yf ;kH a&ay:[m nae 3
em&DavmufrmS aawmh vrf;ray: pm;yJaG wG
cif;NyD; vmvmorQ {nfhonfauR;vdkY&wJh
tajctaea&mufygNy/D
aumufni ;f qefBuw
d Nf y;D om;udk avmufpm
vHk;vdk tvHk;av;awGjzpfatmif vufz0g;
xJ xnfh0dkif;ay;NyD; taygufuav;vkyf
toifv
h ;DS xm;wJh xef;vsut
f cJav;awGukd
xnf?h jyefv;kH Ny;D a&aEG;td;k Bu;D xJukd xnfh
ay;&wmjzpfygw,f/ aumufnif;vHk;av;
awG a&aEG;td;k ay:udk jyefwufvmNyq
D &kd if
q,f,lNyD; yef;uefxJxnfh rkefYvHk;awG
tay:uae jcpfxm;wJh tkef;oD;av;awG
jzL;&ygw,f/ vkyfaeusvlawGtwGuf
rkev
Yf ;kH av;awGu tcsed w
f t
kd wGi;f 0dik ;f 0dik ;f
av;xGuaf yr,fh tawGUtMuKH enf;wJh olawG
twGuw
f mh rkev
Yf ;kH atmif renf;udk vky,
f l
&wm uRerf ud,
k af wGUygyJ/
rkev
Yf ;kH a&ay:OD;aqmifvyk w
f hJ tzJUG awGu
rsm;aomtm;jzifh tysKdBuD;awG? aysmfwwf
olawG jzpfMuygw,f/ tJ't
D cg oBueF w
f iG ;f
tdrx
f rJ mS yJatmif;aewwfwhJ rde;f uav;udk
tJ'&D ufrS awGUcsiMf uwJh udu
k mvom;awGu
rrBu;D wdu
Yk kd uyfNy;D rde;f uav;udk r&ru
ac:zdYk em;ylem;qmvkyw
f wfMuw,f/ rkev
Yf ;kH
a&ay:vHk;wJh0dkif;qD ra,mifrvnfvmNyD;
a&av; pdw
k ,fqkd ykH uf? ydawmufyef;av;
cl;ay;eJY ajcat;0rf;a,mifvSnfhMuawmh
wmygyJ/
&yfuu
G pf wk'o
d mtwGuf rkev
Yf ;kH a&ay:udk
vltiftm;trsm;Bu;D eJY vkyNf y;D auR;avh&o
dS vdk
ud,
k t
hf rd rf mS yJ wpfEikd w
f pfyikd rf o
d m;pkvyk Nf y;D
&yfuu
G x
f J a0wJo
h al wGvnf; &Syd gw,f/ ]]tck
acwfrSm qefBudwfpufudk oGm;p&mrvdkbJ
aumufni ;f Buw
d Nf y;D om; txkyef YJ a&mif;wm
awGay:vmw,f/ 'gayrJh wu,fv&if
ud,
k w
f ikd f aumufni ;f qef,Nl y;D oGm;Buw
d f
wmu ydak umif;wmaygh/ aumufni ;f rppf&if
rkev
Yf ;kH a&ay:u b,fvrkd S pm;raumif;bl;/
rJomG ;wwfw,f/ Ny;D awmh rmw,f}}vdYk A[ef;
NrKd Ue,fu rpEmu qdyk gw,f/
aemufxyf oBueF f ;kd &mtjzpf xif&mS ;wJh

tpm;tpmu rGew
f Ykd ;dk &m oBueF x
f rif;ygyJ/
rGefdk;&m oBuFefxrif;u xif&Sm;ayr,fh
&efuek rf mS awmh auR;arG;wm r&So
d avmufukd
&Sm;ygw,f/
]]oBuFefxrif;vzdkYqdk&if vltiftm;&SdrS
&r,f/ vkyf&wm t&rf;vuf0ifwm/
uReaf wmfwq
Ykd rD mS oBueF x
f rif;udk qdik af wGrmS
12 &moDv;kH a&mif;MuwmyJ/ oBueF w
f iG ;f qdk
tvrmS auR;wmaygh}}vkYd armfvNrKd iNf rKd U? 'dik ;f 0ef
uGi;f &yfuu
G u
f udak usmpf mG u qdyk gw,f/
oBueF x
f rif;vkyrf ,fq&kd if qefukd xrif;
tjzpf pm;vd&Yk avmufwt
hJ xd jyKw?f aemuf
usuNf yq
D kd td;k xJae ZumeJaY &qpfcsNy;D a&at;
eJY xyfprd x
f m;&ygw,f/ Ny;D &if tJ'x
D rif;awG
Mum;xJ a&cJw;kH av;awG jrK yx
f m;&ygw,f/
'kw,
d tqifrh mS tkw<f uyfjym;oefo
Y efu
Y kd
rD;eJt
Y ylay;Ny;D za,mif;wdik u
f &&Sw
d hJ za,mif;
awGudk ylaewJh tkwf<uyfjym;ay:udk wif?
aemuf wufvmwJh za,mif;taiGu
Y kd ajrtd;k eJY
tkyfNyD;pkaqmif;? NyD;wmeJY tkwf<uyfjym;udk
cyfjrefjrefcGmNyD; ajrtdk;xJa&avmif;xnfh
wpfNydKifeufwnf; a&pdkt0wfeJY ajrtdk;udk
tkyx
f m;&ygw,f/
wwd,tqifhrSmawmh oBuFefxrif;eJY
tvdkufzufqHk; wJGpm;avh&SdwJh ig;ajcmuf
aMumfzYkd jyifqif&ygw,f/
]]oBueF x
f rif;rSm ig;ajcmufaMumf&UJ t&om
u t"dujzpfwmrdYk ig;ajcmufukd taumif;pm;
oH;k zdv
Yk ykd gw,f/ ig;ajcmufaumif;rS oBueF f

rGefdk;&moBuFefxrif;u
xif&Sm;ayr,fh&efukef
rSmawmhauR;arG;wm
r&Sdoavmufudk...
xrif;uNred w
f mav}}vdu
Yk akd usmpf mG uqdw
k ,f/
ig;ajcmufawGudk raMumfcif El;atmif
a&eJYjyKwf&w,f/ El;oGm;wJhig;ajcmufudk
td;k ETiNf y;D av;jcrf;jcrf;Ny;D rS tjym;Bu;D awG
jzpfatmif cGmxm;wJh MuufoeG ef eD t
YJ wl tcsOf
t&omav;ygatmif o&ufo;D ? odrYk [kwf
r&rf;oD;av;pdwfav;awGeJY qD',ftdk;xJ
xnfah Mumf&ygw,f/
]]aMumfwt
hJ cg ajcmufomG ;atmifaMumfvYkd
r&ygbl;/ tajcmufeJYtpdkMum; jzpfatmif
aMumf&w,f/ o&ufo;D wd?Yk r&rf;oD;wdYk tcsOf
av;vnf; ygzdv
Yk ykd gw,f/ 'grS oBueF x
f rif;eJY
vdu
k zf ufrmS av}} vdYk udak usmpf mG u ajymw,f/
NyD;&if oD;jcm;aMumfxm;wJh MuufoGefeD?
MuufoeG jf zLaMumfawG ig;ajcmufaMumfay:u
yH?k ckeu za,mif;aiGUa&mxm;wJha&udkxrif;xJ
enf;enf;xnfhprf;NyD; oBuFefxrif;tjzpf
toifph m;vd&Yk ygNy/D
]]oBueF x
f rif;u trsm;Bu;D rpm;Edik yf gbl;/
pm;aumif;w,fqkd ykH J pm;Muwmyg/ qefEq
Ykd D
bl; wpfb;l udk vlo;kH OD;avmuf pm;vd&Yk w,f/
qdik af wGrmS wpfyGJ usyf 500 a&mif;Muw,f/
vl50pmqdkaiG15000uae20000Mum;ukef
w,f/ 'gu ig;ajcmuftaumif;pm;eJYqdk
ajymwmyg}}vdYk olu qdyk gw,f/

19

oBueF w
f iG ;f w&m;pcef; trSww
f &
tdtdol
91.eieithu@gmail.com

oBuFew
f iG ;f oli,fcsi;f awGet
YJ wl vnfywfzYkd
oBueF rf uscifuwnf;u BuKd wifppD OfaeMu
Ny;D tawG;eJw
Y ifaysm&f iT af eMuwJh vli,fawGukd
vnf; teD;0ef;usirf mS jrifae&ygw,f/
uRefruawmh vli,fqdkayr,fh pdwf
wnfNird rf u
I kd avhusichf siw
f mrdYk wpfoufrmS
wpfcgrSrvkyzf ;l wJh tvkyu
f kd rESpu
f oBueF rf mS
tpDpOfqNGJ y;D taumifxnfazmfczhJ ;l w,f/
tJ'guawmh oBuFefwGif;w&m;pcef;0if
jcif;ygyJ/ acwfvli,fwpfOD;jzpfwJhtjyif
aysm&f iT rf u
I ckd rkH ifwhJ uRerf twGuf 'gu cufcw
J hJ
tvkyw
f pfcv
k v
Ykd nf; qdv
k &Ykd ygw,f/ pdwq
f ;kH
jzwfNyD;om;rdkY w&m;pcef;udk oli,fcsif;eJY
twl ajrmuf'*HNk rKd Ue,fu 0#fa<u;awmfajy
bk&m;? &efatmifajrausmif;wdkufrSm
ckepf&ufw&m;pcef;0if jzpfcw
hJ ,f/
yxrqH;k tBurd jf zpfwmaMumifh w&m;pcef;
0if&ifvt
kd yfwyhJ pn;f awGukd aumif;aumif;
rodwmaMumifh t0wftpm;tjyif wjcm;
bmrSygrvmwJh uRerf twGuf tcuftcJu
pwifBuKd qakd eawmhwmygyJ/
tazmfjzpfwhJ oli,fcsi;f aMumift
h qifajy
cJhayr,fh trsKd;orD;taqmifvdkYowfrSwf

