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recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
04/04/2014
App'd by
Date
sr = 22.3 kN/m
Loading details
Variable surcharge load; SurchargeQ = 10 kN/m
2
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
04/04/2014
App'd by
Date
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
04/04/2014
App'd by
Date
- Distance to vertical component; Effective height of wall; - Distance to horizontal component; Area of wall stem; - Distance to vertical component; Area of wall base; - Distance to vertical component; Area of saturated soil; - Distance to vertical component; - Distance to horizontal component; Area of water; - Distance to vertical component; - Distance to horizontal component; Area of moist soil; - Distance to vertical component; - Distance to horizontal component;
xsur_v = lbase - lheel / 2 = 3550 mm heff = hbase + dcover + hret + lsur tan() = 5022 mm xsur_h = heff / 2 = 2511 mm Astem = hstem (tstem + lslf / 2) = 2 m
2
xstem = (hstem tstem (ltoe + lslf + tstem / 2) + hstem lslf / 2 (ltoe + 2 lslf / 3)) / Astem = 1299 mm Abase = lbase tbase = 2.498 m xbase = lbase / 2 = 2775 mm Asat = hsat lheel = 3.2 m xsat_v = lbase - (hsat
2 2 lheel 2
/ 2) / Asat = 3550 mm
2
xsat_h = (hsat + hbase) / 3 = 417 mm Awater = hsat lheel = 3.2 m xwater_v = lbase - (hsat lheel / 2) / Asat = 3550 mm xwater_h = (hsat + hbase) / 3 = 417 mm Amoist = hmoist lheel + tan() lheel / 2 = 12.944 m
2 3 2 2 2
xmoist_v = lbase - (hmoist lheel / 2 + tan() lheel / 6) / Amoist = 3660 mm xmoist_h = ((heff - hsat - hbase) (tbase + hsat + (heff - hsat - hbase) / 3) / 2 + (hsat + tbase) /2) / (hsat + tbase + (heff hsat - hbase) / 2) = 1757 mm
2
xpass_v = lbase - (dcover ltoe (lbase - ltoe / 2) + lslf dcover / (2 hstem) (lbase - ltoe - lslf dcover / (3 hstem))) / Apass = 503 mm
2
- Distance to horizontal component; Area of excavated base soil; - Distance to vertical component;
xpass_h = (dcover + hbase) / 3 = 317 mm Aexc = hpass (ltoe + lslf hpass / (2 hstem)) = 0.503 m
2
xexc_v = lbase - (hpass ltoe (lbase - ltoe / 2) + lslf hpass / (2 hstem) (lbase - ltoe - lslf hpass / (3 hstem))) / Aexc = 503 mm
2
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
App'd by
Date
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
04/04/2014
App'd by
Date
Fmoist_h = G KA cos(r.d) mr ((heff - hsat hbase) / 2 + (heff - hsat - hbase) (hsat + hbase)) = 143.9
2
Total;
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
04/04/2014
App'd by
Date
Msat_OT = Fsat_h xsat_h = 2.5 kNm/m Mwater_OT = Fwater_h xwater_h = 4.3 kNm/m Mmoist_OT = Fmoist_h xmoist_h = 252.8 kNm/m Mtotal_OT = Msat_OT + Mmoist_OT + Mwater_OT + Msur_OT = 344.8 kNm/m
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
04/04/2014
App'd by
2
Date
Fpass_h = -Gf KP cos(b.d) mb (dcover + hbase) / 2 = -37.3 kN/m Ftotal_h = max(Fsat_h + Fmoist_h + Fpass_h + Fwater_h + Fsur_h - (ab.d b + Ftotal_v tan(bb.d)), 0 kN/m) = 0 kN/m
Moments on wall
