Housing Dilemma in Industri Dalam Bandung

Learning from Impermanency and Transitory Condition of the Urban Poor Settlements

Complex and contradictory conditions,

impermanency and transitions are
opportunities for architecture and urbanism.
The area of Industri Dalam, Bandung is the
perfect site in examining this generative
housing issues in urban areas. Its instability
and dynamism offer opportunities for
architects, urban designers and landscape
architects to look beyond products and
venture into a more sophisticated process
that hopefully will reveal the hidden
potentialities of housing settlements of the
urban poor. Through the manifold
identification of various paradigms in daily
life, generating alternative design solutions
would offer a sustainable and fair living
condition for these marginalized society. This
analysis on the condition of the site is hoped
to provide a guiding framework in
determining strategies and thinking process
in the search of this alternative design
scheme.
 Coretan di dinding membuat resah
Resah hati pencoret mungkin ingin tampil
Tepi lebih resah pembaca coretannya
Sebab coretan di dinding adalah pemberontakan
Kucing hitam yang terpojok di tiap tempat sampah
Ditiap kota…
Cakarnya siap dengan kuku-kuku tajam
Matanya menyala mengawasi gerak musuhnya
Musuhnya adalah penindas
Yang menganggap remeh coretan dinding kota
Coretan dinding terpojok di tempat sampah
Kucing hitam dan penindas sama-sama resah

Iwan Fals & Rachman Tardjana

 Urban Fabric and Components

Housing

River

Industry
Institution

Industry
Housing Hotel

Housing

Train Station Train Depot

Future
Development Commercial
Settlement Dilemma
Settlement Dilemma: Conflict Between Uses Relocation

Rehabilitation

Generic Type Resistance

Mitigation Needs

Flexible Formative Type

Unique Aspiration
Social Condenser
Social Condenser: Interaction Between Neighborhood

Robust Neighborhood

Responsive Grid System

In-Between Spaces

Neighborhood Watch

Spatial Layering
Utilizing Nature
Utilizing Nature: Exploiting Natural Resources

Expanded Natural System

Expanded Public Space

Strategic Positioning

Evolutionary Type Change

Expanded Mitigation Use

Urban Void
Urban Void: Potential of Adaptive Re-use

New Public Spaces

New Programmes

Materials Recycling

Renewable Types

Open Resources

Density Growth

Mitigation Uses
Dwelling Composition
Figure Ground Studies
Urban Built Forms
Urban Built Forms
Urban Built Forms
Taxonomy of Existing House Types

LINEAR/ SQUARE L-TYPE U-TYPE COURTYARD

Taxonomy of Existing Non-Housing Base Types

LINEAR/ SQUARE L-TYPE U-TYPE COURTYARD

Vertical Living: Integration or Fragmentation?

Cultural Practice Change

Expanded Public Space

Rehabilitation

Expanded Density

Configuration Change

Isolation or Assimilation

Question of Identity
Generic Types of Vertical Housing

LOCAL PHENOMENA
 Vertical Living: Learning from Various Types

SILODAM

PEKELILING FLATS

HDB FLATS
KOWLOON WALLED CITY LINK HYBRID

WOZOCOS HABITAT MONTREAL

Urban Sprawl: Urgency in Paradigm Shifts

Cultural Practice Evolution

Reduced Public Space

Rehabilitation

Relocation

Expanded Density

Configuration Change

Isolation or Assimilation
Generic Types of Landed Housing

LOCAL PHENOMENA
 Ground Living: Learning from Various Types

NEW GOURNA VILLAGE

 KALI CODE

KAMPUNG IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM

THE MOUNTAIN DWELLINGS

Housing Condition Evaluation

Acceptable Condition
Evaluation Location
Housing Condition Evaluation

Fair Condition
Evaluation Location
Housing Condition Evaluation

Bad Condition
Evaluation Location
Housing Condition Evaluation

Unfit Condition
Evaluation Location
Non-Housing Condition Evaluation
Good Condition

These non-housing structures

(a mosque, a crematory and a
non-functioning furniture
factory) around the site are
still in good structural
condition. These urban
components are potentials for
positive redevelopment
strategies (re-use, function
change, renewable types
development, etc.). These
existing components may be
utilized to resist the generic
urban growth development
type.
Non-Housing Condition Evaluation
Fair, Bad, Unfit
Conditions

The existing elementary school

that has been serving the
community for a long time is
being seen as one of the most
important components in
regenerating this housing area.
Its fairly but not-so-
comfortable condition require
some intervention.

An old building structure that

is being used as a motorcycle
workshop might have the
potential to be further develop
for generating a healthy
society, economically and
socially.

The almost dilapidated

condition of an old and
abandoned textile factory can
be a new strength for the area
of Industri Dalam, provided a
good adaptive re-use strategy
is implemented.
Material Analysis: Making Use of Local Resources
CURRENT USE
What are Being Used?
Conventional materials; brick,
concrete, zinc sheets,
polycarbonate, fiber sheets, timber
structures and panels, etc.
What Can Be Produced
Locally?
Materials produced from
locally available resources;
stones, brick, recycled
wastes, earth, hybridized re-
used materials, etc.
What are the Society’s
Preferences?
Materials that they know how to
work with and cheap.
Flexible materials for easy
structural and building infill
alteration.
SUITABILITY FOR NEW
INTERVENTIONS
New Structures
Easily produced from local
resources in large quantity.
Strong and durable.
Rehabilitation
Flexible materials for quick
construction and easy
erection process.
Relocation
Flexible materials for quick
construction and easy
erection process.
SUSTAINABILITY
Capacity Building
To encourage usage of locally
produced materials to help
in the capacity building of
the community.
Easy to Get + Easy to Use
Conventional and standard
materials shall be used to
anticipate any new additional
structures, built in the
concept of self-help housing.
Safety and Life Span
Self-resistance against fire,
earthquake and flooding.
Strong and durable.
Self cleaning properties.
Landscape Analysis
 Circulation and Pedestrian Analysis

