Lowell Observatory

Ages 4-8

Jupiter
Luppiter
You cannot teach a man anything. You can only help him discover it in himself. - Galileo Galilei
Courtsey NASA/JPL

Rationale:
Jupiter is a planet of extremes. Its considerable size, strong magnetic and gravitational fields, and incredible number of satellites capture the imagination, making Jupiter an ideal catalyst for exploring numerical operations, size comparisons, gravity, and magnetism.

Contents
1 2 3 4 5 Rationale Questions About Jupiter, Jupiter Fun Facts Integrated Ideas Web, Jupiter Jingle Jupiter Vocabulary, Jupiter Spelling Song Jupiter Bibliography, Internet Resources

More than 1,300 Earths could fit inside Jupiter, our solar systems biggest planet.
Jupiter compared to Earth Courtesy: NASA/JPL

Lowell Observatory

Ages 4-8

Questions about Jupiter

Where is Jupiter in our solar system? Why does Jupiter appear striped? What special attributes does Jupiter have that make it unique in our solar system? How many moons does Jupiter have? What is the nature of Jupiters strong gravitational field? What is the nature of Jupiters strong magnetic field?
Credit: NASA In 1995, NASAs Galileo spacecraft arrived at Jupiter to begin an 8-year study of the planet, its moons, and rings.

Jupiter Fun Facts:

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. It is the biggest planet in our solar system! Jupiters giant belts of brownish colored clouds give it a striped appearance. Jupiter has more than 60 confirmed moons. The largest moon, Ganymede, is the largest moon in the solar system. It is even bigger than Mercury. Jupiters moon Io is the most volcanic body in the solar system. It has hundreds 2 of active volcanoes!

Credit: Lunar and Planetary Institute

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are known as the Gas Giants because they all have a gaseous nature and are larger than Earth.

Lowell Observatory

Ages 4-8

Integrated Ideas Web

ART LITERACY TECHNOLOGY

Jupiters Great Red Spot is a massive hurricane three times the size of Earth!

Fishing For Magnets

Jupiter Journal

Jupiter Web Quest

Credit: NASA/JPL
SOCIAL STUDIES

MUSIC

MATHEMATICS

SCIENCE

Jupiter Spelling Song Jupiter Jingle

My Weight on Jupiter 50 Ways to Make 50

Great Gravity Magnificent Magnets

Galileo's Discovery

Magnet Map

Jupiter Jingle
Jupiter Jupiter Jive Its planet number five Jupiter Jupiter Tune

(sing to the tune of the Willaby Wallaby name song)

Jupiter Jupiter Song Its magnetic field is strong Jupiter Jupiter Jingle So3cold it would make your toes tingle!

It has more than 60 moons

Lowell Observatory

Ages 4-8

Jupiter Vocabulary
calculate: to figure out compass rose: a directional tool used on maps indicating the points of the compass Galileo Galilei: the astronomer who discovered Jupiters satellites and our moons craters gravitational field: an invisible force around a celestial body which attracts objects to its center gravity: a force of attraction that moves objects toward the center of a celestial body, such as Earth legend: a portion of a map which explains its symbols or other information; also called a key magnet: an object which attracts certain substances, such as iron magnetic field: an invisible force around a magnet which pulls magnetic objects toward it parachute: a device, usually shaped like an umbrella, which lowers objects at a slower rate
The symbol for Jupiter looks like a combination of which two numbers?

Jupiter Spelling Song

(Sing to the tune of Mary Had a Little Lamb)

J-U-P-I-T-E-R, Thats its name, thats its name. J-U-P-I-T-E-R, The 5th planet from the Sun.

Lowell Observatory

Ages 4-8

Jupiter Bibliography
Bennett, J., Schneider, M. & Ellingson, E. (2008). Max Goes to Jupiter. Berger, M. (1995). Discovering Jupiter: The Amazing Collision in Space. Howard, F. (2007). Jupiter (Planets). Loewen, N. (2008). The Largest Planet: Jupiter (Amazing Science: Planets). Seymour, S. (2000). Destination: Jupiter. Taylor-Butler, C. (2008). Updated Jupiter (Scholastic News Nonfiction Readers: Space Science). Wimmer, T. (2007). Jupiter (My First Look at the Planets).