ay;xm;wJh 0#fa<u;awmfajybk&m;wefaqmif;
atmufrmS tcef;owfrw
S x
f m;wmrsK;d r&Sb
d J
vlESpfOD;pmzsmwpfcsyfcif;NyD; t&G,faygif;pHk
trsK;d orD;awGet
YJ wlaecJ&h wJt
h jzpfuvnf;
odyt
f qifajyvSwu
hJ pd a wmh r[kwcf yhJ gbl;/
wpfcgrS w&m;pcef;r0ifczhJ ;l wJo
h rl Ykd t&m
tm;vH;k udk onf;cHEikd af tmiftpuwnf;u
BudKwifjyifqif xm;cJhwmaMumifh tpp
t&m&mudo
k nf;cHEikd cf yhJ gw,f/
w&m;pcef;qdkayrJh pnf;urf; wif;usyf
vGe;f wJh w&m;pcef;r[kww
f maMumifh yxrqH;k
tawGUtMuHKjzpfwJh uRefrtwGufawmh
tqifajywJh &dyo
f mwpfcyk gyJ/
ckepf&ufv;kH oufoufvw
G f xrif;yJauR;
NyD; wpfaeYudk ajcmufBudrf? wpfBudrfudk
em&D0uf w&m;xdik &f ygw,f/ reufukd 3 em&DcJG
x rsuEf mS opf? reuf 4 em&Dx;kd wmeJY w&m;
emNy;D wpfaeYwm&JU yxrqH;k w&m; pxdik &f
ygw,f/ tJ'gNy;D &if tkPq
f rG ;f pm;Ny;D acw
em;csed &f ygw,f/ tJ'rD mS u a,m*DawGtwGuf
oD;jcm;a0&m0ptzJUG r&Sw
d maMumifh vli,fyyD D
vkyt
f m;'ge yg0ifvj zpfcNhJ y;D enf;enf;awmh
yifyef;cJyh gw,f/
wpfaeYwmtwGuf aemufqHk; w&m;em
csed u
f kd n 7 em&Duae pNy;D w&m;emNy;D &if
w&m;quf tm;xkw&f Ny;D nud;k em&DrmS awmh

rdrw
d Ykd oufqikd &f mtaqmif jyefem;&ygw,f/
vli,f? vlvwf? vlBu;D rde;f rt&G,f rsK;d pHk
&Sw
d hJ uRerf wdt
Yk aqmifrmS w&m;todeYJ aewJh
ol&Sdovdk trsKd;orD;awGyDyD pum;rsm;wJh
tusit
hf wdik ;f aewJo
h al wGvnf; &Sw
d ,f/
w&m;pcef;0ifaew,fqw
kd hJ todukd pdwx
f J
oGif;NyD;ae&wJhuRefrtwGuf tdyf&majymif;
tdy&f vdYk tcuftcJrjzpfcahJ yrJh ab;uae
Mum;ae&wJhtoHawGudk udk,fhem;xJh r0if
atmif xde;f csKy&f wJt
h vkyu
f awmh awmfawmf
awmhyifyef;cJyh gw,f/
ESpf&ufoHk;&ufMumNyD;wJh aemufrSmawmh
aeom;usomG ;w,fvYkd qdEk ikd yf gw,f/ w&m;
pcef;rSm&G,w
f l vli,fav;awGvnf; yg0if
ovdk rdom;pkvdkufvma&muf w&m;pcef;
0ifwo
hJ al wGvnf; &Syd gw,f/ a&csK;d &if; oDcsi;f
nnf;avh&SdwJh uRefrtwGuf oDcsif;rqdkrd
atmifxdef;csKyf&ovdk wpfcsufwpfcsuf
Mum;&wJhoBuFefoDcsif;awGuvnf; a,m*D
b0&JU cHEdkif&nfpGrf;tm;udk prf;oyfae
ovdyk gyJ/
w&m;pcef;rSmw&m;em? w&m;rSww
f mtjyif
a0,sm0ptvkyaf wGuykd g uRerf eJY t&G,f rwdr;f
r,dr;f &Sw
d hJ tpfu?kd tpfrawGeYJ twlwl vkyf
udik cf &hJ wmaMumifh ukov
kd af emufwpfrsK;d wd;k cJh
wJhtjyif yifyef;w,fqdkayr,fh yxrqHk;

2013 oBuFefESpfqef;wpf&ufaeYu ESif;qDukef;bdk;bGm;&dyfomwGif tbGm;rsm;udk


trsKd;orD;rsm;u acgif;avQmfay;aepOf/"mwfyHk oD&dvk
tBurd rf mS xifxm;wmxuf ydv
k yk Ef ikd cf w
hJ m
aMumifh jyefawG;rdwikd ;f yDwd jzpfrcd &hJ ygw,f/
aemufqHk;aeYjzpfwJh ESpfqef;wpf&ufaeY
rSmawmh w&m;pcef;rSm&Sw
d v
hJ Bl u;D olrawGukd
vufonf;nyf? acgif;avQmfay;Muygw,f/
w&m;pcef;rSm cifrif&if;ESD;cJhwJhtpfrawGeJY
twlwl oBueF w
f iG ;f 'kvb
0wfcw
hJ hJ OD;Zif;
awG&JUouFef;udk twlwlavQmf&if;&cJhwJh
aysmf&TifMunfEl;zG,f tawGUtMuHKuvnf;
w&m;pcef;0ifcw
hJ hJ &ufawGxu
J trSww
f &
wpfcyk gyJ/
w&m;pcef;aemufq;kH aeY aeYv,fw&m;em
Ny;D wJt
h csed rf mS awmh ausmif;rSm&Sw
d hJ oHCmawG
udk &dyo
f m0if a,m*D tm;vH;k u qGr;f qefprd ;f
avmif;vMuygw,f/

ckepf&uftwGif; tvSnfhus w&m;jy


qdkqHk;ray;wJh q&mawmfawGaMumifhw&m;
todPfawG wdk;yGm;cJhovdk w&m;pcef;
0ifjzpfatmif ulnDapmifha&Smufay;cJhwJh
oli,fcsi;f udv
k nf; pdwx
f u
J ae aus;Zl;wif
aerdygw,f/
atmifjrifcJhwJh ckepf&ufw&m;pcef;&JU
tdrjf yefvrf;rSmtm;vH;k udk EIwq
f ufNy;D aemuf
todw&m; topfawG? pdwu
f ;l topfawG
wdk;yGm;apcJhwJhtwGufudk,fhudk,fudk auseyf
aerdygw,f/
tckESpf&JU oBuFefyJGawmf&ufeD;vmwmeJY
trQ oBueF &f UJ taiGUtoufawGukd u
dI &f if;
'DEpS v
f nf; w&m;pcef;0ifzYkd tm;cJryd gawmh
w,f&iS /f

oBuFew
f iG ;f aqmif&ef a&Smif&ef
** oBuFefwGif; qdkifBuD;qdkifaumif;trsm;pk ydwfxm;rSmjzpfwJhtwGuf
oBuFefvnfwJholawG vrf;ab;qdkifu tpm;tpmawG0,fpm;rSm aocsmyg
w,f/ 'gayrJh rpm;cif b,favmufoefY&Sif;ovJqdkwm pOf;pm;yg/
** zkef;? ydkufqH pwJh tzdk;wefypnf;awGudk yvwfpwpftdwfeJYxnfhzdkY
rarhygeJY/
** a&qmvdkY uefxJua&ukd rsKdcsrdvdkYuawmh ESpfopfrSm aq;Hka&muf
oGm;Edkifygw,f/
** tem;,lcsif,lyg/ 'gayrJh wdwfwdwfqdwfqdwfaevdkwJh olawGudkvnf;
taESmifht,Sufray;ygeJY/ aetyl'Pfudkvnf; avQmhrwGufeJY/
** a&awGtrsm;BuD;Mum;xJrSm a&tiwfrcHygeJY/ t&ufudk qifjcifaomufyg/
t&ufaomufNyDqdk&if a&aomufzdkYvnf; rarhygeJY/
** oifhrsufpdudkvnf; *kpdkufyg/ aea&mifeJY rD;owfydkufu
tm;jyif;wJha&udk *kpdkufyg/ y0gaqmifxm;wm taumif;qHk;yg/
** aemufqHk;rSmcsifwmuawmh t&ufaomufxm;&if um;? qdkifu,f
rarmif;ygeJY/

a&ay;a0a&; tpDtpOf
NrKd Uawmfpnfyif xkwjf yef
at;oDwmausmf
ayethidarkyaw@gmail.com

