Course Material 2011 Chapter 3

Cloud Computing
An Introduction
Ravindra Dastikop ravindra.dastikop@gmail.com Cloud Complete

Agenda
Basics Cloud computing meaning, various definitions and perspectives, examples Evolution of Cloud computing Essential features and properties of cloud computing Service and deployment models Service models- what to expect from cloud vendors ? Deployment models how to use cloud for business ?

What is Cloud Computing?

Different Views

Cloud Computing: Simplified

Cloud computing is a model of delivering computing resources from the Internet to the user.

Cloud service - An example

when you get connected to service like Gmail, Hotmail etc you are really connecting to a massive pools of servers somewhere out there on the internet

Computing Resources available as cloud service

Software- Applications, OS, service Hardware ( processors, servers, memory, cards) information - encyclopedia, search engine User computer connected to the net mobile user Connected TV

Paradigm
Direct to U From the net as against on premise ( DTH) Direct to user TV channel subscription Use without owning- Ramco OnDemand Cloud Rental basis- Google for Enterprises Procure as u grow (Gmail start with 7GB and ask for more ) From NIL to FULL

Direct Home

Cloud Computing Vs Traditional Computing

Computing before cloud

YOUR BUSINESS

YOUR DATA
CONTROL APPLICATION DOCUMENT

Computer: own Software: Installed data: stored on u r machine

Cloud Computing Services

YOUR BUSINESS PROCESSING

YOUR DATA
CONTROL

Office 365
The Internet

SPREAD SHEETS
GOOGLE DOCS

STORAGE

GOOGLE DOCS

YOUR DATA ?

HOSTED SERVICES

Application: accessed from the web (Word Processor) Document : Stored on the web

Cloud from User Perspective

User perspective

Why is it called Cloud Computing

Why is it called Cloud Computing ?

Example
Because in network diagrams, the Internet is depicted as a cloud.......

Source: http://howtogeek.com

 The name cloud computing was inspired by the cloud symbol thats often used to represent the Internet in flow charts and diagrams. Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted service over the Internet.

Origin
Comes from the early days of the Internet where we drew the network as a cloud we didnt care where the messages went the cloud hid it from us Kevin Marks, Google First cloud around networking (TCP/IP abstraction) Second cloud around documents (WWW data abstraction) The emerging cloud abstracts infrastructure complexities of servers, applications, data, and heterogeneous platforms

Cloud: origin : Telephone Networks

Cloud symbol to represent networks

Why is it called cloud ?

Cloud Computing
Definitions

Wikipedia
Cloud computing is Internet-based computing whereby shared resources, software and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand, like electricity grid. Cloud computing is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet

Virtualization
Virtualization is abstracting the hardware to run virtual instances of multiple guest operating systems on a single host operating system.

Wikipedia- explanation
Cloud Computing is a computing paradigm shift where computing is moved away from personal computers or an individual application server to a cloud of computers. Users of the Cloud only need to be concerned with the computing service being asked for, as the underlying details of how it is achieved are hidden.

Wikipedia- explanation This method of distributed computing is done through pooling all computer resources together and being managed by software rather than a human Cloud computing is a model of computing wherein an end user sources all computing resources directly from the internet without

Virtualization - Forms

Virtualization

Definition from NIST

Cloud computing is model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool configurable computing resources ( e.g. networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management or

Berkley
Cloud computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the Internet and the hardware and system software in the data centers that provide those services The services themselves have long been referred to as Software as a Service ( SaaS), so we use the term. The data center hardware and software is what we will call a cloud When a cloud is made available in a pay-as-you use-go to the public- the service being sold as Utility computing

Buyya
A cloud is a type of parallel and distributed systems consisting of a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resource based on servicelevel agreements established through negotiations between the service provider and consumer.

Gartner
Gartner defines cloud computing as " a style of computing where massively scalable IT-enabled capabilities are delivered as a service to external customers using Internet technologies. Cloud Computing is simply a platform where individuals and companies use the Internet to access endless hardware, software and data resources for most of their computing needs, leaving the mess to

Laymans definition
Cloud computing may be defined as computing paradigm that supplies computing as "utility". The utilities can be purchased in quantities of choice, in location of user preferences. This may be on pay per use or pay per time.

why so many definitions ?

