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Distribution Transformer
225A
Triplen Trap
Non-Ferrous Conduit
Phase currents in a three phase system combine on the neutral conductor where the current can be as high as 1.73 times the phase current. If the phase currents are close to full load, the neutral conductor will be overloaded. This is especially true in older buildings where the neutral conductor was rated for the same ampacity as the phase conductors. Triplens are the third order rd th th st harmonics (3 , 9 , 15 , 21 ) generated by SMPS. Triplens flow between the neutral conductor and the distribution transformer in search of a low impedance return path. PDIs Neutral Current Reduction Module provides the triplen currents with a new return path through the Triplen Trap. Connected to the three phases and the neutral conductors in the building wiring, the Triplen Trap becomes the low impedance return path for the triplen currents in the neutral conductor. Designed for retrofits or upgrades to existing buildings, the Triplen Trap does not require removal of transformers or disconnection of power to the loads. Connected in parallel with the buildings electrical system, the Triplen Trap reduces neutral harmonic (see table, reverse side). currents by at least 67%
Distribution Panelboard
Load
TRIPLEN TRAP
WAVESTAR PDU
PDIQ 14 wAYS
J-COMM BCMS
WAVESTAR BCMS
WAVESTAR RPP
QwIKSwITCH
REDUNDANT POwER
LOW INRUSH TRANSFER UTILIZING THE PDI VOLT SECOND SYNCHRONIZATION (VSS) METHOD
Introduction
One of the limiting factors in applying static transfer switches (STS) in mission critical facilities has been the inability of the electrical infrastructures to withstand the transformer inrush when switching occurs on the primary (or 480 volt) side of the transformer. Inrush currents can reach as high as 10-12 times the transformer rating, causing breakers and molded case switches in the STS (or devices upstream) to trip, creating an outage in the facility. PDIs patented Volt Second Synchronization (VSS) transfer algorithm controls magnetic inrush current in transformer loads and limits it to 1.5 times the rated current. The transfer outage time and the waveform distortions during transfers have an effect on non-linear loads that are connected to the secondary side of the transformer. Short transfer outage times and waveform peak conservation algorithms are necessary for any STSs that feed non-linear loads. Typically, non-linear loads, servers, and other computers use Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) which generate non-linear load currents. The SMPS receives AC power from the transformer and generates DC power for the internal logic. SMPS only draw power from the peaks of the input power waveforms; RMS values are associated with linear loads and evaluations based on linear RMS loads will not provide accurate data for evaluation of SMPS applications. To conserve all voltage waveform peaks, the transformer outage time of each phase must be short enough to assure that no peaks are lost. Since SMPS generally use single phase power, each individual phase must maintain power at the waveform peaks. There are four methods of achieving low transformer saturation (inrush) currents when the transformer is connected to the load bus of an STS. These methods are as follows: Phase Delay Method (referred to as phase displacement method) Volt Second Balance Method Volt Second Wave Shaping Method (with RMS conservation) PDI Volt Second Synchronization (VSS) Method (with Peak conservation)
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CABLES
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BCMS HUB
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POWERCUBE TRANSFORMERS
tm
Optional Features
K1, K13 Rated Transformer 2, 3 or 4 Output Quad-Wye Harmonic Cancellation Transient Suppression Network Four (4), 2_% Lightning Arrestor Surge Suppressor
high efficiency
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TRIPLEN TRAP
Harmonics in todays office power systems burn contacts, melt insulation, corrupt digital signals with electrical noise and cause intermittent surges and interruptions that plague data center managers and facility engineers alike. The electrical systems of yesterdays office buildings were not designed to support todays ever growing electronic office. Most of the plug loads contain switch mode power supplies (SMPS) drawing nonsinusoidal current, which overload building wiring and cause premature transformer failure. PDIs Triplen Trap reduces the negative effects of non-sinusoidal current.