2014ckEpS f oBuFefyJGawmftwGuf &efukefNrdKU


awmfpnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwDu ,m,D
a&qufoG,fay;a0rIeJY r@yfae&mcsxm;
jcif;eJYywfoufwJh tpDtpOftopfawGudk
xkwfjyefaMunmcJhw,fvdkY tif*sifeD,m
Xme(a&ESifhoefY&Sif;rI)rS vufaxmuftif*sif
eD,mcsKyf OD;rsKd;odef;u ajymygw,f/
,ckESpftwGif;r@yf aygif; 119 ck&SdNyD;
tJ'Dr@yfawGu a&qufoG,ftoHk;jyKrI
aygif; 159 ck&Sdw,fvdkY OD;rsKd;odef;u qdkyg
w,f/ 'DESpfa&upm;r@yfBuD;awGudk &efukef
NrdKU jynfvrf;? urmat;bk&m;vrf;eJY
uefawmfBuD;uefywfvrf;awGrSm aqmuf
vkyfcGifhay;rSmjzpfygw,f/
,cif E S p f w k e f ; uawmh &ef u k e f N rd K U
e,fedrdwftwGif; r@yftBuD;eJY tvwf
aqmufvkyfcGifh pkpkaygif;ae&m 50 ausmfom
owfrSwfay;cJhayr,fh 'DESpfrSmawmh 100
ausmf wdk;jrifhcJhwm awGU&ygw,f/ t&G,f
tpm;t& r@yftBuD; ay 100 ESifhtxuf?
r@yftvwf ay 100 txd &Sd&r,fvdkY
owfrSwfxm;ygw,f/ ,m,Da&qufoG,f
cGifhavQmufvTmt& aumfrwDydkifa&ydkuf
vdkif;awGuae a&qufoG,ftoHk;jyKr,f
qdk&if wpfvufrydkuftwGuf a&zdk; usyf
100000? wpfvufrcJG ydkuf usyf200000?
ESpfvufrydkuf usyf 300000 jzpfNyD;
tif ; ,m;uef e J Y uef a wmf B uD ; wd k Y u ae
qufoG,ftoHk;jyKr,fqdk&if oHk;vufrydkuf
usyf 300000? av;vufrydkuf usyf
500000? ajcmufvufrydkuf usyf 800000
jzpfygw,f/ a&qufoG,frIawGudk {NyDv 17
&uf? jrefrmESpfqef;wpf&ufaeYrSm r@yfawG
qDuae tNyD;wkdif jzKwfodrf;&rSmjzpfygw,f/
]]oBuFefumvtwGif; &efukefNrdKUrSm a&
vHkavmufpGmjzefYa0ay;EkdifzdkY *sKd;jzL? zl;BuD;?
avSmfum;a&avSmifuefawGuae vmr,fh
ESpfaEG&moDrSm odkavSmifEIdifrIyrmPxuf
ydkrdkodkavSmifxm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh vmr,fh
ESpf aEG&moDtwGuf a&vHkavmufrI &Sdyg
w,f}}vdkY OD;rsKd;odef;u qdkygw,f/
tif*sifeD,mXme (a&ESifhoefY&Sif;rI) u
oBuFeftBudKaeYuae twufaeYtxd
wmarG? r*FvmawmifGefY? ykZGefawmif?
AdkvfwaxmifNrdKUe,fawGtwGuf 24 em&D
a&ay;a0oGm;rSmjzpfNyD; ausmufwHwm;?

yef;bJwef;? vom? vrf;rawmf? A[ef;eJY


'*HkNrdKUe,fawGrSmawmh eHeuf 7 em&Duae
11 em&Dtxd wpfBudrf? nae 3em&Duae
6 em&Dtxd wpfBudrf? ESpfBudrfcJGNyD; a&ay;
oGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ tvHk? MunfhjrifwdkifeJY
prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,fawGrSm eHeuf 7 em&Duae
10 em&Dtxd a&ay;a0rSm jzpfygw,f/
r*Fvm'Hk? tif;pdef? r&rf;ukef;? &efuif;?
urm&Gwf? vIdif? vIdifom,m? a&Tjynfom?
ajrmufOuvmy? oCFef;uRef;? omauw?
a'gyHk? '*HkNrdKUopf(ajrmufydkif;ESifhawmifydkif;)
NrdKUe,fawGrSm rlva&ay;a0rItwdkif; ay;a0
rSmjzpfNyD; {NyDv 17 &ufaeYrSm NrdKUe,fawG
tm;vHk; ,cifyHkrSefa&ay;a0rItcsdeftwdkif;
jyefvnfay;a0rSm jzpfygw,f/
a&upm;r@yfawGqDudk ,m,Da&quf
oG,frIeJYywfoufNyD; NrdKUe,fpnfyifom,m
tkyfcsKyfa&;r;kH;? tif*sifeD,mXme (a&ESifh
oefY&Sif;rI)rSm a&qufoG,ftoHk;jyKolawG
twGuf pnf;urf;awG xkwfjyefxm;ygw,f/
wu,fvdkY r@yfawGtaeeJY aumfrwD
ydkif a&ydkufvdkif;rsm;? tif;,m;uef? uefawmf
BuD;uefeJY tjcm;ajrpdkufuefawGrS a&ydkufudk
qufoG,fa&upm;jcif;eJY aumfrwDydkif
rD;owfydkufacgif;awGuae a&upm;jcif;wdkY
udk cGifhjyKrdefYr&SdbJ usL;vGefcJh&if 'PfaMu;
oH;k qtxd ay;avsm&f rSmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'u
D pd
udk ckdifeJY NrdKUe,fppfaq;a&;tzJGUawGu
ppfaq;oGm;r,fvdkYvnf; qdkygw,f/
,m,D a &quf o G , f c G i f h a vQmuf x m;zd k Y
avQmufvTmawGudk NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;r;kH;&Sd
NrdKUe,f(a&^oefY)wm0efcHkH;awGeJY NrdKUawmf
cef;r 'kwd,xyfrSm&SdwJh tif*sifeD,mXme
(a&ESifhoefY&Sif;rI)kH;cef;rSm xkwf,lEkdifyg
w,fvdkY pnfyifom,mu xkwfjyefxm;
g
ygw,f/ 

21

,mOfxed ;f &J 900 cefY apmifMh uyfun


l aD y;r,f
oMueF rf mS a&upm;&if; rawmfwqrIawG enf;Ekid o
f rQenf;atmif? a&yufcu
H m;awG ,mOfaMumydwq
f UkdrrI jzpfatmifvYkd ,mOfxed ;f &JawGu wm0ef,al y;rSmjzpfygw,f/
at;Nidrf;0if;
ayenyeinwin.mcm@gmail.com

oMueF f rwdkifrD wpfv avmuftvdkwnf;u


oBuFefa&muf&if b,fvkdaysmfr,fqdkNyD;
tm;vHk;u wuf<uaeMuygw,f/ txl;
ojzifh vli,fawGaygh/
oMueF q
f &kd if vrf;ab; wpfbufwpfcsuf
rSm a&upm;r@yfawG tpDt&DeYJ a&yuf
upm;MuNy;D vrf;ay:rSmvnf; a&yufcu
H m;
ud,
k pf eD YJ a&yufcx
H u
G Mf uwm b,fawmhrS
d;k roGm;wJh tpOftvmwpfcyk g/ 'DaeYacwf
rSm vlwikd ;f u um;uk,
d pf eD YJ a&yufcx
H u
G Mf u
wmqdak wmh tE&m,fenf;enf;rsm;ygw,f/
]]vlpnfum;wJv
h rf;qHv
k rf;cGawGeYJ wpfjcm;
vrf;usyfwJhae&mawGrSm tiftm;tjynhfcs
xm;r,f/ tMurf;zsif;tm;jzifh jynfvrf;
tifvsm;uefabmif? uefawmfBu;D uefywf
vrf;? urmat;bk&m;vrf;wpfavQmuf pwm
awGaygh/ ,mOfaMumrydwaf tmif vrf;ab;
0J,mrSm r@yfaqmufwmxuf vrf;wpfbuf
xJrmS yJ r@yfawGaqmufzYkd pDpOfxm;w,f/
r@yftajctaeeJY vrf;aMumtajctae
ay:rlwnfNyD; tiftm;udk oifhawmfovdk
toH;k jyKr,f/ ,mOfrcI if;tjyif wjcm;rawmf
wqrIawGjzpfvmwJt
h cgrSmvnf; tqifoihf
jzpfaeatmifvdkYyg}} vdkY 'k&Jr;BuD;vif;xG#f
u ajymygw,f/

]]oBueF u
f mvqd&k if tm;vH;k u pdw"f mwf
utvdv
k w
kd uf<uNy;D aysmaf ewwfMuygw,f/
vli,fawGqdk&if ajymzdkYawmifrvkdygbl;/
'gayrJh taysmfrvGefzdkUawmhta&;BuD;yg
w,f/ oBueF yf ?J tm;vH;k vGwv
f yfw,fqNkd y;D
,mOfpnf;urf;udk csKd;azmufvdkY r&ygbl;/
pnf;urf;udk vdu
k ef mMu&rSm jzpfygw,f/}}
a&yufcx
H u
G w
f t
hJ cg ,mOfypkH H trsK;d rsK;d
udk toHk;jyKMuygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh um;&JU
MuHhcdkifrIudk aocsmjyifqifxm;zdkY vkdygvdrfh
r,f/ oBueF rf mS qd&k if ,mOfwpfp;D &JUwifaqmif
Ekid w
f hJ tiftm;xuf vlyrkd w
kd ifMuwmvnf;
xH;k pHvjkd zpfaeygNy/D a&yufcx
H u
G w
f hJ vli,f
awGu aysmv
f Ykd uMuckeMf urSmeJq
Y akd wmh ,mOf
MuchH ikd rf t
I wGuf awmfawmfav;jyifqifxm;
&ygvdrrfh ,f/ &efuek Nf rKd U&JU ae&majcmufae&m
rSm u&de;f um;awGxm;&SNd y;D awmh u&de;f qGcJ
udak wmh ,mOfyikd &f iS u
f yJ usc&H rSmjzpfygw,f/
]]rawmfwqpufcRwf,Gif;vdkY vrf;v,f
rSm ,mOfaMumydwaf eNyq
D &kd if u&de;f eJq
Y rJG mS
yg/ tcsut
f jcmuswahJ e&mawGjzpfwhJ odrjf zL
vrf;? yg&rDr;D yGKd i?fh A[ef;rD;yGKd i?fh r[mAEKv
yef;jct
H eD;? ukuKd i;f vrf;qH?k ajreDuek ;f vrf;qHk
wdkYrSm ta&;ay: vrf;ydwfqdkYrIjzpfwJhtcg
u&def;eJYqGJzdkY toihfxm;&SdrSm jzpfygw,f/
omref&yfwefYxm;wJh ,mOfawGudkawmh
oBueF u
f mvrSm u&de;f eJq
Y rJG mS r[kwyf gbl;}}
vdYk trSwf (2) ,mOfxed ;f &JwyfzUJG cGrJ ; H;k u