Summary of Cloud computing Definitions

Cloud computing is a paradigm of computing, a new way of thinking about IT and ITeS industry Central concepts Utility computing SOA- service oriented architecture SLA- service level agreement Properties and characteristics High scalability and elasticity High availability and reliability High manageability and interoperability High accessibility and portability High performance and optimization Enabling techniques Hardware virtualization Paralleled and distributed computing Web services

Stop One
Any questions?

Evolution of Cloud Computing

where did we start and how did we arrive here?

Evolution Mainframe
First phase -

Evolution Personal Computing

Second phase

Stages in Computing Client-server computing

Third phase -

Stages in Computing Client serverweb application

Fourth phase -

Stages in Computing Grid Computing

Fifth phase -

Computers come under different administrative domains Grid

Stages in Computing Cloud Computing

Sixth phase -

Stop Two

The Anatomy of Cloud Computing

characteristics, models

The Anatomy of Cloud Computing The cloud model promotes availability and composed of Five essential characteristics Three service models and Four deployment models.

The Properties of Cloud

On-demand self-service Broad network access, definition, meaning Resource pooling, explanation example Rapid elasticity, meaning Measured Service

Cloud Computing: features

On-demand service-

you can get what u need and when u need

Broad network access-

Cloud computing brings network-based access to, management of , software and services meaning access anywhere and anytime
Resource pooling

A large pool of users shares location-independent resources and costs in an environmentally sustainable manner
Flexible resource allocation

Cloud computing service can scale up and down rapidly as demands fluctuate
Measured service

Most cloud usage is metered often per user/hour. U pay for what u consume

Computing Models

Deployment Models
Ways in which Cloud be used

Public cloud
A public cloud is cloud implementation shared by the general public with a wide range of services available. It is owned and managed by an enterprise that sells/offers freely cloud services on pay-per-use example 1 example 2

Private cloud
A private cloud implementation restricts access to internal users such as employees. It stays within a firewall

Hybrid cloud
A hybrid cloud is an approach that uses a public cloud for some services such as class room applications- lesson plan But uses a private cloud other uses such as storage of sensitive data examination data that must be accessed by few concerned or compliance data

Hybrid Cloud

Cloud Computing- MODES- another example

Private cloud Public Cloud Hybrid cloud

Government Cloud
Indian Government Approach to Cloud Computing

Four deployment Models

Clouds can take the following avatars Four deployment models Private cloud, Community cloud, Public cloud, Hybrid cloud

Types by visibility:
Google

Stop Three
send u r questions

The Three Service Models

The three service models

Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS), Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS), Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Service Models- An Analogy

Suppose u have moved to new town and want to find a accommodation for yourself? What are u options ?

What is u r choice ?

Build a new House ? Buy an empty house ? Live in a hotel

Build a New house ( IaaS)

Difficult, time consuming

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Vendor provides VM, Storage and Computations Target: Developers and ISV Examples Amazon Smugmug- a paid digital photo sharing service

Infrastructure as a Service
Infrastructure as a service ( IaaS)

The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other basic computing resources. User can deploy and run arbitary software that could include OS and applications The consumer does not manage or control underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and certain limited control over select networking components
Examples Tata Communication Red hat Amazon Eucalyptus
http://dastikop.blogspot.com

Renting/buy a House (PaaS)

Rent or buy a house

Furnishing is u r freedom

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Vendor provides higher level API hides machines, storage etc Target: Developers and SME Vendors: Force.com, Google AppEngine

Stay in a Hotel (SaaS)

Software as a Service ( SaaS)

Business software delivered through cloud
Target: SME & Enterprise
Vendors: Google, Microsoft, Salesforce MS word, Docs, spreadsheets, CRM

Cloud computing service models

Picture source

Service models overview

What if u want to have an IT department Similar to build a new house in our analogy U can rent some virtualized infrastructure and build up u r own IT system using these resources, which is under your full control Technically speaking u r using Infrastructure as a service( IaaS) solution Similar to buy an empty house in our analogy U can directly develop u r IT system through one cloud platform and do not worry about lower level resource management Technically speaking, u r using Platform as a service ( PaaS) Solution Similar to live in a hotel in our analogy U can use directly use some existing IT system solution, which are provided by some cloud application service providers, without knowing any technical details about how http://dastikop.blogspot.com these services are operated Technically speaking , u r using software as a service (

End of Cloud Computing Fundamentals

Enabling Technologies
Cloud computing is made possible and powered by the following technologies. Key enabling technologies include: Fast wide-area networks, powerful, inexpensive server computers, high-performance virtualization for commodity hardware Multi-tenancy .

