http://www.mscsoftware.com/training_videos/patran/Reverb_help/index.html#page/Marc/marc05_example s.6.06.

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Exercise 13 - Thermal-Mechanical Analysis In this exercise, you will subject the cantilever beam to thermal loading as you did in the previous example except the ends of the beam will be fixed and the coupled thermal-structural interaction will be analyzed simultaneously. The beam will have a temperature range between 50 and 100 degrees at opposing ends. The initial temperature of all nodes is zero.

Step 1: Do Exercise 1 - Build a Cantilever Beam

Step 2: Open a New Database

. Step 3: Import the Old Database

Step 4: Post Only the Beam.

Step 5: Fix the Right End of the Beam.

Step 6: Create the Thermal Properties.

Step 7: Apply Temperature Loads

Step 8: Apply Initial Conditions

Step 9: Set Up Model for Analysis

Step 10: Monitor the Analysis.

Step 11: Read the Results.

Step 12: Plot the Stress Distribution.

Step 13: Closing/Quitting Patran.

Exercise 9 - Natural Frequency Analysis In this Analysis you will extract the first three modes of a simply supported - fixed beam. You will compare these results to theoretical conditions. Next, you will apply an axial load to the end of the beam. This is analogous to stretching a guitar string. The result is the amount the frequency should increase. You will then compare the results of the preloaded and unloaded structure. This entire procedure will be done in a single analysis using three analysis Load Steps. Step 1: Do Exercise 1 - Build a Cantilever Beam

Step 2: Open a New Database

Step 3: Import the Old Database

Step 4: Post Only the Beam

Step 5: Apply a Simple Support at the Right End

Step 6: Create Two New Load Cases

Step 7: Add a Tip Tension Load

Step 8: Create the Analysis Load Steps

Step 9: Submit the Analysis

Step 10: Monitor the Analysis

Step 11: Read the Results

Step 12: Plot the Mode Shapes

The following plot should appear:

The Theoretical Comparison The frequency for a fixed - simply supported beam is given by the following equations:

(Reference Formulas For Natural Frequency and Mode Shape, Blevins, 1984) L = 100 in

m = mass/unit length = dimensionless frequency parameter

The theoretical and finite element results are given in the table below. Note that the finite element accuracy decreases for the higher modes. The accuracy of the finite elements results depends on the number of degrees of freedom in the model. To achieve more accurate results, a finer mesh would be required for the higher modes. In general, we recommend that a model contain a minimum of 4 elements per half sine wave. Based on this criteria, our model would require a minimum of 12 elements to provide adequate results for the third mode. Theoretical Unloaded Structure f1 f2 28.526 Hz 92.445 Hz Unloaded Structure 30.08 Hz 104.54 Hz Preloaded Structure 35.09 Hz 110.44 Hz

f3 192.879 Hz 244.60 Hz 250.59 Hz As you can see in the table above, preloading the structure changes the results in much the same way as tightening a guitar causes a higher pitch. Step 13: Closing/Quitting Patran