BP.

COLUMN BASE PLATES

We will cover only the case of column axial loads. Function of a Base Plate To distribute the load from the steel column to concrete foundation so that bearing pressure on concrete is not exceeded. Since steel is lot stronger than concrete, the steel column must be supported over a "base Plate" How the column & base plates are connected to function The base plate is welded to the column The base plate is anchored to concrete footing by "anchor bolts" The anchor bolts are embedded into concrete Connection by anchor bolts can be fixed (moment resisting) or pinned (no or negligible moment capacity). Base Plate Size -Plan dimension B N Both B & N must exceed the column size -thickness t p , controlled by bending of plate under pressure There are two approaches for t p a) Cantilever method controls when plates has reasonable projection b) Yield-line method (LRFD) controls when plates has small projection The plate thickness is the larger of the two criteria
B N negligible M ~pinned connection N B M

Base Plate

bf

Critical section for bending (AISC method)

(fixed) high moment resistance

m d 0.95d N

t f p=bearing pressure

m n 0.8bf B n

Cantilever approach for larger plates

BP. 2 The design bearing strength c Pp must be

c Pp Pu (ultimate axial load)

Pp
= 0.85 f c' A1

= 0.60
A1 A2 A1~A2

or

Pp
A1 A2

= 0.85 f c' A1 A2 A1 0.85 f c' (2 A1 ) , if A2 > A1

= B N of plate concentrically bearing on concrete

' c

= maxm. area of portion of concrete surface that is geometrically similar to and concentric with the loaded area = concrete strength at 28-day

A1 A2 A1>A2

Cantilever Method
N n2 Factored cantilever moment M u = f p , on section parallel to web. 2 2 N n Mu = fp , on section parallel to flange. 2

f p = actual bearing strength =

b M n

Pu B N

bending strength .of . plate

2 b M n = b Z Fy = b ( N t p / 4) F y 2 orb M n = b ( B t p / 4) F y

1 2 3

Mu

depending on the direction chosen

Thus,
2 N tp N n2 F = fp b 4 y 2 2 2 N tp Fy = f p B n orb 4 2 Solving for t p ,

tp = n

2fp

b Fy

or t p = m

2fp

b Fy

With b = 0.9

t p = 1.5n f p / Fy or t p = 1.5m f p / Fy whichever is larger

Hint: if possible, make n m , this gives minimum thickness t p . b) Yielding of plate within the column area Effective cantilever length n' = 1 d bf 4 Find the factor ( 1.0 ) 4d b f 2 x = , x= (d + b f ) 2 1+ 1 x
d = depth of column, b f = width of flange

BP. 3

= 1.0 when x = 0.64 Required t p = 1.5(n' ) f p / Fy

c) Plate thickness The value of t p will be govern by the larger of three values, n , m or n' .

t p = 1.5 (larger of n , m or n' )

f p / Fy

Example Design the base plate for a W14x145 column of A-36 steel to carry 400kDL , 275kLL and 100kWL . Assume concrete pedestal size 6" more than base plate in both sides. f c' = 3000 psi . Pu = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL = 920k controls Pu = 1.2 DL + 0.5LL + 1.3WL = 748k Thus, Pu = 920k i) Size B N Required Area of base plate, A1 =
Pu 920 = = 601in 2 ' 0.85 f c 0.6 0.85 3

0.80b f = 0.80 15.5 = 12.40in 0.95d = 0.95 14.78 = 14.04in Try B = 24in and N = 25in ; concrete pedestal = 30 31in A2 = 30 31 = 930in 2
A2 / A1 = 930 / 600 = 1.24 < 2.0 maxm.

0.85 f A1 A2 / A1 Use B = 21in and N = 23in (check if satisfactory)

' c

Required A1 =

Pu

601 = 485in 2 1.24

ii) Thickness t p

t p = 1.5 (larger of n , m or n' )

m = 0.5( N 0.95d ) = 0.5(23 14.04) = 4.48" (1) m = 0.5( B 0.80b f ) = 0.5(21 12.40) = 4.30" (2)

f p / Fy

c Pp = 0.85 f c' A1 A2 A1 = 941k

x=

4d b f (d + b f )
2

Pu 4 14.78 15.50 920 = 0.97 > 0.64 = Pp (14.78 + 15.50) 2 941

1 4

Thus, = 1.0 Now, n' = 1 d bf = 4

14.78 15.50 = 3.78" (3)

Largest value of n , m or n' = 4.48" Pu 920 fp = = B N 21 23

t p = 1.5 4.48

f p / Fy = 1.5 4.48

920 = 1.54" = 1 1 2", 21 23 36

Use 1 1 "23" plate 2 "21