Cloud Computing
Operational concepts

Central ideas
User perspectives
User don't care about how the works are done Instead, they only concern about what they can get User does not care about what the provider actually did Instead, they only concerned about their quality of service Users do not want to own the physical infrastructure Instead they only want to pay for what they use

What does user really care?

Utility computing
One service provision modeling Service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure management available to the customer as needed, and charges them for specific usage rather than a flat rate (tata)red hat Like other types of on-demand computing, the utility model seeks to maximize the efficient use of resources and / or minimize associated costs

Service/ SOA
The fundamental concept of Cloud Model

What is a service ?
Service is what you connect together using web services Service is the end point of a connection Functionalities of service
A service should be well-defined ( input, output) A service should be self-contained A service should not depend on the context or state of other services Add picture of service

What is a web service ?

Definition
Web service is a self-describing and stateless modules that perform discrete units of work and are available over the network Web service providers offer APIs that enable developers to exploit functionality over the Internet, rather than delivering full-blown applications

WSDL
Expressed in XML which include both data type and message Four types of operations
One way- messages sent without a reply required Request and response sending and receiving message Solicit response a request for a response Notification : message sent to multiple receivers

A web service

Web Service

source: http://jan.newmarch.name/webservices/thailand. html

Service oriented architecture (SOA)

Definition:
Service oriented architecture (SOA) is essentially a collection of services which communicate with each other Contain a flexible set of design principles used during the phases of systems development and integration Provide a loosely-integrated suite that can be used within multiple business domains

Approach:
Usually implemented by web service model

Service Oriented architecture

source: alignedstrategy.com

SOA

SOA

Source: enterprise web

Quality of service
Original definition
Quality of service ( QoS) is a set of technologies for managing network traffic in a cost effective manner to enhance user experience for home and enterprise environments

Now Qos has becomes to a broad term that is used following areas.
Customer care evaluations Technological evaluations

Quality of service
Customer care evaluations
OoS is usually measured in terms of issues that have a direct impact of the customers Only issues that produce a negative effect on the goods and services received by the customer come under scrutiny

Technological evaluations
QoS has to do with the efficient operation of various systems This can lead to adjusting procedures or adapting software programs and code to achieve the desired effect with making a more efficient use of available

QoS

Source: http://www.bgp-qos. org/forum/styles/prosilver/imageset/bgp-

Service Level Agreements

Definition:
A service-level agreement (SLA) is a contract between a network service provider and a customer that species, usually in measurable terms ( QoS), what services the network service provider will furnish

Common content in contract

Performance guarantee metrics Up-time and down-time ratio System throughput Response time Problem management details Penalties for non-performance Document security capabilities Example SLA Google example

SLA

cloudave.com

cloudave.com

Stop Two
Any Questions

Revision
Different views of cloud computing wikipedia, Berkely etc Concepts service, web services, SLA, QoSVirtualization Properties of Cloud Service Models IaaS, PaaS and SaaS Deployment models private,public community, hybrid

Class No 02
19.02.2011

Scalability and Elasticity

World without limitations

Scalability & Elasticity

What is scalability?
A desirable property of a system, a network, or a process, which indicates its ability to either handle growing amount of work in a graceful manner or to be readily enlarged

What is elasticity?
The ability to apply a quantifiable methodology that allows for the basis of an adaptive introspection with in a real time infrastructure

But how to achieve these properties ?

Dynamic provisioning Multi-tenant design

Dynamic provisioning
is a simplified way to explain a complex networked server computing environment where server computing instances are provisioned or deployed from any administrative console or client application by the server administrator ; or by any other enabled user.

