Abstract The aim of this experiment is to measure the physical properties and

[Ar]3d54s1. The highest oxidation state is that corresponding to the total number of 3d and 4s electrons. The most stable and important state is Cr (III), which in an octahedral complex giving a half-filled shell stability (Cotton and Wilkinson, 1972). Chromium (III) has a strong tendency to bind oxygen containing functional groups and form complexes with organic ligand, including oxalate, citrate, malonate, EDTA, and DTPA, which are soluble and stable within environmental pH range, ( Mytych et al.,2005). There are an enormous number of copper (II) compounds are known, the problem of isomerism of these compounds as a whole is still an open question. Classical coordination chemistry could only state that for Cu (II) compounds it appears impossible to prepare cis-trans isomers with monodentate ligands, though the squareplanar ligand arrangement around the Cu (II) atom allows of the possibility of such space isomerism.

isomeric nature of copper (II) and chromium (III) complexes. The copper (II) and chromium (III) are tested in 6 test. For the first test, the structure of both complexes are observed. The structure of copper (II) and chromium (III) are blue powder and black powder respectively. Second test is the solubility and the colour change of the complexes. Copper (II) and chromium (III) show a lot of changes insolubility and colour changes. Third test is the isomerism. Copper (II) are in cis-form and chromium (III) are in trans-form. Fourth test is the confirmatory test for copper and chromium. Copper are present when the solution turned into brick red to confirm its present and chromium is in blackish cloudy to confirmed its present. Fifth test is the solution pH of the complexes, which is Chromium complexes are more basic. Last test is the flame test which is green flame are observed with copper complex and purple flame in chromium complexes. Introduction

Apparatus Chromium is a chemical element symbolized by Cr with atomic number 24.The electronic configuration is

Measuring cylinder, spatula, hot plate, stirring rod, dropper, glass plate and test tube Chemical HCl, NaHCO3, NaOH, dilute ammonia solution, potassium ferrocyanide, acetic acid and lead acetate. Methodology a) Colour and shape. The colour and the shape of the crystal prepared in experiment 3 and experiment 4 are observed. b) Solubility and colour change. A 1mL of samples was placed in a distilled water, 5% HCl, 5%

A few crystals of the product was moisten on a small filter paper resting on a glass plate. A few drops of dilute ammonia solution and then dilute hydrochloric acid was added. the observation was recorded in the table. The solution was immediately form and spreads over the filter paper for the cis-form, there is no solid remain. For trans-form, the solid was remain insoluble. The colour changes was also observed. d) Confirmation chromium. Confirmatory test for copper. A small amount of the copper complex was dissolved in 5 mL distilled water. In a clean test tube, 2 mL of the copper complex solution was poured and 6 M HCl was added until the blue colour fades and the solution was acidic. 3 drops of 0.1 M potassium ferrocyanide, was dropped down the wall of the test tube. The brick red precipitate solution was observed to confirm the presence of copper. of copper and

NaHCO3 and 5% NaOH in four separate clean labelled test tubes. In the each of the test tube, a small amount of complex was added. The solution was mixed well and the observation was recorded in the table. It takes several minutes for the compound to appeared, to dissolved or to reacted. After 10 minutes, the four test tube was heated in a water bath and the observation was

recorded once again in the table.

Confirmatory test for chromium. c) Isomerism.

small

amount

of

chromium

complex was dissolved in 5 mL of distilled water. Into a clean test tube, 2 mL of the chromium solution was poured. Several drops of 6 M acetic acid was added into the solution and the solution was acidic enough. 5 drops of 2 M lead acetate was added. The formation of blackish cloudy precipitate confirmed the presence of chromium (III). e) Solution pH. A stirring rod was used to deposit the solution onto a piece of pH paper. High pH indicates a basic solution. Thus, Chromium is more basic. f) Flame test. A wire was dipped into a beaker of HCl, and was placed in a flame until the flame returns into its original colour. The wire was ensured clean. A wire was dipped in the salt that are tested. The colour of the flame was recorded when the liquid was

evaporated.

Discussion During the experiment, there are several complication. Some of the test are not displaying the result. In the confirmatory test for chromium, the bright yellow colour was never observed. Instead a blackish cloudy was observed. This occurs because the solution or the complex was already contaminated. Thus, it make the chromium in the complex fail to react. In the future, make sure the apparatus, chemical and material for the experiment are clean and not contaminated by foreign matter or chemical. Conclusion The measurement of the physical properties and isomerism of copper (II) and chromium (III) was successfully carried out.

References: Duncan, J. (2010). Experiment 1: synthesis inorganic and analysis of an

compound.

Informally

published manuscript, Department of Chemistry, Plymouth State

University, New Hampshire, US, United States. Eiichi, Y., Tomiya, I., Tsuyoshi, S., Yukio, Y. (1972). US Patent No. 3,678,107. Washington, DC: US Patent and Trademark Office.

Retrieved on 15.09.13 Sing, M.M., Pike, R.M., and Szafran, Z., Microscale & Selected

Macroscale Experiments for General & Advanced General Chemistry: An Innovative Approach . 1st ed., John wiley & Sons , USA , 1995 . Woollins , J.D., Inorganic

Experiments . VCH, Tokyo, 1994.