Thyristor Controlled Power for Induction Motor

Abstract: The project is designed to control AC power to a load by using firing angle
control of thyristor. Efficiency of such power control is very high compared to any other
method.
The project uses zero crossing point of the waveform which is detected by a comparator
whose output is then fed to the microcontroller. The microcontroller provides required
delayed triggering control to a pair of SCRs through opto isolator interface. Finally the
power is applied to the load through the SCRs in series. This project uses a
microcontroller from 8051 family which is interfaced through a push button switch for
increasing or decreasing the AC power to the load.
In a hardware a lamp is used in place of an induction motor whose varying intensity
demonstrates the varying power to the motor. The varying power results in variation in
speed of the motor.
The project can be further enhanced by using direct 230 volt supply instead of 12 volt AC
to the bridge rectifier for achieving higher voltage control for charging number of
batteries in series.
I ndex Terms: 8051 series Microcontroller,LM358,Opto isolators,Thyristor(SCRs),Push
Button ,Transformer, Diodes Voltage Regulator, Resistors,Capacitors,Crystal, Lamp.

Devendra Kumar Shukla
Electrical Engineering (Power Electronics)
SHIATS-DU, Allahabad, UP, India

Sudhanshu Tripathi
Assistant Professor
Electrical Engineering
SHIATS-DU, Allahabad, UP, India

I SSN 2319-9725
July, 2013 www.ijirs.com Vol 2 Issue 7
International Journal of Innovative Research and Studies Page 275

1. Introduction:
Thyristors are now widely used in many power electronics and motors drives applications.
This is due to their several advantages such as relatively small size, low losses, market
availability, and low cost. In this paper, a stator voltage control of single-phase induction
motor using thyristors is analysed and simulated. The stator voltage has been controlled by
phase angle control of single-phase supply. The delay angles and their corresponding resistor
values before the thyristor fires had been analysed. Firing requirements and limits of control
have also been studied. An electronic circuit is designed on matlab software thyristor to
control the speed of AC induction motor and simulated. The simulation results have been
found in correlation with the one obtained from the simulated matlab program using
MATLAB.

2. METHOD OF thyristor controlled power for inducation motor:
The project uses zero crossing point of the waveform which is detected by a comparator
whose output is then fed to the microcontroller.The microcontroller provides required
delayed triggering control to a pair of SCRs through opto isolator interface. Finally the power
is applied to the load through the SCRs in series. This project uses a microcontroller from
8051 family which is interfaced through a push button switch for increasing or decreasing the
AC power to the load. The Intel 8051 is an 8-bit microcontroller which means that most
available operations are limited to 8 bits. There are 3 basic "sizes" of the 8051: Short,
Standard, and Extended.

July, 2013 www.ijirs.com Vol 2 Issue 7
International Journal of Innovative Research and Studies Page 276

Figure1
In a hardware a lamp is used in place of an induction motor whose varying intensity
demonstrates the varying power to the motor. The varying power results in variation in speed
of the motor.
The project can be further enhanced by using direct 230 volt supply instead of 12 volt AC to
the bridge rectifier for achieving higher voltage control for charging number of batteries in
series.
The project is designed to control AC power to a load by using firing angle control of
thyristor. Efficiency of such power control is very high compared to any other method.

3. Simulink Modelling:
The Figure. show the simulink modelling of Thyristor controlled power for induction motor.
This model contain 3-phase Inducation Motor thus the overall performance of Thyristor
controlled based system can be examine.


Figure2:THYRISTOR Controlled power for induction motor


Continuous
powergui
Vc
Vb
Va
Step
Scope3
Scope2
Scope1
g m
a k
S6
g m
a k
S5
g
a
k
S4
g m
a k
S3
g m
a k
S2
g
a
k
S1
G6
G5
G4
G3
G2
G1

m
A
B
C
Tm
Asynchronous Machine
SI Units
<Thy ristor current>
<Thy ristor v oltage>
<Thy ristor current>
<Thy ristor v oltage>
<Rotor speed (wm)>
<Rotor angle thetam (rad)>
<Electromagnetic torque Te (N*m)>
July, 2013 www.ijirs.com Vol 2 Issue 7
International Journal of Innovative Research and Studies Page 277

The Figure show the simulink modelling of Thyristor controlled power for induction motor.In
the model of Thyristor Controlled Power for induction motor, hardware is different to
simulink because hardware have rectifier, voltage regulator ,opto isolators& 8051
microcontroller to generate the pulse but in simulink we use the pulse generator to generate
the pulse

Figure 3: THYRISTOR Controlled Power for induction motor

4. Result And Discussion:
The modelled circuit was simulated and the results were obtained. The input waveform
obtained from the alternating current (AC) signal 220V single phase power line is shown in
the figure 4.