Wall stem; Wall base; Surcharge load; Saturated retained soil; Water; Moist retained soil; Base soil; Total; Mstem = Fstem xstem = 87.7 kNm/m Mbase = Fbase xbase = 233.9 kNm/m Msur = Fsur_v xsur_v - Fsur_h xsur_h = 127.8 kNm/m Msat = Fsat_v xsat_v - Fsat_h xsat_h = 188.3 kNm/m Mwater = Fwater_v xwater_v - Fwater_h xwater_h = 146.1 kNm/m Mmoist = Fmoist_v xmoist_v - Fmoist_h xmoist_h = 1026.4 kNm/m Mpass = Fpass_v xpass_v - Fpass_h xpass_h = 18.7 kNm/m Mtotal = Mstem + Mbase + Msat + Mmoist + Mpass + Mwater + Msur = 1829 kNm/m
q = (tbase + dcover) mb - (tbase + dcover + hwater) w = q' = q / = 6.7 kN/m2 Nq = Exp( tan('b.d)) (tan(45 deg + 'b.d / 2)) = 10.662 Nc = (Nq - 1) cot('b.d) = 20.721 N = 2 (Nq - 1) tan('b.d) = 9.011
2
sq = 1 s = 1 sc = 1 H = Ftotal_h = 0 kN/m V = Ftotal_v = 671 kN/m m=2 iq = [1 - H / (V + lload c'b.d cot('b.d))] = 1 i = [1 - H / (V + lload c'b.d cot('b.d))]
(m + 1) m
=1
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
04/04/2014
App'd by
Date
ic = iq - (1 - iq) / (Nc tan('b.d)) = 1 Net ultimate bearing capacity; Factor of safety; nf = c'b.d Nc sc ic + q' Nq sq iq + 0.5 (mb - w) lload N s i = 425.7 kN/m FoSbp = nf / max(qtoe, qheel) = 3.459 PASS - Allowable bearing pressure exceeds maximum applied bearing pressure
2
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
04/04/2014
App'd by
Date
Fmoist_v = Gf Amoist mr = 258.9 kN/m Fexc_v = Gf Aexc mb = 10.1 kN/m Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + Fsat_v + Fmoist_v + Fexc_v + Fwater_v = 452.6 kN/m
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
04/04/2014
App'd by
Date
Fwater_h = G w (hwater + dcover + hbase) / 2 = 7.7 kN/m Fmoist_h = G KA cos(r.d) mr ((heff - hsat hbase) / 2 + (heff - hsat - hbase) (hsat + hbase)) = 136 kN/m
2
Fexc_h = -Gf KP cos(b.d) mb (hpass + hbase) / 2 = -27 kN/m Ftotal_h = Fsat_h + Fmoist_h + Fexc_h + Fwater_h + Fsur_h = 159.8 kN/m
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
04/04/2014
App'd by
Date
Total;
Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + Fsat_v + Fmoist_v + Fpass_v + Fwater_v + Fsur_v = 504.6 kN/m
Moments on wall
Wall stem; Wall base; Surcharge load; Saturated retained soil; Water; Moist retained soil; Base soil; Total; Mstem = Fstem xstem = 65 kNm/m Mbase = Fbase xbase = 173.3 kNm/m Msur = Fsur_v xsur_v - Fsur_h xsur_h = 90.4 kNm/m Msat = Fsat_v xsat_v - Fsat_h xsat_h = 139 kNm/m Mwater = Fwater_v xwater_v - Fwater_h xwater_h = 108.2 kNm/m Mmoist = Fmoist_v xmoist_v - Fmoist_h xmoist_h = 708.7 kNm/m Mpass = Fpass_v xpass_v - Fpass_h xpass_h = 13.6 kNm/m Mtotal = Mstem + Mbase + Msat + Mmoist + Mpass + Mwater + Msur = 1298.1 kNm/m
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
04/04/2014
App'd by
2
Date
Nq = Exp( tan('b.d)) (tan(45 deg + 'b.d / 2)) = 6.698 Nc = (Nq - 1) cot('b.d) = 15.273 N = 2 (Nq - 1) tan('b.d) = 4.251
sq = 1 s = 1 sc = 1
H = Ftotal_h = 0 kN/m V = Ftotal_v = 504.6 kN/m m=2 iq = [1 - H / (V + lload c'b.d cot('b.d))] = 1 i = [1 - H / (V + lload c'b.d cot('b.d))] ic = iq - (1 - iq) / (Nc tan('b.d)) = 1
(m + 1) m
=1
nf = c'b.d Nc sc ic + q' Nq sq iq + 0.5 (mb - w) lload N s i = 217.7 kN/m FoSbp = nf / max(qtoe, qheel) = 2.22
