STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF WIND TURBINE BLADE OF PROFILE NACA 2418

PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

N.B.JAYARAMAN G.VENKATESH PERUMAL P.M.VENKATESWARAN B.VIGNESH

105910144047 105910144149 105910144150 105910144151

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PSNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOY, DINDIGUL: 624 622

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI- 600 025

i

APRIL 2014

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF WIND TURBINE BLADE OF PROFILE NACA 2418 is the bonafide work of N.B.JAYARAMAN G.VENKATESH PERUMAL P.M.VENKATESWARAN B.VIGNESH 105910144047 105910144149 105910144150 105910144151

who carried out the project work under my supervision during the academic year 2013-2014

SIGNATURE

SIGNATURE

Dr.D.Vasudevan M.E., Ph.D.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Mr.G.Magudeeswaran,M.E.,Ph.D., Assistant professor

INTERNAL GUIDE

Mechanical engineering, PSNA College of Engg.,&Tech Dindigul-624 622

Mechanical Engineering, PSNA College of Engg.,&Tech Dindigul-624 622

Submitted for the Viva-Voice examination held on __________.

INTERNAL EXAMINER

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ii

DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the project work entitled STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF WIND TURBINE BLADE OF PROFILE NACA 2418 is submitted to department of mechanical engineering at PSNA College of Engineering & Technology (Affiliated to ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI) for awarding the degree of Bachelor of Engineering is a reward of original work done by us under the guidance of Dr.G.MAGUDEESWARAN, M.E., Ph.D, PROFESSOR, Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Place: Signature Date : of Students

N.B.JAYARAMAN

G.VENKATESH PERUMAL

P.M.VENKATESWARAN

B.VIGNESH

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to covey my heartful thanks to the management of PSNA college of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, who has given me an opportunity to undergo my under graduation degree through providing excellent infrastructure facilities. I greatly express my deep sense of gratitude and respect to our beloved principal Dr. S. SAKTHIVEL M.E., B.E., M.Sc. (Eng.), M.B.A., Ph.D., PSNA college of Engineering and technology, Dindigul for providing me with all the facilities in making the work successful. My sincere an humble thanks to the Head Of the Department, Dr. D. VASUDEVAN M.E., Ph.D., Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSNA college of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul for his constant help and guidance in developing this project. I am very proud to extend my sincere thanks and gratitude to our efficient faculty guide Dr. G. MAGUDEESWARAN M.E., Ph.D., Professor, Department of

Mechanical Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul for his excellent guidance. Advice and encouragement which boosted up our energy throughout the project Development. I express my thanks to all the staff members for their whole hearted involvement in enhancing my theme to a successful project.

iv

ABSTRACT
The need for usage of renewable resources is growing since fossil fuels had already been depleted and they will last only for few years to come. Wind energy is one form of renewable energy and it can be harnessed by means of wind turbines. They are of the greater concern for the natural energy resources and the three bladed rotors is the most important and the widely used commercial wind turbine in India. It is the rotor that transforms the energy of the wind into mechanical energy that in turn operates the main shaft of the wind turbine. Thus the aerodynamic performance each wind turbine varies with respect to the profile of the blade. Thus each blade profile has insight view on the power production of wind turbines at design stage prior to any experimental prototype. The Present work involves the structural analysis of a wind turbine (HAWT) blade of profile NACA 2418. The computational analysis was carried out using, SolidWorks, used to create the 3D model ANSA, used for pre-processing (Meshing) ANSYS, used for processing (Solving and Post processing)

Table of Contents

S. No.

Title

Page No. 1 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 9 10 10 10

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Wind Turbine 1.2 Types of Wind Turbine 1.2.1 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) 1.2.2 Classifications of HAWT 1.3 Studies on performance Predictions 1.4 Torque and Thrust Exerted on a HAWT Blade 1.5 Airfoils 1.6 Basic Definitions 1.6.1 Tip Speed Ratio ( ) 1.6.2 Power Co-efficient (Cp) 1.6.2 Normal Force Co-efficient (Cn) 1.7 Analysis of Blade

LITERATURE REVIEW

11

BLADE ELEMENT MOMENTUM THEORY

vi

12

3.1 Blade Element Theory 3.2 Airfoils for Wind Turbines 3.3 NACA Airfoil Series 3.3.1 NACA 4-Digit Series 3.4 CAD Modeling 3.4.1 About SolidWorks 3.5 Pre-Processing 3.6 Solver 3.6.1 About ANSYS

12 14 15 16 18 19 25 28 28

RESULTS and DISCUSSIONS 4.1 General 4.2 Results of Static Analysis 4.2.1 Displacement Response of Blade 4.2.2 Stress and Strain Response of Blade 4.2.3 Dynamic (Modal) Analysis 4.3 Discussions

30 30 30 31 37 46 51

SUMMARY

53
vii

REFERENCES

54

List of Figures
S. No Title Page No.
viii

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

Wind Energy Status of World Scenario Wind Power Density map from the Indian Wind Atlas(2010) Different Types of Wind Turbine Representative Size. Height and Diameter of HAWT Sub Systems of HAWT Torque and Thrust Exerted on the Blade Section

1 3 5 6 7 8

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10

Schematic of Blade Elements Blade Geometry for Analysis of HAWT NACA Airfoil Geometrical Construction Blade Body Blade to Hub Connector Spar Total Blade Meshed Model View-1 Meshed Model View-2 Meshed Model View-3

13 14 16 23 23 24 24 27 27 28

ix

List of Tables
S. No. 1.1 1.2 Scale Classifications of Wind Turbine Design Parameters Title Page No. 6 9

3.1 3.2 3.3

Co-ordinates for Initial Airfoil Co-ordinates for Final Airfoil Types of Solvers

20 21 29