MOVEMENT

Primary Distributor

District Distributor

Local Distributor

Access Road (Site)

Pedestrian

PROPOSED SITE
Railway
 CAPACITY
Circulation and Pedestrian Strategies Can be Accommodated Safely

CHARACTER
Role of the Street in the Urban Realm and Types of Buildings
MOVEMENT

Primary Distributor

District Distributor

Local Distributor

Access Road (Site)

Pedestrian

PROPOSED SITE
Railway

Proposed Pedestrian

Proposed Access
Within Site
 Vegetation Analysis and Strategies

VEGETATION

Proposed
Greenbelt

PROBLEMS

Less
Vegetation and
Lack of Sound
Barrier Support

OBJECTIVE

Incorporated
into Urban
Areas as Part
of the
Integrated
Landscape

Landscape
Urbanism
Strategies

Recreational
Usage
Polluted River and Ecosystem
Lack of Riparian Vegetation
Riparian Vegetation Strategies

The Three-Zone Buffer Concept Provides a Framework For the Establishment

and Maintenance of a Long-Term Riparian Buffer

( The width of a riparian forest buffer is site specific and

dependant on the landowner’s objectives.
)
Bad Drainage and Water Reticulation System
Drainage

Create Percolation
Tank/Above Ground
tank

Provide Green Open

Space

Create Seepage
Well
Rain Garden Strategy

Reducing and
Filtering
Surface Water
Run-off on
Urban Context
Waste Disposal Problem
Topography Analysis

Legend
Slope Analysis

Legend

0%- 5%

5% - 30%

> 30%
Slope Requirements and Guidelines for Various Land Uses

LAND USE MAXIMUM MINIMUM OPTIMUM

House Sites 20-25% 0% 2%

Playground 2-3% 0,05% 1%

Public Stairs 50% - 25%

Lawns (Mowed) 25% - 2-3%

Septic Drain Fields 15% * 0% 0,05%

Paved Surfaces

Parking Lots 3% 0,05% 1%

Sidewalks 10% 0% 1%

Streets and Roads 15-17% - 1%

Industrial Sites
*Special drainfield designs are required at slopes above
Factory Sites 3-4% 0% 2% 10 to 12 percent

Lay Down Storage 3% 0,05% 1% Guideline Resource:

William M. Marsh, Landscape Planning Environmental

Parking 3% 0,05% 1% Application
 Soil Condition

Pumiceous Tuff:

Tuffaceous Sand, Lapilli,

Bombs, Scoriaceous Lava,
Angular Fragments of Dense
Andesite-Basalt, Many
Pumice Fragments, mostly
from Gunung
Tangkubanparahu and Gunung
Tampomas.

Alluvial Fan

Composition: Sand, Silt, Clay

with Fraction Pebbles and
Cobbles, Markedly Stratified
and Highly Heterogeneous

Drainage: Variable; Upper

Portions May be Well
Drained, Lower Portions May
be Very Poor Owning to
Groundwater.
Local Climate - Temperature

Month Low High

January 24 30
February 23 31
March 24 32
April 24 32
May 24 32
Low Temperature
June 23 32
July 23 32 High Temperature
August 23 33
September 24 34
October 24 34
November 24 33
December 24 32
Local Climate - Precipitation

Month Precipitation

January 27.41
February 24.53
March 24.46
April 19.45
May 7.79
June 5.58
July 1.73 Precipitation
Level
August 0.79
September 1.87
October 7.59
November 19.89
December 24.5
Local Climate - Humidity

Month Humidity

January 90
February 85
March 75
April 75
May 75
June 65
July 75 Humidity
August 60
September 45
October 65
November 75
December 85
Local Climate - Wind Flow

Month Wind

January 3.61
February 3.67
March 2.83
April 3.15
May 4.28
June 4.77
July 5.64
August 5.65 Wind Flow
September 4.96
October 3.76
November 3.19
December 2.89
Local Climate - Wet Days

Month Wet Days

January 18.6
February 16
March 17.3
April 16.7
May 14.7
June 12.5
July 9.6 Wet Days
August 9.3
September 9.5
October 12.7
November 17.7
December 19.3
Local Climate - Clear Day

Month Clear Day

January 0.4
February 0.43
March 0.48
April 0.51
May 0.54
June 0.55
July 0.57 Clear Day
August 0.59
September 0.59
October 0.54
November 0.48
December 0.45
Local Climate - Sun Path Diagram

Sun Path
Today
June 21
December 21
Annual Variation
Equinox (March and September)
Sunrise/ Sunset
Sunrise
Sunset
Time

00-02
03-05
06-08
09-11
12-14
15-17
18-20
21-23
Local Climate - Sunrise, Sunset, Dawn and Dusk Time Graph

Darkness Dawn Sunshine Dusk

Landscaping Potentials and Strategies

Strengthening Social Activities

Development Potential

Allocation for Economic Activities

Empowering the Urban Poor Community

Socio-cultural
Poverty
Structural
SOCIAL
STIGMA
Phenomenal
Marginalized
Community
Psychological

DESIGNERS’ INTERVENTION

Design Strategies Social Movement Strategies

(Physical) (Process)
END