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temperature, or
Rewrite (3.63)
T =T +
s
& Q
s s
aS
A surface is extended by adding fins Examples of fins: Thin rods on the condenser in back of refrigerator. Honeycomb surface of a car radiator. Corrugated surface of a motorcycle engine. Coolers of PC boards. Types of Fins
(a) constant area (b) variable area straight fin straight fin Fig. 3.12
Fin base (pata ebra) Fin tip (konec ebra) Straight fin: Fig. 3.12 (a) and (b). Variable cross-sectional area fin: Fig. 3.12 (b), (c) and
(d). Spine or a pin fin: Fig. 3.12 (c). Annular or cylindrical: Fig. 3.12 (d).
Heat Transfer and Temperature r Distribution in Fins Heat flow through a fin is
axial and lateral (2-D)
T
T
Fig. 3.13
h T ,,T
Temperature distribution is
2-D
T
T
Fig. 3.13
h T ,,T
The Fin Heat Equation Objective: Determine the heat transfer rate from a fin.
Need the temperature distribution
& in = E & out E & Energy in by conduction = Q x & + (dQ & /dx)dx Energy out by conduction = Q x x
(3.65)
conv
dS=P.dx dA s C P qx
(a) (b)
& + Eout = Q x
& dQ x dx
qx +
dqx dx dx
&c dq dQ
conv
( b)
dx
& dx + dQ
conv
=0
(c)
dT & Q = A x dx
(d)
& dQ
conv
= (T T )P.dx
(e)
dS = surface area of element through which heat is convected (d) and (e) into (c)
d dT A dx (T T )Pdx = 0 dx dx
(f)
Assume: constant
d 2T P (T T ) = 0 2 A dx
(3.66)
(3.66)
Boundary Conditions
Two B.C. are needed
d (T T ) & Qo = A dx
x =0
(3.68)
(3.69)
P mL = L A
d 2 (T - T ) 2 m (T T ) = 0 dx 2
(3.70)
Solution
d 2 (T - T ) 2 m (T T ) = 0 dx 2
Solution to (3.70) is (3.70)
T(x) T = C1e mx + C 2 e mx
(3.71)
` `
Special Cases Consider 3 cases of constant area fins (i) Specified temperature at base, semi-infinite fin (ii) Finite fin, specified temperature at the base, insulated tip (iii)Finite fin, specified temperature at the base, heat transfer at the tip
Objective: To determine:
T(x) T = C1e mx + C 2 e mx
(1) The temperature distribution in the fin T T(x) &o ) (2) The heat transfer rate (tepeln tokQ
0
To
C P
h,T
The base is at temperature To Ambient temperature is T Fin equation: (3.70) Solution: (3.71) B.C. are:
Fig. 3.16
Ac A
T(x) T = C1e mx + C 2 e mx
T(0) =To , T(0) T = T0 T
T() =T , T( ) T = 0
B.C. (b)
0 = C1 + C 2 0,
B.C. (a)
C1 = 0
C 2 = T0 T
T(x) T = (To T )exp( mx)
T(x) T T T
o
= exp( mx)
(3.72)
= Am(T0 T )
(3.73)
& o = A P (T0 T ) Q
&o Q = (T0 T ) A P
Case (ii): Finite length fin with specified temperature at the base and insulated tip
Same as Case (i) except the tip is insulated.
0
T & Q x = L = S x
Tip B.C.
,T h ,T
ht h,T , T
=0
x=L
To
Ac
Fig. 3.17
d (T T ) dx
x=L
=0
T(x) T = C1e mx + C 2 e mx
General solution:
Solution:
T ( x ) T cosh m( L - x ) = = cosh mL To T
TL T 1 = L T0 T cosh mL
d (T T ) & Qo = A dx
x =0
&o Q = (T0 T ) A P
TL T = 0,014 T0 T
TL T = 0,014.(T0 T )
Case (iii): Finite length fin with specified temperature at the base and heat transfer at the tip
0
,T h ,T
h,T , T
,T
ht
To
Ac
Fig. 3.17
Corrected Length Lc Fins with insulated tips have simpler solutions than
fins with convection at the tip
Simplified model: Assume insulated tip and The corrected length Lc is Error negligible if
Lc = L + Lc
f =
AP (To T ) P = A(To T ) A
How to increase fin effectivness: high conductivity material high perimeter to area ratio P/A thin fin and close each to other use fin where heat transfer coefficient is low f must be >2, otherwise dont use the fin.
Fin Efficiency f : Compares heat transfer from a fin with the maximum heat that the fin can transfer. Defined as &o Q (3.89) f = & o,max Q
(3.90)
TOT =
& TOT,max Q
& TOT Q
Sf So
STOT
& TOT Q
Total finned surface (including surface between individual fins) STOT = S f + S o Total heat transfer rate from the total finned surface of an actual finned surface
(3.91)
TOT = 1
Sf STOT
(1 f )
Practical procedure how to calculate heat transfer rate from a finned surface
1. 2. 3.
TO
Sf
Calculate total S f efficiency ( TOT = 1 1 f ) STOT Calculate maximum heat transfer rate
& TOT,max = S TOT (To T ) Q
So
4.
5.