&Jtyk rf ;kd oD[ausmu


f ajymygw,f/
oBuFefr@yfwdkif;&JUa&SUrSm ,mOfxdef;&J
awG&rdS mS r[kwb
f J &efuek Nf rKd Uawmf0ef r[m
oBueF rf @yfeYJ tpd;k &tzGUJ Xmeqdik &f mr@yf
awGrSmawmh ,mOfxdef;&JawGcsxm;ay;rSm
jzpfygw,f/ rdrw
d Ykd r@yfvjkH cKH a&;udk r@yf
aqmufwu
hJ rk P
aD wGu t"du wm0ef,&l rSm
jzpfNy;D pnf;urf;xde;f odr;f a&;tzGUJ awGxm;&Sd
zkYd oufqikd &f mu TeMf um;xm;Ny;D jzpfygw,f/
'DaeYacwfrmS yGaJ wmfwpfcjk zpfwmeJY vli,f

t&ufuvnf; 'DacwfrmS &zdYk t&rf;vG,af e


w,f/ vli,fawGqakd wmh vdu
k af jymzdv
Yk nf;
cufw,f/ t"duu ,mOfarmif;raomufzYkd
ta&;Bu;D w,f/ vlawGtrsm;Bu;D udk o,fNy;D
armif;ae&wmjzpfwt
hJ wGuf olrY mS tE&m,f
trsm;Bu;D &So
d vdk wm0efvnf;&Sw
d ,f/ ,mOf
armif;awG trsm;BuD;qifjcif&r,f}} vdkY
&Jtyk rf ;kd oD[ausmu
f ajymygw,f/
oBuFefqdk taysmfvGefNyD; a&yufcHxGuf
r,fhum;udk vli,fawGu olrsm;awGxuf

&efukefNrdKU&JU ae&majcmufae&mrSm u&def;um;


awG xm;&SdNyD; u&def;qGJcudkawmh...
awG trsm;pk wpfnDwpfGwfwnf; vkyf
aqmifMuwm wpfck&Sdygw,f/ 'guawmh
t&ufaopmaomufpm;wmygyJ/ oBueF u
f m;
ay:rSm t&ufaopm aomufpm;wmudk
vkdufNyD;wm;jrpfzdkY cufygw,f/ udk,fhtod
pdwef YJ ud,
k x
f ed ;f Mu&rSmjzpfNy;D ,mOfarmif;wJh
olu wm0eft&SdqHk;jzpfwJhtwGuf oBuFef
umvrSm ,mOfarmif;olawG t&ufaopm
aomufpm;NyD;armif;&if t&ufrl;wkdif; ud&d
,meJY ppfaq;NyD; ta&;,lcH&ygvdrhfr,f/
'gaMumifh txl;owdjyKzdkY vdkrSmyg/
]]jrefrmh;kd &mESpu
f ;l umvqdak wmh aysmMf u
wmaygh/ aomufMupm;Muwmvnf;&Sw
d ,f/

xl;atmifvkyfMuwmawG&Sdygw,f/ Oyrm
tdwaf Zmydu
k jf zKwaf rmif;wm? ,mOfeyH gwfjym;
jzKwfarmif;wm? ab;wHcg;awG? aemufzHk;
wHcg;awG jzKwfarmif;wm pojzihfvkyfavh
&Sdygw,f/ 'DvdkrvkyfMuzdkY oufqdkif&mu
aocsm aMunmay;oGm;rSmjzpfNy;D awGUcJ&h if
ta&;,lc&H rSmjzpfwt
hJ wGuf ud,
k pfh nf;urf;
av;eJu
Y ,
kd f aumif;aumif;rGerf eG f a&yufcH
xGuMf uzdYk vdyk gvdrrfh ,f/ Ny;D awmh vrf;qHk
vrf;cGawGrSmvnf; pDpDwDAGDuifr&mawGu
wyfxm;NyD;om;qdkawmh ,mOfpnf;urf;
rcsKd;azmufrdzdkY ta&;BuD;ygw,f/
]]'DEpS rf mS ,mOfaMum&Si;f vif;a&;udk t"du

xm;NyD; vkyfaqmifoGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/


uReaf wmfwv
Ykd nf; uReaf wmfwYkd wwfEidk w
f hJ
tiftm;eJaY wmh 0dik ;f 0ef;xde;f odr;f oGm;rSmyg/
pnf;urf;&Sd&Sdomarmif;Mu&if ,mOfrawmf
wqrIjzpfrSmr[kwfygbl;/ 'DESpfoBuFefrSm
,mOfxed ;f &Jtiftm; pkpak ygif; 900 eD;yg;
&SdwJhtxJu 600 avmufudkoHk;oGm;r,f/
tukev
f ;kH u tqifoiht
f aetxm;rsK;d cs
xm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ rESpu
f ,mOfxed ;f tiftm;
400 avmufukd olt
Y qdik ;f eJo
Y l wm0efay;
cJw
h ,f/ 'DEpS af wmh em;csed v
f ;kH 0ay;rSmr[kwf
ygbl;}} vdYk &Jtyk rf ;kd oD[ausmu
f ajymygw,f/
2012 ckESpfr[moBuFef umvwkef;u
,mOfwu
kd rf I 30 jzpfymG ;cJNh y;D vl 106 OD;
'Pf&m&&Scd w
hJ t
hJ jyif av;OD;aoqH;k cJyh gw,f/
2013 ckESpfrSmawmh ,mOfwdkufrI 46 rI
jzpfymG ;cJNh y;D vl 92 OD; 'Pf&m&&Scd u
hJ m av;OD;
aoqH;k cJyh gw,f/ 'gawGuawmh yHrk eS ,
f mOf
rawmfwqrI jzpfcw
hJ t
Jh rIawGyg/
a&yufcu
H pm;&if;eJY jzpfcw
hJ mawGu2012
ckEpS rf mS ,mOfwu
kd rf I 7 rI jzpfymG ;cJNh y;D vl 50
OD; 'Pf&m&&cJyh gw,f/ vlawmh raocJyh gbl;/
2013 ckEpS rf mS ,mOfwu
kd rf I 2 rI jzpfymG ;cJNh y;D
wpfOD;'Pf&m&&SdcJhum uav;wpfOD;
aoqH;k cJyh gw,f/
'gaMumifh oBueF u
f mvrSm tm;vH;k pnf;urf;
wusav;yJaysmMf u&if;eJY aysmpf &mtaumif;
qH;k tcsed af wGujkd zwfoef;Ekid Mf uygapvd.Yk /g

22

&efukefaq;HkBuD; ta&;ay:Xme toifh&Sdaernf


oBuFef&ufawGrSm trsm;jynfoludk umuG,fapmifha&SmufzdkY q&m0efawGeJY &JwyfzJGU0ifawGu 24 em&Dwm0efxrf;aqmifMuw,fqdkayr,fh oBuFefqdkwm
trl;orm;awG aysmfarGU &m? trItcif;awGjzpfyGm;&m tcsdeftcgor, rjzpfoihfygbl;vdkY pma&;olu tMuHjyKxm;ygw,f ...
jraucdkif

mya.simplefly@gmail.com

&efuek af q;HBk u;D ta&;ay:eJY xdcdkuf'Pf&m


Xmeu q&m0ef? olemjyKeJY 0efxrf;awG
tm;vHk; olwdkYudk,fwdkifta&;ay:tajc
taeuvJG&if oBuFeftwGif; cGifhray;qdkwJh
trdefYpmu tcsdefudkufa&mufvmygNyD/
ESpfwdkif; trsm;jynfolw&m;0iftvkyf
ydwf&ufrSmrS olrsm;aysmfcsdefraysmfEdkifbJ
wm0efxrf;aqmifaeusqakd wmh olwt
Ykd wGuf
odyrf xl;qef;awmhygbl;/
]]oBueF w
f iG ;f rSm ,mOfrawmfwqxdcu
dk f
rIu tjzpfrsm;qH;k ygyJ/ cdu
k &f efjzpfymG ;rIuawmh
'kw,
d aygh/ ESpw
f ikd ;f awmh oBueF t
f wufaeYu
tvkyftrsm;qHk;yJ}}vdkY &efukefaq;HkBuD;?
ta&;ay:eJY xdcu
kd 'f Pf&mXmeu wm0efcH
q&m0ef aq;Ht
k yk af 'gufwma':yyu ajym
w,f/
pma&;olwdkYi,fi,fu oBuFeftMuwf
aeYqdk touf 12 ESpft&G,f tpfudku
vG,t
f w
d u
f kd ausmyd;k tdwv
f kd aemufbufukd
odik ;f vG,Nf y;D 25 ydm0if qDy;kH xJ a&xnfh
a&>ywfwyfNyD; a&SUwef;xGufawmhr,fh
ppfom;Bu;D vdk wufwuf<u<ueJaY ygh/ touf
13 ESpef YJ 11 ESp&f w
dS hJ pma&;olwYkd tpfrBu;D
eJY pma&;olwu
Ykd oBueF yf ef;uH;k av; vnfyif;
rSmpGyf? a&cGufav;udkifNyD; tazeJYtwl
oBueF v
f nf xGuMf uygw,f/
pma&;olwYkd yg0ifqifEzJT ;l wJh 1990 jynfv
h eG f

a&upm;olrsm;ESihf pnfum;aeaom ,refEpS f rEav;oBuFeu


f kd awGU&pOf/"mwfykH - NzKd ;a0ausmf
ESpaf wGwek ;f u oBueF q
f w
kd m vHjk cKH rt
I jynfeh YJ
aysm&f iT pf &m yJaG wmfBu;D aygh/ 2010 jynfEh pS f
aemufyikd ;f rSmawmh oBueF q
f w
kd m trl;orm;
awG aysmaf rGU&m? trItcif;awG jzpfymG ;&m
tcsed u
f mvBu;D jzpfvmcJyh gawmhw,f/ rdb
tawmfrsm;rsm;u orD;acsmav;awGukd w&m;

