Apes In A Box INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT a holistic approach to pest management involving biological control, cultivation techniques and

d minimal use of synthetic pesticides to reuce pest populations to an economically tolerable level. PHILOSOPH O! IP" # pest and crop are considered as part of an ecological system. $O%L is to reduce the pest pop to an economically acceptable level, not &hip them out IPM STRATEGIES 'rop rotation to disrupt pest pop creation of habitat for predators of pest population using pest resistant crop varieties intercropping ma(es spea( of pests more difficult altering planting times to disrupt pest life cycle )sing physical pest control methods such as using vacuums to remove pests, or spraying plats &ith hot &ater to destroy larvae *arro& spectrum pesticides are used only &hen the potential crop loss is greater than the cost of spraying the pesticides ADANTAGES OF IPM reduction of environmental and health problems associated &ith synthetic pesticide use requires a great deal of edu for farmers and lando&ners can be costly and not as immediately effective as synthetic pesticides pest pop is usually not completely irradiated DISADVANTAGES OF IPM successful IP" requires farmers to be &ell edu on local pests and ecological systems on their farms IP" solution vary from farm to farm Initial cost of IP" programs may be higher than conventional pesticide spraying Biological Pest Control BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL intentional introduction of predator species to control a pest species microorganisms, plants, and animals have all been used in certain circumstances to help control populations can also refer to use of chemicals that are directly derived from living organisms ADVANTAGES OF BPM control of pest pop &+out neg environmental impacts associated &+ pesticide use potential for use &+ organic agriculture DISADVANTAGE OF BPM potential for non#target species to be impacted by introduced species disruption of native food chains by introduced species un&anted proliferation of introduced species complete eradication of pest pop is usually not possible can be costly to implement and control EPIC FAIL RES OF BPM 'ane toads in australia lady bugs have been used to successfully control aphids in some parts of us &hile negatively impacting native species in other

 several intances &orld&ideof the introduction of cats to control rodent pop have often led to an overpop of cats &hich have destroyed native bird pop. BPM S CESS STORIES use of parasitic nematodes to control many la&n and garden pests use of flea beetles to control leafy spurge in *orth ,a(ota )sing bats to control mosquitos use of insects pheromones to attract pests to a trap sterili-ation and release of male members of pest species Mic!ael Pollan "onoculture are comple. b+c farmers need to buy a lot of things pests love monoculture / vulnerable to disease, e.haust soil monocultures are ma(ing bees life very difficult ma(ing them vulnerable to disease colony collapse / signs that our food system is unsustainable Mic!ael Pollan T"in#ie $s% Carrot gov. helps 0&in(ies ma(ers and doesn1t help carrot gro&ers Mic!ael Pollan Foo& C!ain food chain / term for ecology / all food is essentially solar energy collected by plants through photosynthesis many different food chains food chains at either end is the biological system no mater ho& industriali-ed going from biology to industry to biology is bad food is not 2ust a collection of chemicals