Dynamic provisioning (console)

Dynamic Business demands

Dynamic Provisioning

hds.com

Dynamic provisioning
The traditional computing model suffers from twin problems of underestimates/overestimates
Underestimate the system requirement/utilization which results in under provision. This may lead to loss of users and loss of revenues

The challenge of underestimate

Dynamic Provisioning

Dynamic provisioning
The traditional computing model suffers from twin problems of underestimates/overestimates
Overestimate system requirements/utilization results in low or sub-optimal utilization. This leads to unused or wasted resources

The problem of Overestimate

Under-utilization waste of resources

Dynamic provisioning
Dynamic Provision is the solution: Cloud computing provides dynamic provisioning in which cloud computing resources are provisioned dynamically
Meet seasonal demand variations Meet demand variation between different industries ( ice cream/refrigerators) Meet burst demand for some extraordinary events ( thehalka/wikileaks/ticketing systems / animato.com

Multi-tenant
Multi-tenant refers to a principle in software architecture where a single instance of software runs on a server; serving multiple client organization With a multi-tenant architecture, a software application is designed to virtually partition its data and configuration thus each client organization works with customized virtual application instance example: Cloud applications Gmail

multi-tenant

Multi-tenancy

Availability and Reliability

Availability is the degree to which a system, subsystem, or equipment is in a specified operable and committable state at the start of the mission, when a mission is called for at an unknown time

examples
Cloud systems usually require high availability i.e. 24/7 and 365 days. 99.999 uptime, can be down for 5 minutes in an entire year The reliability is the ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specified period of time Availability and Reliability are achieved by means of

Fault-tolerant systems Require system resilience Reliable system security

availability

Reliability

Fault-tolerance
Fault-tolerance is the property of the system that enable system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of some of its components If its operating quality decreases at all , the decrease is proportional to the severity of the failure , as compared to naively-designed system in which even a small failure can cause total breakdown Characteristics of Fault tolerant systems
No single point of failure Fault detection and isolation to the failing component Fault containment to prevent propagation of the failure Availability of reversion modes

Fault tolerant
Single point of Failure ( SPOF) A part of a system which, if it fails will stop the entire system from working The assessment of a potentially single location of failure identifies the critical component of a complex system that would provoke a total system failure in case of malfunction Prevention of SPOF If system experiences a failure, it must continue to operate without interruption during the repair process

Fault-tolerant

Fault tolerant
Fault detection and isolation ( FDI) to the failing component

A subfield of control engineering which concerns itself with monitoring a system, identifying when a fault has occurred and pinpoint the type of fault and its location Isolate failing component When a failure occurs, the system must be able to isolate the failure to the offending component

Fault tolerance
Fault containment to prevent propagation of the failure Some failure mechanism can cause a system to fail by propagating the failure to the rest of the system Mechanism that isolate a rogue transmitter or failing component to protect the system are required Availability of reversion modes System should be able to maintain some check points which can be used in

System Resilience
Resilience is the ability of the system to provide and maintain an acceptable level of service in the face of faults and challenges to normal operations Resiliency pertains to the systems ability to return to its original state after encountering trouble. In other words, if a risk event knocks a system offline, a highly resilient system will return back to work and function as planned as soon as possible Some risk events
If power is lost at a plant for two days, can our system recover ? If a key service is lost because a database becomes corrupt, can the business recover ?

Resilience

System Resilience
Disaster Recovery
Disaster recovery is the process, policies and procedures related to preparing for recovery or continuation of technology infrastructure critical to an organization after a natural or human-induced disaster

Some common strategies

Backup

Make data off-site at regular interval Replicate data to an off-site location Replicate whole system
Preparing

Local mirror systems Surge protector UPS

System security

System Security
Security issue in cloud computing
Cloud security is an evolving sub-domain of computer security, network security and , more broadly, information security It refers to a broad set of policies, technologies, and controls deployed to protect data, applications, and the associated infrastructure of cloud computing

System Security
Important security and privacy issues: Data protection
To be considered protected, data from one customer must be properly segregated from that of the other
Identity management

Every enterprise will have its own identity management system to control access to information and computing resources

Application security
Cloud providers should ensure that applications available as a service via the cloud are secure

Privacy
Providers ensure that all critical data are masked and that only authorized users have access to data in its entirely

Manageability & Interoperability

I want full control

Manageability and interoperability

What is manageability ? Enterprise-wide administration of cloud computing systems. Systems manageability is strongly affected by network management initiatives in telecommunications What is interoperability?
Interoperability is a property of a product or system, whose interfaces are completely understood, to work with other products or systems, present or future , without any restricted access or implementations

But how to achieve above two ?