pcef;ydNYk y;D om;awGukd twif;tusyf &[ef;cH


ay;? ud&k if0wfay;MuawmhwmygyJ/
pma&;olu 2004 ckEpS t
f xd oBueF v
f nfz;l
w,f/ tJ't
D csed rf mS a,musmf ;av;awGwif
r[kwb
f J rde;f uav;awGyg t&ufaomufwm
udk oBueF u
f m;ay:rSm rsujf rifMuKH awGUcJ&h wm

ygyJ/ olwu
Ykd vnf; olwu
Ykd ,
kd o
f w
l Ykd xde;f w,f
qdkNyD; cspfolaumifav;awmh ac:vmwm
ygyJ/ wcsKdUu vufxyfNyD; pHkwJGawGaygh/
i,fi,fuwnf;u a&yufr,f? a&yufcH
&&if aysmpf &maumif;w,fvyYkd J odxm;wm
rdYk rde;f uav;awG t&ufaomufNy;D aysmaf e
wmudk twlwpl ;D MuwJh oBueF u
f m;ay:rSmwif
jrifae&wm txl;tqef;vnf;jzpf? rdb
rsufuG,frvTwfMuwm 'gaMumifhudk;vdkY
oHa0*vnf;jzpfeYJ tJ'ED pS af emufyikd ;f oBueF f
vnfcsipf w
d u
f ek o
f mG ;wJh txdygyJ/
aemufESpfawGrSm tbGm;&JUOD;aqmifrIeJY
w&m;pcef;udk 0ifawmh ukd,fhxufi,fwJh
rde;f uav;? a,musmf ;av;awGukd awGU&Ny;D
]]oBueF u
f wdiYk ,fi,fuvdk r[kwaf wmhb;l /
rl;l; aomufpm;aeMuwm/ ud,
k o
hf m;orD;
awGudk vnfcGifhrjyKEdkifawmhbl;}}vdkY rdb
tawmfrsm;rsm;&JU EIwu
f xkwaf zmf nnf;wGm;
oHawGuv
kd nf; Mum;vm&ygw,f/
]]'DESpfawmh taraMumifh w&m;pcef;
vmwm/ aemufEpS u
f s vnfrmS }}vdYk 2013 ckEpS ?f
oBuFefwGif; w&m;pcef;udk rdcifeJYtwlyg
vmwJh touf 13 ESpft&G,f raroD&d
ausmu
f ajymw,f/
]]uReaf wmfawmh 'DEpS w
f &m;pcef;yJ 0ifawmh

r,f/ toufBuD;vmNyDqdkawmh raysmfcsif


awmhygbl;/ oBueF u
f aysmpf &mvnf; raumif;
awmhb;l / vli,fawG aysmcf siaf ysmf ygapawmh/
uk,
d u
f ud,
k t
hf oufeu
YJ ,
kd rf [kwv
f m;}}vdYk
touf 32 ESpt
f &G,f OD;atmifausmrf ;kd u
ajymw,f/
oBuFefwpfESpfxufwpfESpf ydkpnfatmif
oufqikd &f mu r@yfaqmufvyk cf iG hf ta&
twGuaf wG rESpu
f xufw;kd jri chf iG jhf yKay;xm;
wJt
h jyif oBueF w
f iG ;f vHjk cKH a&;udv
k nf; wd;k jri hf
csxm; ay;w,fqdkayr,fh taysmfMuL;wJh
vlwcsKdUaMumifh omrefaysmfcsifoltawmf
rsm;rsm; oBueF yf q
GJ ifEzJT Ykd r0Hrh &JjzpfaeMuwke;f
ygyJ/
]]&efukefaq;HkBuD; ta&;ay:eJY xdcdkuf
'Pf&mXmeudk oBuFefwGif;a&muf&SdvmwJh
vlempm&if;u 2012 ckEpS rf mS 482 OD;yg /
aoqHk;olu wpfOD;? 2013 ckESpfrSmawmh
aoqHk;ol oHk;OD;tygt0if 518 OD;jzpf
ygw,f}}vdYk a'gufwma':yyu qdyk gw,f/
]]oBueF w
f iG ;f &efuek af q;HBk u;D ta&;ay:
Xme&JUtajctaeudkodcsif&if tusaeY
wpf&ufavmuf vmMunfv
h u
kd af ygh/ tJ'rD mS
udk,fwdkifukd,fusjrif&if odoGm;rSmyg}}vdkY
&efuek af q;HBk u;D u cJpG w
d t
f xl;ukq&m0ef
Bu;D a'gufwmpd;k rif;u qdyk gw,f/
pma&;olwYkd i,fi,fuvdk vrf;avQmuf
vnfvdkYaumif;avmufatmif vHkjcHKNyD;
pnfurf;&SdwJh oBuFefjyefjzpfvmr,fqdk&if
awmhtdrfwGif;ykef;aewJh oBuFef&Gufykef;oD;
av;awG tjyifxu
G f vmNy;D jrefrmhemrnfBu;D
oBuFefkyf&SifZmwfum; wpfum;jzpfwJh
oBueF rf ;dk ky&f iS f u
kd u
f ;l wJh acwfuvdk vrf;r
ay:rSm oBueF rf if;om; rif;orD;awG azG;azG;
vIyaf tmif jyefjrifvm&rSm taotcsmygyJ/
]]oBueF u
f kd qifEzJT ;l ygw,f/ jrefrmvlrsK;d
awGtwGuf tBu;D us,q
f ;kH eJY taysm&f iT &f qH;k
yJaG wmfBu;D jzpfNy;D ESpo
f pfukd BuKd q&kd wJt
h wGuf
tjcm;yJGawmfawGeJY rwlatmif aysmf&TifrI?
pdwfcsrf;ajrhrI cHpm;&w,f}}vdkY a'gufwm
a':yyu ajymw,f/

24

wkwaf &aoewftrsK;d aygif; 100 ausmf aps;uGux


f aJ &mufaeNyD
a&mifpHka&aoewfBuD;awG udkifNyD; a&yufcHxGufwm uav;awGtwGufomru vlBuD;awGtwGufyg vlawG&JU tmHkpdkufrIudk cH&wJh Id;xkwfjcif;wpfrsKd; jzpfvmygNyD...
jrwfEdk;OD;
myatnoe.mcm@gmail.com

oBuFeo
f cD si;f awG wpfESpfeJYwpfESpf rwlbJ
ajymif;vJaeovdk a&upm;wJhae&mrSm
toHk;jyKwJh upm;p&mypnf;awG ajymif;vJ
vmwm awGU&ygw,f/
20 &mpkacwfrSmawmh oajy&Guef YJ a&
zse;f yufw"hJ avhawG aysmufq;kH vmNyD; wkwf
EdkifiHu 0ifvmwJh yvwfpwpfa&aoewf
awG? a&yHk;awGu aps;uGufxJudk 'DZdkif;pHk?
ta&miftaoG;pHkeJY aps;EIef;oufouf
omom 0ifa&mufvmMuygw,f/
&efuek Nf rKd U vufum;aps;awGjzpfwhJ r*Fvm
aps;eJY ,kZeyvmZmwdrYk mS oBueF yf aJG wmf&uf
eD;vmwmeJt
Y rQ yvwfpwpfa&aoewf0,f
,lcsio
f al wGeYJ vufvjD yefa&mif;rnfo
h al wG
rwfvqef;upwifNy;D ysm;yef;cwfouf0if
vIy&f mS ;vmygw,f/
tckacwf&UJ zuf&iS af &pD;aMumif;tvdu
k f
vli,fawGu 'DZdkif;qef;NyD;zuf&SifuswJh
a&aoewfawGudk ESpfoufvmwmeJYtwl
pD;yGm;a&;orm;awGuvnf; olYxufig
tNyKd it
f qdik f 'DZikd ;f qef;xkwv
f yk w
f maMumifh
aps;uGux
f rJ mS a&aoewftrsK;d aygif; 100
ausmaf vmuf ae&m,lxm;ygw,f/

0,fou
l kd apmifah rQmaf eonfh oBuFeaf &aoewfta&mif;qkid w
f pfqidk u
f kd awGU&pOf/"mwfykH - jrefrmwkid ;f (rf)
wkwEf ikd if x
H w
k f a&aoewfawGu aps; uae0ifaewmyJ/ wpfEpS ef w
YJ pfEpS rf wlb;l }}vdYk t&yf&yfuvlawGu yGaJ wmftwGuf BuKd wif
csKo
d mNy;D yHpk rH sKd ;pHek YJ aps;uGuu
f kd 0ifa&muf r*Fvmaps;u vJo
h Ziftkyq
f ikd yf ikd &f iS f rEkEk jyifqifaeMuNy;D yGaJ wmf&ufrmS a&upm;zdYk
vmwmrdkY jynfwGif;xkwf a&aoewfawG (trnfv)TJ u ajymw,f/
a&aoewfawGukd &efuek rf mS vm0,favh&dS
aps;uGuu
f ae wjznf;wjznf;eJY aysmufu,
G f
]]wkwfjzpfawGu aps;oufomw,f/ ygw,f/ 'DEpS u
f awmh wjcm;ESpaf wGeYJ rwlbJ
vmwmvnf; &Syd gw,f/
ta&mifp?kH 'DZikd ;f pHw
k ,f/ txl;tqef;av;awG &efuek Nf rKd UwGi;f u0,f,rl u
I e,fu 0,f,rl I
]]uRefawmfwdkYqdkifrSm wkwfypnf;yJ vnf;&Sw
d ,f/ a&mif;&0,f&wm tqifajy xuf rsm;aew,fvYkd qdMk uygw,f/
wifw,f/ aps;utedrq
hf ;kH 300 usyf uae awmh wkwfypnf;udkyJwifMuw,f}}vdkY
rwfvtpuae oBuFefyxraeYtxd
tjrifq
h ;kH 7000 usyf txd&w
dS ,f/ oBueF f ausmufajrmif;aps; tkyfqdkifwpfqdkifu oBuFefa&aoewf a&mif;0,frIawG&SdNyD;
rwdkifciftxduawmh a&mif;ae&w,f/ ta&mif;0efxrf;wpfO;D u qdyk gw,f/
oBueF Nf y;D wmeJY odak vSmifypn;f jzpfomG ;wmrdYk
ypn;f 'DZikd ;f topfawG wpfEpS w
f pfcg wkwf
oBuFefa&mufeD;vmwmeJY te,fe,f ESppf Ofa&mif;tm;udk rSe;f qNy;D 0,f,rl mS om

