Broadcast Fundamentals

This course covers the fundamental broadcast system elements and television engineering principles to establish a basic awareness of the equipment used in the professional television industry. Whilst this course is designed for new staff with little or no experience, this 2 days program also serves as a useful revision for seasoned staff. Introduction The television transmission signal flow how a live-telecast reaches to the home viewers and how each of the intervening pieces of equipment play their role
Day 1 Part A - Audio Technology Fundamentals

Basic Audio Recording Studio Signal Flow and Transmission

Sound Waves
Sound envelope ADSR. Sound wave propagation. Sound wave reflections. Sound wave compression and rarefaction. Amplitude, frequency and pitch. Audio phase. Composite sine waves. Other waves square wave & saw-tooth. Fundamental frequency and harmonics. Octaves. Noise and signal degradation

Decibels and SPL (Sound Pressure Level)

Decibels dBu, dBm and dBa - Relative versus absolute levels and sound level meters and weightings A, B and C weightings

The Human Ear

The ear lobe. The ear construction inner, middle & outer ear .The auditory system signal flow. Intensity, time, location and distance. Hearing range humans and animals. Hearing loss in humans.

Audio Processing and Signal Distribution

Compression, expansion and Automatic gain control (AGC). Audio equalization. Handling lip sync issues. Delay unit. Telephone hybrid system. Profanity delay.

A Concept Model of a Sound System

Microphone construction. Microphone types dynamic & condenser. Microphone Polar patterns. Proximity effect. Environmental effects. Loudspeaker construction. Loudspeaker types tweeter, midrange & woofer. Passive, powered and active systems. Crossovers network systems. Audio mixer/console and amplification. Mono , stereo and bridged amplification. Bi wiring.

Signal Characteristics and Audio Monitoring

Stereo and monaural sound systems. Basic parameters of sound - Frequency range Human and musical instruments. Level and loudness ( Fletcher and Munson curves). Audio bandwidth. Frequency response. Dynamic range. Signal to noise ratio (SNR). Noise floor. The VU and PPM meters. Metering ballistics. Meter response time and attack time average, peak and true peaks.

Audio Cables and Connections

Unbalance versus balanced audio. Mono/Stereo plug connections. RCA and XLR connectors. Types of cables. shielding. Single and dual conductors. Unshielded cables. Patch bay pane, patch cords. Normaled and half normaled patching and routing. Hum, buzz, cracking and distortion.

Day 2 Part B - Video Technology Fundamentals

Basic Video Recording Studio Signal Flow and Transmission

Transmission Standards Carrier wave
Radio frequency. Frequency modulation (FM) and amplitude modulation (AM). Microwave and satellite link. Frequency bands - HF, VHF and UHF.

Picture Scanning
Basic TV scanning standards PAL 625/50,NTSC 525/60,1080/50 HDTV. Interlace and Progressive. Frames and fields. Sync pulse and colour burst. Pixels and resolution. Aspect ratio 4:3 and 16:9

Monochrome and Colour TV

NTSC and Pal Technology. Primary colours and colour mixing. Luminance and chrominance. Saturation and hue. Basic RGB video signals parade.

Camera Imaging and Gamma Correction

The nonlinear response curve in the CRT. Gamma corrected signals RGB and YPb Pr Camera CCD

The Composite and Component Analogue Video Signal

Composite video coding - Y and C. RGB to the component transcoding, some definitions, Y, R- Y, B-Y Y, Pb Pr and Y Cb, Cr

The Basic Video Test Signal

SMPTE and EBU colour bars. 75% and 100% color bar functions and usage. Colour bar and the 1KHz tone

Analog and Digital VTR Formats

Basic tape transport layout Stationary and rotary heads. The helical tape path and magnetic recording. VHS , "C" and B formats VTR and Betacam SP. Head arrangements and tape footprint, longitudinal track options. Audio tracks configuration. The control tracks. TBC time base corrector

Video Reference (Genlock), Timecode and Subtitling

Reasons for timecode, LTC, VITC, BITC and TCIV.EBU and SMPTE definitions. Video timing and frame sync. Open and closed caption subtitles. Line 21 captions. Vertical interval.

Basic Digital Systems

Analog versus digital. Sampling structure and sampling rate 44.1K, 48K and 96K. Quantization process. 601 digital component video. Chroma sub sampling 4:2:2 and 4:4:4. AES audio and embedded audio. Bit stream and bit rate. Digital interface SDI, SPDIF and AES. Dolby Digital

REGISTRATION FORM
Please fax this form to (65) 62828 039 to book your place Yes! Please register the following participant(s) for this course.

Broadcast Fundamentals
Course fees: S$ 1,200.00 ( before 7% GST ) Duration: 2 days Course dates: _____/_____/_____ to _____/_____/_____

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Please arrange a crossed cheque or bank draft made payable to EDITEC INTERNATIONAL PTE LTD. And mail your payment together with a copy of this registration to: 61 Tai Seng Avenue, #05-01 UE Print Media Hub, Singapore 534167 Enclosed is our cheque /draft for S$ .. Overseas delegates may pay by telegraphic transfer into the account of Editec International Pte Ltd to the following account: Account No.932-343-086-8 United Overseas Bank Block 803 King Georges Avenue #01-242/244 Singapore 200803 Please quote name of course and your company name in your payment instructions.

Cancellation and transfers:

If you are unable to attend, a substitute delegate is welcome at no extra charges. Please provide the name and title of the substitute delegate at least 3 days prior to the seminar. A full refund less 10% admin charge will be given for cancellation received in writing 14 days before commencement.