System control automation System state monitoring

Control automation
Four functional areas: Self-configuration
Automatic configuration of components

Self-healing
Automatic discovery, and correction of faults

Self-optimization
Automatic monitoring and control of resources to ensure the optimal functioning with respect to defined requirements

Self-protection
Proactive identification and protection from arbitrary attacks

Control automation
What is autonomic computing ?
Its ultimate aim is to develop computer system capable of self-management, to overcome the rapidly growing complexity of computing systems management, and to reduce the barrier that complexity poses to further growth

Architectural framework
Composed of autonomic components (AC) which will interact with each other An AC can be modeled in terms of two main control loops ( local and global) with sensors ( for selfmonitoring), effectors ( for self-adjustment) , knowledge and planer/adapter for exploiting policies based on self-and environmental awareness

System Monitoring
What is system monitor?
A system monitor in system engineering is a process within a distributed system for collecting and storing state data

What should be monitored in the Cloud?

Physical and virtual hardware state Resource performance metrics Network access patterns System logs

Anything more ?

Monitoring Systems

Billing system
Billing System in Cloud
User pay for as many as they used (Tata) Cloud provider must first determine the list of service usage price Cloud provider have to record the resource or service usage of each user, and then charge user by these records

How can cloud provider know users usage?

Get those information by means of monitoring systems Automatically calculate the total amount of money to be paid by the user. And automatically request money from user;s bank account

Billing Systems

Performance & Optimization

High performance Improvement

Performance & Optimization

Performance guarantees ??
As the great computing power in cloud, application performance should be guaranteed Cloud provider make use of powerful infrastructure or other underlining resources to build up a highly performed and highly optimized environment, and then deliver the complete services to cloud users

But how to achieve this property?

Parallel computing Load balancing Job scheduling

Parallel Processing
Parallel processing
Parallel processing is a form of computation in which many calculations are carried out simultaneously on the principle that large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which are then solved currently

Parallelism in different levels

Bit level parallelism Instruction level parallelism Data level parallelism Task level parallelism

Parallel Processing
Hardware approaches
Multi-core computer Symmetric multi-processor General purpose graphic processing unit Vector processor Distributed computing
Cluster computing Grid computing

Software approaches
Parallel programming language Automatic parallelism

Job scheduling
What is a job scheduler?
A job scheduler is a software application that is in charge of unattended background executions, commonly known for historical reasons as batch processing ( daemon)

What should be scheduled in cloud?

Computation intensive tasks Dynamically growing and shrinking tasks Tasks with complex processing dependency

How to approach this ?

Use pre-defined workflow System automatic configuration

Load balancing
What is load balancing?
Process Load balancing is a technique to distribute workload evenly across two or more computers, networks links, CPUs, hard drives, or other resources, Objectives: in order to get optimal resource utilization, maximize throughput, minimize response time, and avoid overload

Why should be load balanced?

Improve resource utilization Improve system performance Improve energy efficiency

Challenge of Load Balancing

Accessibility & Portability

Anyone, Anytime,Anywhere

Accessibility & Portability

What is accessibility ( google accessible )
Accessibility is a general term used to describe the degree to which a product, service, or environment is accessible by as many people as possible

What is service portability?

Service portability is the ability to access services using any device, anywhere, continuously with mobility support and dynamic adaptation to resource variations

But how achieve these objectives?

Uniform access Thin client

Device portability example

Uniform Access
How do users access cloud services?
cloud providers should provide their cloud service by means of widespread accessing media. In other words, users from different operating systems or other accessing platforms should be able to directly be served Nowadays , web browser technique is one of the most widespread platform in almost any intelligent electronic devices. Cloud-services take this into consideration, and delivery their services with web-based interface through the Internet

Thin Client
What is thin client?
Thin client is a computer or a computer program which depends heavily on some other computer to fulfill its traditional computational roles. This stands in contrast to the traditional fat client, a computer designed to take on these roles by itself

Characteristics
Cheap client hardware

While the cloud providers handle several clients sessions at once , the clients can be made out of much cheaper hardware

Thin Clients

Thin Clients
Diversity of end devices End user can access cloud service via plenty of various electronic devices which include mobile phones and smart phones Client simplicity Client local systems do not need complete operational functionalities

Questions?
send u r questions

Ravindra Dastikop
http://dastikop.blogspot.com

Cloud Research
Kamesh Pemmaraju heads cloud research at Sand Hill Group and he helps companiesenterprises and technology vendorsaccelerate their transition to the cloud. His blog has been recognized in the top 50 bloggers on cloud computing and also in CloudTP's best cloud computing blogs list. He welcomes your comments, opinions, and questions. Drop in a line to kamesh@sandhill.com. For updates on news, views, interviews, webcasts, events, and blog posts, follow me on twitter @kpemmaraju.