tqifajyw,fvYkd qkid &f iS af wGuajymw,f/


]]a&aoewfawGu oBuFefwpfwGif;yJ
a&mif;&wmav/ Ny;D &ifo;kH r,fah e&mr&Sad wmh
bl;/ usef&ifodrf;xm;NyD; aemufESpfrS
jyefxw
k af &mif;&w,f/ wpfEpS ef w
YJ pfEpS f 'DZikd ;f
awGu wpfrsK;d Ny;D wpfrsK;d xGuaf ewmqdak wmh
rSmuwnf;u a&mif;tm;&SdoavmufudkyJ
csed q
f Ny;D rSm&wmaygh}}vdYk aejynfawmf tkyf
vufum;qdik u
f a':0gu ajymw,f/
a&aoewfaps;uGux
f rJ mS usyf 500 usyf
uae usyf 1000 0ef;usi&f dS a&aoewfawG
u 0,f,rl t
I rsm;qH;k eJY vlBuKd uf trsm;qH;k
jzpfygw,f/ yvwfpwpfa&aoewfawGu
vlBudKufrsm;NyD; ta&mif;t0,faumif;ay
r,fv
h nf; pwD;a&ydu
k af wGuawmh ta&mif;
t0,fat;NyD; yGJawmf&ufeD;rSom 0,f,lrI
tenf;i,f &Sw
d ,fvYkd ,kZeyvmZmu tkyf
qdkif 0efxrf;wpfOD;u qdkygw,f/
]]oBueF rf a&mufcifuwnf;u uav;awG
u a&aoewfukd vdck siaf eMuw,f/ xl;xl;
qef;qef;? 'DZikd ;f topfav;awGq&kd if uav;
awGu t&rf;BuKd uMf uw,f/ t"duu uav;
awGtwGuf a&mif;&wmqdkawmh 'DZdkif;
qef;qef;wifEdkifav ydka&mif;&avyJ}} vdkY
awmifOuvmyNrKd Ue,fu vufvt
D kyq
f ikd f
u a':aX;u ajymw,f/

26

r*FvmESpfopfudk
pnfwD;NyD;ul;ajymif;MuwJh
usKdif;wHkoBuFef
a'gufuvyfpfavmif;
dlong125@gmail.com

&Sr;f jynfe,f usKdif;wHkNrdKUrSm ESpfopful;oBuFef


usif;yyHku NrdKUv,frSm&SdwJh aemifwHkuef
ywfywfvnfrSm r@yfawGaqmuf? wpfae
ukefwpfaecef; um;eJYa&yufcHxGuf? a&yuf
olu yufeJY jrefrmEdkifiHwpf0ef;rSm usif;yyHkeJY
twlwlygyJ/
'gayrJh usKdif;wHkrSm ESpfopful;yGJudk olYudk,f
ydkif xl;jcm;wJhenf;eJYvnf; usif;yygao;
w,f/ tJ'guawmh 1410 pDtD;avmufu
jzpf&yfeJY oufqdkifygw,f/ tJ'DESpfumvawG
twGif;rSmqdk&if usKdif;wHkNrdKUwpf0dkufue,f
awGrSm rdk;acgifNyD; awmrD;avmiffwmawGjzpf
aewJhtwGuf aumufyJoD;ESHawG ysufpD;&

ovdk vlawG&JUvkyfief;awGvnf; ysufjym;cJh


&ygw,f/
'@m&Dvmt& ajym&r,fq&kd if tJ'aD 'o
&JUapmfbmG ;u aq;ukorIc,
H zl t
Ykd wGuf q&m
Ow&vdkYac:wJh emrnfBuD;euwfaA'ifq&m
udk vdkuf&Sm&muae 'Dtjzpftysufu pyg
w,f/
q&mOw&u wGufcsufMunfhvkdufwJh
tcgrSm jrefrmeuwfaA'tvdkt& usKdif;wHk
NrdKU[m wevFmeHjzpfNyD; N*dKvfoGm;N*dKvfvm
t& veJY wpfwef;wnf; usa&mufaeovdk
wpfzufrSmvnf; tJ'DNrdKU&JU wkdif;&if;om;
acgif;aqmif ,Gef;trsKd;awG[m &m[kN*dKvf
xJa&mufaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh rd;k acgifa&&Sm;
jzpfaewmvdkY a[mvdkufygw,f/
tJ'DvdkjzpfaewmudkajyaysmufzdkYtwGuf

&Srf;jynfe,f? usKdif;wHkNrdKU ESpfopful;yGJ tcrf;tem; usif;yaeyHk/"mwfyHk a'gufuvyfavmif;


rdkif;a,mif;&Gmu wdkif;vdkifwdkif;&if;om;
24 OD;udk usKdif;wHkNrdKUqDac:um teDa&mifeJY
tjzLa&mif0wfpkH 0wfqifapygw,f/ Ny;D awmh
oBueF 'f kwd,aeY aeYv,fwpfem&DavmufrSm
NrdKUv,fu p0fvHkuwfewfuGef;rSm eEaA&d
pnfawmfBuD;udk oGm;xm;cdkif;NyD; wpf&ufvHk;

rem;wrf; wD;cdkif;NyD; ,MwmacszdkY rSmvkduf


ygw,f/
tJ'gtjyif yg;pyfxJrSm teDa&mif]v}
wpfpif;iHkxm;wJh zm;wpfaumif (&m[kN*dKvf
udk ukd,fpm;jyKwJh) yHkwludk usKdif;wHkNrdKUta&SU
ajrmuf b uf u erf h c rf ; acsmif ; em;u
avmifukyf(zm;&Gm)rSm &THUeJY xkvkyfapygw,f/
oJyHkapwDwpfqludkvnf; tJ'DrSm wnfckdif;
ygw,f/
pnfawmfudk 24 em&D tqufrjywf
wD;apNyD;wJhtcgrSmawmh pnfawmfudk
ewfuGef;uae jyefo,foGm;zdkY q&mOw&u
nTefMum;xm;ygw,f/ NrdKUrdNrdKUzESpfOD;u
r*Fvokwf&GwfNyD; apwDeJY zm;kyfwkudk
uefawmhaeMuwJh zm;&GmqDrSm pnfawmfudk
oGm;xm;wJhtcgrSm vlawGwef;pDNyD; vdkuf
oGm;MuzdkYvnf; rSmMum;vdkufygw,f/
euwfaA'q&m rSmMum;wJhtwdkif;
&Gmom;awG jyKvkyfvdkufNyD;wJhaemufrSmawmh
tJ'Da'orSm rdk;awG rSefrSefjyef&Gmvmygo
wJh/ aumufyJoD;ESHawGvnf; pdrf;pdrf;pdkpdkeJY
jyefjzpfvmNyD; v,form;awG&JU vkyfief;cGif
vnf; jyefNyD; touf0ifvmygw,fwJh/
'gaMumifh tJ'De,fu apmfbGm;vnf; tJ'D
tcrf;tem;udk ESpfpOfESpfwdkif; usif;yzdkY
trdefYxkwfvdkufygowJh/
tckacmwfrSmawmh usKdif;wHka&obif
yGJukd NrdKUv,fu ewfuGef;rSm xHk;wrf;pOfvm
twdkif; pwifNyD; usif;yMuygw,f/ r*Fvm
ck oif;udkrIwfNyD; a'oqdkif&m tmPmydkif
awGeJY yGJawmfusif;ya&;aumfrwDOu|u
rdefYcGef;awG a>cMuygw,f/
tJ'DtpDtpOfawG NyD;wJhaemufrSmawmh
ausmif;olausmif;om;awGeJY wkdif;&if;om;
tzGJUawG udk,fpm;jyKwJh tutzGJU? tqdktzGJU
awGu oDqdkujyajzazsmfMuygw,f/ pnf
awmfBuD;udk wD;zdkY wm0efay;cHxm;&wJh
wdkif;vdkifwdkif;&if;om;awGvnf; wdkif;&if;
om;tzGJUawGxJrSm yg0ifygw,f/
aemufwpfaeYrSmawmh ewfuGef;rSm vlawG
jyefqHkMuygw,f/ aeYv,fwpfem&DwdwdrSm
awmh ewfqdk;awGudk armif;xkwfzdkYeJY r*Fvm
&SdwJh ESpfopfudkBudKqdkzdkY pnfawmfBuD;udk 24
em&Dwdwd rem;wrf;wD;r,fhae&mrSm eEaA&d
pnfawmfBuD;udk pifay:wifygw,f/
pifay:wifvdkufwJhtcsdef rSmyJ pnfawmf
BuD;udk NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;r;u tarT;eHYom
a&awGeJY jzef;yufNyD; ckESpfcsufwD;vdkuf
ygw,f/ pnfawmfwpfcsufwD;wdkif; vlawG
u tkyfcsKyfa&;r;? jynfoljynfom;eJY
EdkifiHawmfcsrf;om<u,f0NyD; pnfyifapzdkYeJY
pnfawmfoH pMu0Vmxdwdkif jrnf[nf;apzdkY
wkdifwnfMuygw,f/
tJ'Dvdk wdkifwnfoHawGeJY pnfawmfBuD;
udk ckESpfcsufwD;NyD;wJhaemufrSmawmh pnf