Internet Resources
Ask an Astronomer: Jupiter
http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_kids/AskKids/jupiter.shtml

Astronomy for Kids: Jupiter

http://www.kidsastronomy.com/jupiter.htm

NASAs Kid-Friendly Solar System

http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/kids/jupiter_kids.cfm

Astronomy: for Kids

http://www.astronomy.com/en/News-Observing/Astronomy%20Kids/2008/03/Jupiter.aspx

The Nine Planets

http://kids.nineplanets.org/jupiter.htm

Jupiter Lesson Plans

Ages 4 - 8

Lowell Observatory

July 2011

JUPITER LESSON 1: Great Gravity SUBJECTS ADDRESSED: Science, Mathematics, Language Arts GRADE LEVELS: K-3 STATE STANDARDS ADDRESSED: Arizona State Science Standard Strand 5: Physical Science Concept 1: Properties of Objects and Materials Kindergarten PO 2. Compare objects by the following observable properties: size color type of material Arizona State Science Standard Strand 1: Inquiry Process Concept 2: Scientific Testing (Investigating and Modeling) Kindergarten Grade 2, PO 2. Participate in guided investigations in life, physical and Earth and space sciences. Arizona State Mathematics Standard Strand 1: Number and Operations Concept 2: Numerical Operations Grade 3, PO 2. Create and solve word problems based on addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. LESSON OBJECTIVE, PURPOSE OR GOAL: Students will compare planet sizes and participate in a guided investigation of gravity. With help as needed, students will calculate their weight on Jupiter. INTRODUCTION ACTIVITY: 1. Ask students to reorder a model solar system by size. Which planet is largest? (Jupiter) How does Jupiter compare in size to the other planets? To the Sun? 2. Explain that because Jupiter is larger than Earth, its gravity is greater

Jupiter Lesson Plans

Ages 4 - 8

Lowell Observatory

July 2011

than Earths. Do students know what gravity is? 3. Activity: Ask students to stand up and jump. What makes them come back down? Why dont they just keep traveling up when they jump? 4. Gravity on Jupiter is about 2 times stronger than gravity on Earth. That means if a student weighs 50 pounds on Earth, she would weigh 125 pounds on Jupiter. Help students calculate their weight on Jupiter. APPROX. CLASS TIME NEEDED: 40 minutes LESSON DESCRIPTION/PROCEDURE: 1. Ask students to raise a small object in the air and let it go. What happened? (It dropped to the ground.) Can students think of ways to slow the force of gravity? 2. Create a parachute toy: Cut the top half off of a plastic shopping bag. Poke four tiny holes, equidistant apart, an inch in from the cut edge. Cut four pieces of string, each 18 inches in length. Tie each piece of string to the object, and tie its opposite end through a hole in the shopping bag. Try to ensure that the strings do not cross. Ensure that the bag holes do not rip by placing pieces of packing tape over the holes. 3. Take your parachute toy and the same toy without a parachute to a safe, high place, such as upstairs on playground equipment. If this isnt possible, students could stand on a table. 4. Have a student hold both objects up and then drop them at the same time. Which object drops fastest? MATERIALS: pencils paper calculator (optional) small unbreakable toys or objects to drop (e.g., army figurines, erasers) scissors

Jupiter Lesson Plans

Ages 4 - 8

Lowell Observatory

July 2011

thin string packing tape a safe, high place to drop objects from ruler pencils lined paper or chart paper ASSESSMENT: Teachers conduct ongoing assessments through observation and questioning during the lesson. CLOSURE: Group discussion: What have students learned about gravity? Do they still have any unanswered questions? What would our lives be like if gravity didnt hold us to Earth? What special devices would we need to live? Jupiter Journal: Students write about their experiences with gravity. Beginners may do this as a whole group, dictating their ideas for the teacher to write on chart paper. EXTENSION ACTIVITIES: 1. Use different materials to create parachutes, such as paper bags, plastic containers, wax paper, and thin cotton material. Do any of these make effective parachutes? 2. Collect several small, unbreakable objects to drop, both heavy and light (such as feathers, balls of sculpting dough, pipe cleaners, squares of paper, paperclips, sneakers). Do they all drop at the same speed? Do they all drop straight down? 3. Try dropping balls and other things that bounce. UNIVERSAL DESIGN: This lesson was designed to be easily adapted by the instructor to fit the needs and abilities of individual students. Depending on ability, students may orally describe, dictate, or record their predictions, observations, and conclusions. Students may experiment individually, in pairs, or as a whole group.