Cloud Computing: features

On-demand service-

you can get what u need and when u need

Broad network access-

Cloud computing brings network-based access to, management of , software and services meaning access anywhere and anytime
Resource pooling

A large pool of users shares location-independent resources and costs in an environmentally sustainable manner
Flexible resource allocation

Cloud computing service can scale up and down rapidly as demands fluctuate
Measured service

Most cloud usage is metered often per user/hour. U pay for what u consume

Using Clouds
Cloud Service Models

Service Models- An Analogy

Suppose u have moved to new town and want to find a accommodation for yourself? What are u options ?

What is u r choice ?

Build a new House ? Buy an empty house ? Live in a hotel

Build a New house ( IaaS)

Difficult, time consuming

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Vendor provides VM, Storage and Computations Target: Developers and ISV Examples Amazon Smugmug- a paid digital photo sharing service

Renting/buy a House (PaaS)

Rent or buy a house

Furnishing is u r freedom

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Vendor provides higher level API hides machines, storage etc Target: Developers and SME Vendors: Force.com, Google AppEngine

Software as a Service ( SaaS)

Business software delivered through cloud
Target: SME & Enterprise
Vendors: Google, Microsoft, Salesforce MS word, Docs, spreadsheets, CRM

Service models overview

What if u want to have an IT department Similar to build a new house in our analogy U can rent some virtualized infrastructure and build up u r own IT system using these resources, which is under your full control Technically speaking u r using Infrastructure as a service( IaaS) solution Similar to buy an empty house in our analogy U can directly develop u r IT system through one cloud platform and do not worry about lower level resource management Technically speaking, u r using Platform as a service ( PaaS) Solution Similar to live in a hotel in our analogy U can use directly use some existing IT system solution, which are provided by some cloud application service providers, without knowing any technical details about how http://dastikop.blogspot.com these services are operated Technically speaking , u r using software as a service (

Cloud computing service models

Picture source

Cloud Computing Service models

Source:

Concept of cloud computing

A concept is an instrument and a history, that is a bundle of possibilities and obstacles involved in the world as experienced quote G S Granger
Instrument - Using net as the source of computing resources and delivering them directly to the user Bundle of possibilities
SAAS, IAAS

History Grid Computing, Distributed computing Obstacles - security, connectivity

Questions?
send u r questions

Conceptual Foundations
Cloud computing concept has been derived from the Utility computing model. The Best example Utility computing ( Packaged, metered) model would be the electricity supply system and another concept which it depends on is the Grid computing model. Cloud computing has been mainly derived from the Mainframes concept. The main feature of cloud computing is the scalability and how it incorporates a part of virtualization.

Concept- Business
Utility Computing- packaged, metered Produce in large supply in retail
Water Electricity

Whole buy- retail sale Build large and massive capacity and service is in and through individual units/users per MB

Issues and Concerns

Cloud computing challenges

Obstacles

Cloud security
Security issues fall into two broad categories: Security issues faced by cloud providers security issues faced by their customers. References 1 Cloud security alliance

Security challenges
Top Challenges faced by Cloud computing vendors Physical security, network security, application security Simple Theory: Do not Trust any input from the user XSS- ( Cross site scripting), Authenticated URL's User Switching , SQL Injection

Challenges in Cloud Computing

Number 1. Business Continuity and Service Availability Number 2. Data Lock-In Number 3. Data Confidentiality/Auditability Number 4. Data Transfer Bottlenecks Number 5. Performance Unpredictability Number 6: Scalable Storage Number 7: Bugs in Large-Scale Distributed Systems Number 8: Scaling Quickly Number 9: Reputation Fate Sharing Number 10: Software Licensing Source:

End

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Vendor provides VM, Storage and Computations Target: Developers and ISV Examples Amazon Smugmug- a paid digital photo sharing service

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Vendor provides higher level API hides machines, storage etc Target: Developers and SME Vendors: Force.com, Google AppEngine

Software as a Service ( SaaS)

Business software delivered through cloud
Target: SME & Enterprise
Vendors: Google, Microsoft, Salesforce MS word, Docs, spreadsheets, CRM

Conclusion
Cloud represents a new found landmigrate as early as possible Cloud computing represents a new Trendembrace it
It better to go with trend than to fight it More people learn on web