2
Ecm = 22 kN/mm (fcm / 10 N/mm ) C = 1.50 cc = 1.00 fcd = cc fck / C = 13.3 N/mm hagg = 20 mm
2 2 2
2 0.3
Partial factor for concrete - Table 2.1N; Compressive strength coefficient - cl.3.1.6(1); Design compressive concrete strength - exp.3.15; Maximum aggregate size; Reinforcement details Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement; Modulus of elasticity of reinforcement;
Es = 200000 N/mm
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
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Partial factor for reinforcing steel - Table 2.1N; Design yield strength of reinforcement;
Cover to reinforcement
Front face of stem; Rear face of stem; Top face of base; Bottom face of base; csf = 40 mm csr = 50 mm cbt = 50 mm cbb = 75 mm
z = min(0.5 + 0.5 (1 3.53 K) , 0.95) d = x = 2.5 (d z) = 61 mm Asr.req = M / (fyd z) = 1171 mm /m 25 dia.bars @ 200 c/c Asr.prov = sr / (4 ssr) = 2454 mm /m Asr.min = max(0.26 fctm / fyk, 0.0013) d = 634
2 2 2
0.5
wmax = 0.3 mm 2 = 0.3 Msls = 152.3 kNm/m s = Msls / (Asr.prov z) = 134 N/mm Long term kt = 0.4 Ac.eff = min(2.5 (h - d), (h x) / 3, h / 2) = 156250
2
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
App'd by
Date
sr.max = k3 csr + k1 k2 k4 sr / p.eff = 441 mm wk = sr.max max(s kt (fct.eff / p.eff) (1 + e p.eff), 0.6 s) / Es wk = 0.177 mm wk / wmax = 0.59 PASS - Maximum crack width is less than limiting crack width
fck
2
0.5
= 0.329 N/mm
4 1/3
0.5
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
App'd by
Date
Tension reinforcement provided; Area of tension reinforcement provided; Minimum area of reinforcement - exp.9.1N; mm /m Maximum area of reinforcement - cl.9.2.1.1(3);
2
Abb.prov = bb / (4 sbb) = 1005 mm /m Abb.min = max(0.26 fctm / fyk, 0.0013) d = 477 Abb.max = 0.04 h = 18000 mm /m max(Abb.req, Abb.min) / Abb.prov = 0.475
2
wmax = 0.3 mm 2 = 0.3 Msls = 35.3 kNm/m s = Msls / (Abb.prov z) = 100.8 N/mm Long term kt = 0.4 Ac.eff = min(2.5 (h - d), (h x) / 3, h / 2) = 134708 fct.eff = fctm = 2.2 N/mm e = Es / Ecm = 6.675 k1 = 0.8 k2 = 0.5 k3 = 3.4 k4 = 0.425
2 2
sr.max = k3 cbb + k1 k2 k4 bb / p.eff = 619 mm wk = sr.max max(s kt (fct.eff / p.eff) (1 + e p.eff), 0.6 s) / Es wk = 0.187 mm wk / wmax = 0.625 PASS - Maximum crack width is less than limiting crack width
fck
2
0.5
= 0.359 N/mm
4 1/3
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
04/04/2014
App'd by
Date
z = min(0.5 + 0.5 (1 3.53 K) , 0.95) d = x = 2.5 (d z) = 73 mm Abt.req = M / (fyd z) = 1529 mm /m 25 dia.bars @ 200 c/c Abt.prov = bt / (4 sbt) = 2454 mm /m Abt.min = max(0.26 fctm / fyk, 0.0013) d = 504
2 2 2
0.5
wmax = 0.3 mm 2 = 0.3 Msls = 107.7 kNm/m s = Msls / (Abt.prov z) = 122.5 N/mm Long term kt = 0.4 Ac.eff = min(2.5 (h - d), (h x) / 3, h / 2) = 125559
2
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
App'd by
Date
fck
2
0.5
= 0.353 N/mm
4 1/3
Retaining wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values.
Project: Section
Job Ref.
Sheet no./rev. 1
Dr. C. Sachpazis
04/04/2014
App'd by
Date