Jupiter Lesson Plans

Ages 4 - 8

Lowell Observatory

July 2011

JUPITER LESSON 2: More than 60 Moons! SUBJECTS ADDRESSED: Mathematics GRADE LEVELS: K-3 STATE STANDARDS ADDRESSED: Arizona State Mathematics Standard Strand 1: Number and Operations Concept 1: Number Sense Grade 1, PO 2. Count forward to 100 and backward from 100 by 1s and 10s using different starting points, and count forward to 100 by 2s and 5s. And Concept 2: Numerical Operations Grade 2, PO 2. 1. Solve contextual problems using multiple representations involving addition and subtraction with one- and/or two-digit numbers, multiplication for 1s, 2s, 5s, and 10s, and adding and subtracting money to $1.00. And Concept 3: Systematic Listing and Counting Grade 2, PO 1. List all possibilities in counting situations. LESSON OBJECTIVE, PURPOSE OR GOAL: Students will: count to 60 by 1s, 2s, 5s and 10s, solve contextual problems using addition and subtraction of one- or two-digit numbers, and generate combinations of 60 using addition or multiplication. INTRODUCTION ACTIVITY: 1. Ask students, how many moons does Earth have? What does our moon do? Do other planets in our solar system have moons? Which planet do you think has the most confirmed moons? What do we mean by confirmed moons? Why dont we know for certain that we know about all of them? 2. Show students the image, below, of Jupiter and its four largest moons. These were discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610. Can more advanced students calculate how long ago that was? (Just over 400 years ago.) Can a volunteer point out the largest of these? This is Ganymede, the largest moon in our solar system. It is even larger than Mercury!

Jupiter Lesson Plans

Ages 4 - 8

Lowell Observatory

July 2011

3. Tell students that these are just 4 of Jupiters moons. It has more than Saturn. APPROX. CLASS TIME NEEDED: 45 minutes LESSON DESCRIPTION/PROCEDURE: 1. Tell students that Jupiter has more than 60 confirmed moons. Imagine how our sky would look if Earth had more than 60 moons! How many do you think you could see at once? Why? 2. Now students will create a representation of Jupiter and 60 of its moons using food. Depending on student ability, students may help themselves to 60 food items or teachers may pre-count them for the students. Items could include round, dry cereal circles, round crackers, cookies, banana or other fruit slices or chopped veggies, grapes, cherries, candies, or other small snacks. 3. Students count each item up to 60 as they arrange them in orbit around Jupiter, which could be an orange, apple, round bun, or other food item. Ask students not to eat their snacks until later. 4. Ask students to break their snacks (moons) into groups of 2. Once they have 30 groups of 2, ask them to count them by 2s to 60. 5. Ask students to break their snacks (moons) into groups of 5. Once they have 12 groups of 5, ask them to count them by 5s. This can be repeated with groups of 10 and counting by 10. 6. Tell students that there are many different ways you can add numbers to make 60. With more advanced students, you can also multiply numbers to make 60. Demonstrate by splitting a group of 60 food snacks in half. Write this as an addition problem: 30 + 30 = 60. With more advanced students, it may also be written as 30 x 2 = 60. 7. In partners or small groups, students group their moons into math problems that add or multiply to 60. How many different combinations can they create? 8. Create a 60 Wall: Tape or tack a round poster of Jupiter to the wall. This could be as simple as a colored circle on chart paper. Distribute 60 smaller circles of paper to students. These will be moons. Students write one addition or multiplication problem equaling

Jupiter Lesson Plans

Ages 4 - 8

Lowell Observatory

July 2011

60 on each circle to be taped to the wall around Jupiter. Now students know 60 different ways to make 60. 9. Its finally time to eat! MATERIALS: image of Jupiter and its 4 Galilean moons, below 1 larger round food item per student, such as an apple, orange, or bun 60 smaller food items per student, such as dry cereal circles, crackers, cookies, chopped fruits or veggies, grapes, cherries, or candies Jupiter poster (could be as simple as a colored circle on chart paper) 60 smaller circles of paper tape or sticky tack pencils or markers computer with Internet access (optional) ASSESSMENT: The assessment for this lesson is an observational assessment of student participation and answers to questions posed. CLOSURE: What does 60 look like? Ask students to collect from home 60 items of their choice to show the class. They may choose 60 of any one item (e.g., coins, paperclips, socks, rubber bands, crayons, books, pebbles, pinecones) or a combination of various items adding up to 60. EXTENSION ACTIVITIES: 1. Use the items students have brought from home to create a 60 display. 2. Advanced students may subtract or divide larger numbers to equal 60. 3. Advanced students can conduct a web quest to discover the strange names of Jupiters moons and what they mean. Additional web quest ideas: One of Jupiters moons has the same name as one of the healthiest vegetables. Can students find out what it is? What is special about Jupiters moon Io? What is the name of the spacecraft that dropped a probe into

Jupiter Lesson Plans

Ages 4 - 8

Lowell Observatory

July 2011

Jupiters atmosphere? Does Jupiter have rings? UNIVERSAL DESIGN: This lesson was developed to be easily adapted for all students. Beginner students may not be ready to come up with 60 ways to make 60, or may need assistance. The partner or small group activity may be done with the whole group. Teachers will need to provide mentoring at various stages as needed.