awmfudk aemufaeY aeUv,fwpfem&Dtxd


rem;wrf;wD;zdkY wdkif;vdkifwdkif;&if;om;acgif;
aqmifwpfOD;&JU vufxJudk pnfawmfudk
vTJtyfvdkufygw,f/ tJ'DaemufrSmawmh
pnfawmfudk pifay:ucsNyD; vGdKifarG-rdkif;,ef;
vrf;u zm;&GmqDukd vlwef;Bu;D eJt
Y wl vdu
k yf g
ydkYaqmifMuygw,f/ zm;&GmrSm &THUzm;kyfeJY
oJapwDudk ESpfopful;twGuf ESpfwdkif;
jyKvkyfMuygw,f/
vrf;wpfavQmufrSm wdkif;vdkif*Dwynm
&SifawGu pnfawmfudk wD;cwfvmcJhMuNyD;
wjcm;olawGuawmh a&mifpHktvHav;awG
udk udkifvmMuygw,f/ 'Dvlwef;BuD;[m
zm;kyfwkeJY oJapwDudk uefawmh&mae&mudk
oGm;aeMuwmjzpfwJhtwGuf ab;uae &yf
MunfhwJholawGuvnf; uHaumif;jcif;awG
&&SdapzdkYtwGuf pnfawmfvdkufydkYwJh vlwef;
BuD;udk tarT;eHYom&nfawGeJY yufzsef;Mu
ygw,f/
oBuFefaemufqHk;&ufrSmawmh pnfawmf
Bu;D udk usKid ;f wHu
k r[mrkeb
d &k m;udk o,fomG ;
Muygw,f/ tJ'DrSm usKdif;wHkNrdKUapmifhewf&JU
ewfuGef;&Sd&m anmifyifwpfyif teD;rSm
&SdwJh 0yfqHkcrf;bkef;BuD;ausmif;u oHCm
awmfav;yg;u pnfawmfudk tarT;eHYomawG
eJY zsef;yufay;NyD; *gxmrE&m;awG &Gwfzwf
ref;rIwaf y;ygw,f/ Ny;D wJt
h cgrSmawmh 'Dpnf
awmfBuD;udk 0yfuefZHbkef;BuD;ausmif;rSm
aemufESpftxd jyefNyD; odrf;xm;Muygw,f/
oD&rd if;xGe;f bmomjyefonf/

28

tckacwfajr;t&G,rf ed ;f uav;awG 0wfpm;qif,ifyMkH unfNh y;D aMumufrw


d ,f
i,fpOfb0 oBueF cf sed cf g? ,aeYacwfoBueF ?f vli,fawG okyyf su0f wfpm;qif,ifreI yYJ wfoufNy;D tu,f'rD 'gu
kd w
f m Munfp;kd xGe;f u a0zefajyMum;xm;ygw,f/
tdtdol
91.eieithu@gmail.com

jrefrmh;kd &m ESpfopful;oBuFef[m ae&m


a'o? aysmf&TifyHkcsif; rwlnDMuayr,fh
tm;vHk;&JU&ifxJrSm oBuFefqdkwJh tESpfom&
udk cHpm;rdwmjcif;uawmh twlwlyJ jzpf
vdrfhr,fvdkY xifygw,f/
jrefrmhyk &f iS af vmu&JU q&mwpfqjl zpfwhJ
tu,f'rD 'gdu
k w
f mMunfp;kd xGe;f u a&Tbkd
Zmwdtnmom;jzpfwmrdYk i,fb0&JUoBueF f
yH&k yd af wGukd ajcmufaoGUpGmeJyY J ukeq
f ;kH jzwfoef;
cJ&h Ny;D uav;b0u a&upm;p&m &Sm;yg;wm
aMumifh ykq;kd pkwu
f kd 0g&SmvkyNf y;D caemfceJY
a&>ywfwHeJYa&yufcJh&w,fvdkY qdkygw,f/
tJ'aD &>ywfuvnf; wpfreufcif;avmufom
oH;k vk&Yd Ny;D oBueF &f uftm;vH;k a&>ywfjyifae
&wmeJY tcsed u
f ek w
f mygyJvYkd qdyk gw,f/
]]i,fi,fwek ;f uoBueF q
f &kd if a&&Sm;&Sm;eJyY J
jzwfoef;cJ&h ygw,f/ a&yuf&r,fo
h u
l vnf;
r&S?d a&yufypn;f uvnf; &Sm;yg;w,f/ tck
acwfrmS vdk aumif;wJah &upm;ypn;f r&Scd yhJ g
bl;}} vdYk touf 69 ESp&f NdS yjD zpfwhJ 'gdu
k w
f m
Munfp;kd xGe;f u ajymw,f/
]]uRefawmfwdkYt&G,fwkef;u aysmf&r,fh

tcGit
hf a&;r&cJyh gbl;/ a&&Sm;wJah e&ma'o
jzpfwmuwpfaMumif;? a&upm;wJhypnf;
uvnf; tckacwfvrkd sK;d raumif;wJt
h jyif
a&yufcHr,fholuvnf;r&Sdygbl;/ udk,fu
a&yufcsiw
f hJ rde;f uav;&S&d ifawmifrS olu
tdrftjyifrxGuf&if a&yufzdkYtcGifhta&;
r&Syd gbl;}}vdYk oluqdyk gw,f/
]]oBueF w
f iG ;f qd&k if tvkyv
f yk v
f Ykd ydak umif;
w,fvYkd xifwmyJ/ pmzwfvv
Ykd nf;aumif;
w,f/ ydawmufyifMunfNh y;D awmhvnf; oHa0*
,lp&maumif;ygw,f/ a0a0qmqm yGiahf e
ayr,fh tcsed w
f pfPav;twGi;f rSmyJ vlawG
&JU vdck siw
f yfrufraI vmbaMumifh tyGiahf wGeYJ
a0qmae&muae tudik ;f tcufawG usK;d yJh
ysuq
f ;D &wJh b0udck sucf si;f a&mufomG ;wmudk
MunfNh y;D oHa0*&wmyg}}vdYk olu ajymw,f/
]]vlBuD;awGu oBuFefwGif; bkef;BuD;
ausmif;oGm;&if uReaf wmfwu
Ykd ykd g ac:oGm;
avh&Sdygw,f/ ESpfa[mif;uae ESpfopfudk
ul;ajymif;wJh tcgor, jzpfwmaMumifh
bkef;BuD;ausmif;rSm tvtwef;awG?
pwk'domrkefYawGauR;wmaMumifh bkef;BuD;
ausmif;udkvdkufoGm;&wmudkvnf; aysmfyg
w,f/ tJ'gaMumifhbkef;BuD;ausmif;oGm;wJh
tavhtusi&hf vmNy;D Oykoo
f v
D apmif,
h &l wJh

tu,f'rD 'gdkufwm Munfpdk;xGef;/


oabmw&m;tESpfom&udk em;vnfvm
ygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh i,fi,fwek ;f u b0udk
aumif;w,fvjYkdrifygw,f}}vdYk oluqdyk gw,f/
jrefrmtrsdK;orD;awG&JU oBuFefumv
twGif; 0wfpm;qif,ifrIeJY ywfoufNyD;
'gdkufwmMunfpdk;xGef;u ]]uRefawmfwdkY
acwfwek ;f u a&upm;MuwJh rde;f uav;awGu
tyGihf u
kd x
f bD vHv
k jkH cKH jcKH av;awGeq
YJ akd wmh
jrif&wmoabmusrdygw,f/ tckacwf
wlrt&G,?f orD;t&G,?f ajr;t&G,f rde;f uav;
awG&UJ 0wfpm;qif,ifyMkH unfNh y;D awmh aMumuf
rdw,f/ aemif'x
D ufyq
kd ;kd vm&ifqw
kd t
hJ awG;
eJY awG;rdNy;D aMumufwmyg}} vdYk qdyk gw,f/
jrefrmdk;&mESpfopful;wJh oBuFefqdkwm
usi;f yaeus tcgor, rajymif;vJayr,fh

ajymif;vJvmwJh acwfa&pD;aMumif;aMumifh
jrefrmrdef;uav;awG&JU ,Ofaus;rIyHkpH
uGmjcm;vmw,fvYkd olu ajymw,f/
avmbw&m;awGuo
kd m rxde;f odr;f Edik &f if
aemifEpS af wGrmS jrefrmd;k &moBueF u
f kd yHak zmf
wJt
h cg jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIeq
YJ efu
Y siNf y;D ydq
k ;kd
vmEdkifygw,fvdkY 'gdkufwmMunfpkd;xGef;u
oBuFefwGif; vli,fawGokyfysuf0wfpm;
qif,ifNyD; aysmfyg;aomif;usef;MuwmeJY
ywfoufNy;D ol&Y UJ tjrifukd ajymw,f/
]][D&dMowyw&m;qdkwJh t&Sufw&m;eJY
taMumufw&m;ESpyf g;u avmuudk apmifh
a&SmufaewJw
h &m;ESpyf g;yg/ t&Sut
f aMumuf
om r&Sad wmh&if avmuBu;D ysupf ;D r,fo
h abm
oufa&mufr,f/ tJ'gaMumifh rdru
d ;kd uG,&f m
bmomw&m;udk udik ;f diI ;f Mur,fq&kd if okyf
ysu0f wfpm;qif,ifru
I kd avsmeh nf;apr,fvYkd
xifygw,f/ tckacwfuaJ ewJh uav;awG
u bmomw&m;eJY uif;a0;aew,fvYkd xif
ygw,f}}vdYk olu qdyk gw,f/
jrefrmhdk;&mESpful;wJh twmoBuFefrSm
jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;omru urmt
h &yf&yfrS Edik if H
jcm;om; c&D;oGm;{nfo
h nfrsm;uvnf; yg0if
qifEaJT vY&ySd gw,f/ jrefrmh;kd &m oBueF t
f csed f
tcgudkudkufNyD; wrifvma&mufvnfywf