Distribution Transformer
225A
Triplen Trap
Non-Ferrous Conduit
Phase currents in a three phase system combine on the neutral conductor where the current can be as high as 1.73 times the phase current. If the phase currents are close to full load, the neutral conductor will be overloaded. This is especially true in older buildings where the neutral conductor was rated for the same ampacity as the phase conductors. Triplens are the third order rd th th st harmonics (3 , 9 , 15 , 21 ) generated by SMPS. Triplens flow between the neutral conductor and the distribution transformer in search of a low impedance return path. PDIs Neutral Current Reduction Module provides the triplen currents with a new return path through the Triplen Trap. Connected to the three phases and the neutral conductors in the building wiring, the Triplen Trap becomes the low impedance return path for the triplen currents in the neutral conductor. Designed for retrofits or upgrades to existing buildings, the Triplen Trap does not require removal of transformers or disconnection of power to the loads. Connected in parallel with the buildings electrical system, the Triplen Trap reduces neutral harmonic (see table, reverse side). currents by at least 67%
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Distribution Panelboard
Load
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Optional Features
Quad-Wye Harmonic Cancellation Transformer Branch Circuit Monitoring Input J Box Transient Suppression Network Transient Suppression Plate Lightning Arrestor Surge Suppressor Building Alarm Delay/Or Shutdown Overvoltage/Undervoltage Shutdown Phase Rotation Automatic Shutdown Ground Fault Interrupt Remote Emergency Power Off (REPO) Buttons Subfeed Circuit Breakers Branch Circuit Breakers Distribution Panelboards with Main Circuit Breakers Output Power Distribution Cables Floor Stands TP-1 Transformers WaveStar Monitor
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c l ic k s p ec ific a t ion s cl i c k br o c h ur e
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JCOMM BCMS
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BCMS
T ECHNICAL D ATA
Single BCMS Communication Module can monitor up to (2) 42 circuit panelboards Up to (10) BCMS Communication Modules can be networked or daisy chained for simplified installation Available in or 1 on center panelboard branch circuit designs; adaptable to most major brands Registered to UL1959, UL67, and NFPA 70 stds.
With todays high demand on electrical power reliability the need for load level monitoring is a must. PDIs Branch Circuit Monitoring System (BCMS) measures and reports the current of each individual panelboard circuit allowing for proactive management of every device in your facility. Communicating via Modbus; BCMS data can be custom configured within your Power Management System to report, record, or alarm important load information. Available as a factory installed option to many of PDIs vast line of distribution system. In kit form it can be retrofitted in to most existing PDI or customer supplied distribution systems .
BCMS Applications
Power Demand Cost Allocation; Billing Purposes for Colocation Facilities Departmental Cost Accounting Preventive Maintenance; Balancing of Loads to Prevent System Overload Individual Circuit Overload Protection
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REDUNDANT POWER
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CABLES
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March 10, 2004 Cables. doc PDI, 4200 Oakleys Court, Richmond, Virginia 23223
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WHITE PAPERS
SYNCHRONIZATION ALGORITHMS
LOW INRUSH TRANSFER UTILIZING THE PDI VOLT SECOND SYNCHRONIZATION (VSS) METHOD
Introduction
One of the limiting factors in applying static transfer switches (STS) in mission critical facilities has been the inability of the electrical infrastructures to withstand the transformer inrush when switching occurs on the primary (or 480 volt) side of the transformer. Inrush currents can reach as high as 10-12 times the transformer rating, causing breakers and molded case switches in the STS (or devices upstream) to trip, creating an outage in the facility. PDIs patented Volt Second Synchronization (VSS) transfer algorithm controls magnetic inrush current in transformer loads and limits it to 1.5 times the rated current. The transfer outage time and the waveform distortions during transfers have an effect on non-linear loads that are connected to the secondary side of the transformer. Short transfer outage times and waveform peak conservation algorithms are necessary for any