Jupiter Lesson Plans

Ages 4 - 8

Lowell Observatory

July 2011

Jupiter and its four Galilean moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.

Credit: NASA Planetary Photojournal

Jupiter Lesson Plans

Ages 4 - 8

Lowell Observatory

July 2011

JUPITER LESSON 3: Magnificent Magnets SUBJECTS ADDRESSED: Science, Social Studies GRADE LEVELS: K-3 STATE STANDARDS ADDRESSED: Arizona State Science Standard Strand 5: Physical Science Concept 3: Energy and Magnetism Kindergarten PO 2. Investigate how forces can make things move without another thing touching them (e.g., magnets, static electricity). And PO 3. Sort materials according to whether they are or are not attracted by a magnet. Arizona State Social Studies Standard Strand 4: Geography Concept 1: The World in Spatial Terms Grades 1 3, PO 3. Construct a map of a familiar place (e.g., school, home, neighborhood, fictional place) that includes a title, compass rose, symbols and key (legend). LESSON OBJECTIVE, PURPOSE OR GOAL: Students will create a map (e.g., of their home, classroom, car) and use a key to indicate whether items shown on the map are magnetic. INTRODUCTION ACTIVITY: Tell students that Jupiter has the most powerful magnetic field in the solar system. Do students know what a magnetic field is? (An invisible area of magnetism all around a magnet that pulls and sticks magnetic objects to it.) Do students know how magnets work? What do we use magnets for? Fishing for magnets activity: Each student ties a 5-foot string to the end of his or her magnet. For beginners, it may be helpful to do this for them in advance. Students draw, color and cut 5 small fish out of paper and glue one to each paperclip. Using crayons, colored pencils, or markers and paper, students create a pond and place the paperclip fish in the pond on the floor. Students use the magnet and string as a fishing rod to fish for the paper clips.

Jupiter Lesson Plans

Ages 4 - 8

Lowell Observatory

July 2011

APPROX. CLASS TIME NEEDED: 40 minutes LESSON DESCRIPTION/PROCEDURE: 1. Students examine features of real maps, identifying significant features (e.g., title, compass rose, symbols, legend). More advanced students may examine maps in small groups and present findings to the class. 2. Magnet Map: Using a pencil and a ruler, students each draw a map of the classroom or other environment to be used for the experiment (e.g., school, bedroom, car, kitchen). This map should include a title, compass rose, and a space for a legend. 3. Students decide how they want to indicate magnetic or non-magnetic objects and how to indicate this using the legend. For example, they may wish to color magnetic objects in a particular color, or mark them with a tiny sticker. 4. Students then explore the environment with a magnet, testing objects to discover which are magnetic. Each time they discover a magnetic object, students check their map to see if the object has been drawn on it, and if not, it must be included. Then students must indicate that the object is magnetic, either through color, a small sticker, or other chosen method.

MATERIALS: examples of commercially produced maps to study (e.g., world map, road map, building map) one large sheet of plain paper per student rulers pencils 1 magnet per student string 5 paperclips per student large pieces of plain paper colored pencils, crayons, markers, or tiny stickers chart paper, markers computer with Internet access (if possible) ASSESSMENT: Teachers assess students understanding of map features and

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Jupiter Lesson Plans

Ages 4 - 8

Lowell Observatory

July 2011

magnetism based on their explanations of their own maps. CLOSURE: Students share their finished map with the group. Discussion: Which objects were magnetic? Why? On chart paper, create a group list of magnetic and non-magnetic items. EXTENSION ACTIVITIES: 1. Students use their magnets to test items in a new environment and report back to the group. 2. Fill a sack with several untested magnetic and non-magnetic items. Volunteers pull an item from the sack and guess whether it is magnetic or non-magnetic. Then the item is tested and sorted. UNIVERSAL DESIGN: Teachers will need to assist beginner students with map creation. Beginner students may even need to be given partially drawn maps or use one large group map on chart paper.

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