MuwJh Edik if jH cm;om;awG&o


dS vdk MuKH BuKd uv
f Ykd
yg0ifqifEGYJcGifh&oGm;wJh EdkifiHjcm;om;awG
vnf;&Syd gw,f/ b,fvykd jJ zpfjzpf tdr&f iS jf zpf
wmrdYk uRerf wdu
Yk aEG;axG;pGm BuKd q&kd rSmyg/
]]tdr&f iS u
f ,
kd w
f ikd u
f xde;f xde;f odr;f odr;f ?
,Of,Ofaus;aus;? odrfodrfarGUarGUeJYaeEdkif
r,fq&kd if aumif;wmaygh/ tajymtqd?k tae
txdkifutp atmufwef;usaer,fqdk&if
&Supf &maumif;ygw,f}}vdYk olu ajymw,f/
jrefrmhdk;&m ESpful;oBuFefonf jrefrm
vlrsKd ;rsm;tzdYk r*Fvm,lMuaom tcsed t
f cg
ygyJ/ bke;f Bu;D ausmif;wd?Yk bk&m;apwDwrYkd mS
Oykoo
f v
D apmifNh y;D r*Fvm,lMuolawGvnf;
&SNd y;D wpfO;D ESiw
hf pfO;D aysm&f iT Mf uyH?k jzwfoef;Mu
yHkjcif;vnf;rwlMuygbl;/ tJ'DtxJurSm
oBueF t
f csed t
f cgrSm at;aq;pGmjzwfoef;
avh&SdwJh 'gdkufwm Munfpdk;xGef;u 'DESpf
oBueF rf mS vnf; ESpo
f uf&mpmtkyaf wGzwf&if;
wpfOD;wnf;at;aq;pGmyJ ukefqHk;zdkY tck
uwnf;u qH;k jzwfxm;w,fvYkd qdyk gw,f/
ESpfwpfESpf&JUtqHk;jzpfNyD; ESpfwpfESpf&JU
tpjzpfwhJ oBueF cf sed cf grSm jzwfoef;cJw
h hJ b0
wpfavQmuf trSww
f &rsm;pGmxJu trSwf
w&wpfcktaeeJYusef&Sd trSwf&aeapzdkY
aysm&f iT pf mG jzwfoef;Muyg pdv
Yk m;&Si/f  g

29

30

(7)&ufom;orD;rsm;twGuf uHMurma[mZ,m;
arG;aeY

we*FaEG

wevFm

t*Fg

Ak'[l;
(&m[k)
(8)

Mumoyaw;

aom
Mum

pae
(udwf)
(9)

zGm;vuPm

usef;rma&;

ynma&;

pD;yGm;a&;

vlrIa&;

tcspfa&;

t"dywd
&mZ
txGef;
odkuf
ykwd
r&P
b*F
t"dywd
&mZ
txGef;
odkuf
ykwd
r&P
b*F
t"dywd
&mZ
txGef;
odkuf
ykwd
r&P
b*F
t"dywd
&mZ
txGef;
odkuf
ykwd
r&P
b*F
t"dywd
&mZ
txGef;
odkuf
ykwd
r&P
b*F
t"dywd
&mZ
txGef;
odkuf
ykwd
r&P
b*F
t"dywd
&mZ
txGef;
odkuf
ykwd
r&P
b*F

aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
ESvHk;tm;enf;
ul;pufa&m*g
tmkHaMum
rsufpd
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
vnfacsmif;
aoG;tqdyf
ESvHk;tm;enf;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
zsm;emudkufcJ
ul;pufa&m*g
tpmraMu
0rf;csKyfysuf
azma&mif
vQm? oGm;
pdwfzdpD;rI
tpmtdrf
0rf;avQm
emwm&Snf
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
0rf;csKyf
ava&m*g
tpmtdrf
tmkHaMum
aumif;
aumif;
qD;yl^csKyf
0rf;ysuf
aoG;wufus
aoG;^qD;
0rf;udkuf
qD;csKyf
zsm;emudkufcJ
ESvHk;
tla&mif
av;bufem
ul;pufa&m*g
vdyfacgif;

aumif;
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
aumif;
nHh
aumif;
nHh
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
nHh
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
nHh
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
nHh
nHh
oihf
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
nHh
nHh
nHh
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
nHh
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
nHh
aumif;
nHh
aumif;
oihf
aumif;

aumif;
oihf
oihf
oihf
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
oihf
oihf
aumif;
nHh
aumif;
oihf
nHh
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
nHh
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
aumif;
nHh
aumif;
oihf
oihf
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
nHh
oihf
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
aumif;

oihf
oihf
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
nHh
oihf
oihf
aumif;
aumif;
nHh
oihf
oihf
oihf
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
oihf
nHh
oihf
oihf
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
oihf
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
oihf
oihf
oihf
aumif;
aumif;
nHh
oihf
nHh

aumif;
oihf
aumif;
oihf
oihf
nHh
aumif;
oihf
nHh
oihf
aumif;
oihf
oihf
oihf
oihf
nHh
oihf
aumif;
oihf
oihf
oihf
aumif;
oihf
oihf
oihf
oihf
oihf
aumif;
oihf
oihf
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
oihf
oihf
aumif;
oihf
oihf
oihf
aumif;
oihf
oihf
oihf
oihf
nHh
oihf
nHh
oihf
oihf

tdrfaxmifa&; EdkifiHjcm;c&D;
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
oihf
aumif;
nHh
aumif;
oihf
nHh
oihf
aumif;
oihf
oihf
oihf
aumif;
oihf
oihf
aumif;
oihf
oihf
oihf
oihf
oihf
aumif;
oihf
oihf
oihf
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
oihf
oihf
oihf
oihf
aumif;

aumif;
aumif;
oihf
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
oihf
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
nHh
aumif;
nHh
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
nHh
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
nHh
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
nHh
oihf
nHh
aumif;
aumif;
oihf
nHh
aumif;
aumif;
aumif;
nhhH
oihf
nHh
oihf
oihf
aumif;

q&matmifjrifausmf
trSwf (103)? 3-vTm? ordeAf &rf;vrf;? wmarGNrdKUe,f?
&efuek Nf rdKU/ zke;f - 09-73135632? 09450029183

ab;&eftE&m,f
vlvdrf
tyl? vQyfppf
a&ab;
twGif;&ef
tjyif&ef
twGif;&ef
vlvdrf
rdwfaqGwk
vlvdrf
olcdk;
tjyif&ef
vlvdrf
tjyif&ef
twGif;&ef
tjyif&ef
twGif;&ef
vlvdrf
rD;ab;
rdwfaqGwk
wd&pmef
olcdk;
tjyif&ef
twGif;&ef
rdwfaqGwk
a&ab;
twGif;&ef
avab;
twGif;&ef
rD;
tjyif&ef
twGif;&ef
olcdk;
vlvdrf
a&ab;
rdwfaqGwk
a&ab;
twGif;&ef
tjyif&ef
twGif;&ef
rdwfaqGwk
vlvdrf
tjyif&ef
twGif;&ef
rdwfaqGwk
avab;
rdwfaqGwk
obm0ab;
ya,m*
Oyap'uuH

,Mwm
a&oefYESihf ,yfv
qGrf;qefpdrf; avmif;v
ZD0dw'ge (a&ow0g)
aoG;v? opfoD;v
xD;v
ajymif;? yJ? cdkpmauR;
qDrD;v? a&oefYv
qyfjym? y0gv
'efaygufv
oGm;wdkufaq;v
ema&;ulnDrIrsm;vkyf
acgif;avQmf&nfv
a&oefYv
bk&m;? ausmif;oefY&Sif;a&;
aq;? a&arT;v
yef;v? zdeyfv
zsmv? aumfaZmv
,yf? ,dkoHk;rsKd;v
ZD0dw'ge (a&ow0g)
EGrf;yg;olrsm;udk pGefYMuJ
qGrf;qefpdrf; avmif;v
,yf? yefumv
aoG;v
zko0gpma&Smif
ZD0dw'ge (iSuf^ig;)
a&oefYv
xD;^rsufESmokyfy0gv
tdkrif;rpGrf;olrsm;udk v
a&TouFef;uyfv
'Haygufv
o&ufoD;oeyfv
rsufpOf;v
w&m;pD'Drsm;v
axmywfqGrf;v
vrf;wHwm;tv
ZD0dw'ge (iSuf)
qDrD;v? xD;v
acG;pmauR;yg
xD;^zdeyf^yef;v
qDrD;v^tkef;qGrf;uyf
ema&;ulnDrIrsm;vkyf
odrf^ausmif;ukokdvfjyK
,dkudk;rsKd; v
zsm? tcif;? aumfaZmv
EGrf;yg;olrsm;udk aiGv
bk&m;apwDxHk;ouFef;uyf
a&TouFef;uyfv
a&TxD;qufuyf
EdkYqGrf;qufuyf

{NyDrdk;u ydawmufyef;awG vIdifvIdifyGihfap


&efukefNrdKUv,fwpfae&mwGif vli,fav;wpfOD;u ydawmufyef;rsm;udk 0g;vHk;&Snfjzihf
cl;,laepOf/ ydawmufyef;onf wpfESpfwGif wpfBudrfwnf;om yGihfavh&Sdonf[k tqdk&Sdonf/
ydawmufyef;yGihfcsdef wdkawmif;ayrJhvnf; tm;vyf&ufjy,k*f jzpfojzihf vlBudKufrsm;aomyef;
jzpfonf/"mwfyHk jrefrmwdkif;(rf)

You might also like