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1.1
1.2
1.3
4
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5
()5
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()6
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1.4
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2.1
15
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()17
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2.2
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()45
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()C/N53
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2.3
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()harding85
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3.1
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()oxygenation90
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()canopy interception95
()96
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3.4
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4.1
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5.4
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()272
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281
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7.1
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()322
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8.1
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36cm345
()345
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8.6
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9.1
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9.3
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9-4
()419
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9.5
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()Jaccard Sj432
()Sorensen So432
()Motyka Smo432
()433
437
441
()441
()442
()443
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()447
()447
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10.1 451
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10.2 459
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4614
10.3 462
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10.4 468
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chapter
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Chapter 2
15
2.1
1969Whittaker
moneraprotistsfungiplantaeanimalia
subkingdom thallophytasubkingdom embryophyta
1.
2.
3.
4.
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16
5.
6.
7.
Flora of Taiwan
4200
4000200
life form
1934Raunkier's
life form2-1
()phanerophytes
megaphanerophytes
mesophanerophytesmicrophanerophytes
nanophanerophytes
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Chapter 2
17
2-1
123459
()chamaephytes
25cm
()hemicryptophytes
1. proto-hemicryptophytes
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4. rosette plants
radical
()cryptophytes
hydrophytes
submerged plantsemerged plants
floating plant
geophytes
1. rhizome geophytes
2. stem-tuber geophytes
3. root-tuber geophytes
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Chapter 2
19
4. corm geophytes
()therophytes
succulent-stemmed plantsepiphytes
growth form
()
1.
arboreus plants
2.
(1)trees
A. 12m
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B. 612m
C. 4 . 5 6 m
(2)shrubs
5m
2m
A. 2 4 . 5 m
B. 12m
C. 1 m
30cm
(3)lianas
(4)
deciduous trees
evergreen trees
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Chapter 2
21
3.
(1)
19937
A. P-type
B. H-type
C. P H - t y p e
D. R-type
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E. V H - t y p e
F. V-type
G. M-type
(2)
1/10
A. 15%1.0
B.
0.6
0.8
1.0
C.
1.0
1.5
1.5
2.0
1.5
0.750.5
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Chapter 2
23
3040cm
3m
()
1.
herbaceous plants
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
2.
(1)lawn
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(3)turf
(4)turf grass
(5)sod
(6)grassland
50%
3.
2-2
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Chapter 2
25
2-2
(1)
stolon
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runner
rhizome
fibrous roots
radicleadventitious roots
(2)
sheath node
()
1.
2.
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Chapter 2
27
growth form
2-3
2-4
(1)decumbent vine
(2)prostrate vine
(3)creeping vine
(4)twining vine
(5)climbing vine
A.
B.
C.
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2-3
3.
(1)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
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Chapter 2
29
2-4
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G.
H.
(2)
()
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Chapter 2
31
()
S
exponential phase
(1)
k 1 wdw
dt(1)
(2)
(3)
w 1 t 1 w 2 t 2 k 1
relative growth rate, RGR
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(4)
linear phase
(6)
AGRwRGR
AGR
senescence phase
Senescence phase
Linear phase
Exponential phase
Lag phase
2-5
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