Figure 4: Input AC signal waveform (200V/Div, 10ms/Div)
.
Continuous
powergui
Vc
Vb
Va
Step
Scope3
Scope2
Scope1
g m
a k
S6
g m
a k
S5
g
a
k
S4
g m
a k
S3
g m
a k
S2
g
a
k
S1
G6
G5
G4
G3
G2
G1

m
A
B
C
Tm
Asynchronous Machine
SI Units
<Thy ristor current>
<Thy ristor v oltage>
<Thy ristor current>
<Thy ristor v oltage>
<Rotor speed (wm)>
<Rotor angle thetam (rad)>
<Electromagnetic torque Te (N*m)>
July, 2013 www.ijirs.com Vol 2 Issue 7
International Journal of Innovative Research and Studies Page 278

The above signal is fed into the relaxation oscillation circuit to generate an on and off
signal which turns the thyristor on and off at a preset value of potentiometer. The square
wave signal is shown in the figure 5.

Figure 5: Output waveform from the RC Network Circuit. (1V/Div,10ms)
The action of the thyristor or triac is controlled by a diac which is switched on by a charge on
the capacitor under the control of potentiometer R. The resistance of the diac is virtually
infinite as long as the voltage across it remains within the breakover voltage limits, -VBO to
+VBO. During each half cycle of the mains sinewave, the capacitor charges until the voltage
across it exceeds the diac breakover voltage. The diac then switches on and capacitor
discharges itself into the gate of the triac and switches it on. The above simulation results
shows that the input supplies to the RC network circuit is sinusoidal waveform, the signal
then transform into square wave to operate the silicon controlled rectifier. Therefore, the RC
integrator circuit acts as delay circuit. The firing angle is varied by the adjusting the
potentiometer at the input terminal of the diac. Figure 6 shows the waveform at the firing
angle of 300 (the conduction angle of 1500).

Figure 6: Output Waveform at 300 Firing Angle

July, 2013 www.ijirs.com Vol 2 Issue 7
International Journal of Innovative Research and Studies Page 279

The above waveform shows that as the firing angle is been varied by adjusting the value of
the potentiometer, the conduction angle is also varied and thereby the output voltage supplied
to the load is been controlled. The values of potentiometer when is varied were obtained
and illustrated.
MATLAB Simulation of Single-Phase SCR Controller
From the above table, when the potentiometer value is increased, the delay angle will
increase and the width of the positive and negative half cycle will become smaller. Therefore,
the motor speed is reduced.The matlab simulation and the output waveform at 300 delay
angle obtained were shown below having a good correlation with output from the MATLAB
software.

Figure 8a: waveform of the load current
July, 2013 www.ijirs.com Vol 2 Issue 7
International Journal of Innovative Research and Studies Page 280


Figure 8b: waveform of the load current

Figure 8c: Waveform of Inductor Voltage

5. Conclusion:
This paper presents a modeling and simulation of single phase AC voltage controller for
single-phase induction motor. The simulation results from multisim software have been found
in correlation with their counterpart from MATLAB 7. The speed control of the induction
motor is achieved by controlling the firing angle. The relation between the speed of the motor
and the firing angle depends on the mode of operation and the phase voltage supplied. Most
July, 2013 www.ijirs.com Vol 2 Issue 7
International Journal of Innovative Research and Studies Page 281

of the National electrical energy is been consumed by the Electrical motors both at the
domestic and industrial premises, therefore the implementation of this power electronic
control provides a larger percentage of energy conservation. In this project we control the AC
power to the load by using the firing angle contol of the Thyristor.
Efficiency of such power control is very high compared to any other method. The project
uses 3-phase voltage supply The project can be further enhanced by using direct 230 volt
supply instead of 12 volt AC.

6. Appendix:
SN. The AC Motor Parameters
&Values
Parameter Value
1. Rated
voltage
220V
2. Rated
current
2.5A
3. Stator
Resistance(R
)
1.0
4. Rotor
resistance
1.5

5. Rotor
inductance
10mH
6. Stator
inductance
10mH
7. Rated torque 5.2 N m
8. Rated speed 1000rpm
9. Frequency 50Hz
10. Insulation
class


July, 2013 www.ijirs.com Vol 2 Issue 7
International Journal of Innovative Research and Studies Page 282

Acknowledgment:
This work is supported by Electrical Engineering Dept. Sam Higginbottom Institute of
Agriculture, Technology & Science- Deemed University, Allahabad, India.
























July, 2013 www.ijirs.com Vol 2 Issue 7
International Journal of Innovative Research and Studies Page 283

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