STSs that feed non-linear loads. Typically, non-linear loads, servers, and other computers use Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) which generate non-linear load currents. The SMPS receives AC power from the transformer and generates DC power for the internal logic. SMPS only draw power from the peaks of the input power waveforms; RMS values are associated with linear loads and evaluations based on linear RMS loads will not provide accurate data for evaluation of SMPS applications. To conserve all voltage waveform peaks, the transformer outage time of each phase must be short enough to assure that no peaks are lost. Since SMPS generally use single phase power, each individual phase must maintain power at the waveform peaks. There are four methods of achieving low transformer saturation (inrush) currents when the transformer is connected to the load bus of an STS. These methods are as follows: Phase Delay Method (referred to as phase displacement method) Volt Second Balance Method Volt Second Wave Shaping Method (with RMS conservation) PDI Volt Second Synchronization (VSS) Method (with Peak conservation)
WAVESTAR STS
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FRANAISE
DEUTSCH
ESpAOL
ICON MODULAR DATA CENTER WAVESTAR bCMS FOR IEC PANELS wAVESTAR STATIC TRANSFER SwITCH
ENGLISH
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ICON MODULAR DATA CENTER WAVESTAR bCMS FOR IEC PANELS wAVESTAR STATIC TRANSFER SwITCH
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TRIPLEN TRAP
c li c k fo r: t y p i c a l o u t l i nes
Triplen Trap outline
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Triplen Trap oneline
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POWERPAK PDU
c li c k fo r: t y p i c a l o u t l i nes
30-150kVA Qty 2 panelboards 200-300kVA Qty 2 panelboards 30-150kVA Qty 1-8 100A-225A Subfeed Breakers 200-300kVA Qty 1-8 100A-225A Subfeed Breakers 30-150kVA Qty 4 panelboards ~ 1 Side Facing Sidecar 200-300kVA Qty 4 panelboards ~ 1 Side Facing Sidecar 30-150kVA Qty 4 panelboards ~ 1 Front & Side Facing Sidecar 200-300kVA Qty 4 panelboards ~ 1 Front & Side Facing Sidecar
a c c e ss o ry dra w i ng s
M4 WaveStar Monitor Contractor Interface Board 4 Wire J Box (480V) 5 Wire J Box (208V) Floorstands
o n e line dia g ra m s
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PP9000/2 One Line with Distribution PP9000/3 One Line with Distribution
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RPP
c li c k fo r: t y p i c a l o u t l i ne/c o nfig u ra t i o n
24 x 24 Free Standing 24 x 24 Free Standing with BCMS 24 x 38 Free Standing with BCMS Wall Mounted RPP Wall Mounted RPP with BCMS Wall Mounted Space Saver Mission Critical Remote Power Panel
a c c e ss o ry dra w i ng s
Floorstand
o n e line dia g ra m s
1-4 Inputs with 1-4 Panelboards 1 Input with 1-4 Panelboards Mission Critical RPP
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a c c e ss o ry dra w i ng
Floorstand
o n e line dia g ra m s
Static Transfer Switch
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REDUNDANT POWER
c li c k fo r:
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REDUNDANT POWER
c li c k fo r:
M a n u a l D u a l P r i m a r y PDU M DP S e r i e s
t y p i c a l o u t l i nes
30-150kVA Qty 2 Panelboards 200-300kVA Qty 2 Panelboards 30-150kVA Qty 4 Panelboards 200-300kVA Qty 4 Panelboards
a c c e ss o ry dra w i ng s
MD Mimic Panel Floorstand
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REDUNDANT POWER
c li c k fo r:
WaveStar S T S / PDU S S P S e r i e s
t y p i c a l o u t l i nes
600A & below WaveStar SSP Primary System 800A WaveStar SSP Primary System SSP Primary PDUs with I-line panel boards SSP Primary 100-300kVA PDU with I-line panel boards
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Floorstand
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REDUNDANT POWER
c li c k fo r:
WaveStar S T S / PDU S S S S e r i e s
t y p i c a l o u t l i nes
600A & below WaveStar STS/PDU Secondary System 800A WaveStar STS/PDU Secondary System 600A & below WaveStar STS/PDU Secondary System w/ I-Line Panel
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Floorstand
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Static Transfer Switch Secondary System
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QWIKSWITCH
c li c k fo r: o p e r at o r's m a nu a l s
Rack QwikSwitch manual Surface mount QwikSwitch manual
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REDUNDANT POWER
c li c k fo r: s p e c ifi c a t i o ns
ADMD specifications Primary or secondary system specifications
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