Project 2.2.

3 Turbine Engine Design Template

Parth Singh 3rd period Mr. Eckenrod March 31, 2014

Abstract: In this project, we spent 3 days designing an aircraft engine using a NASA simulator. We measured how changing different factors, like the materials used or the fans bypass ratio, affect its weight and lift. We had to change one variable at a time and then document the changes to the weight, the Thrust to weight Ratio and the TSFC. Concepts: An Airplane Engine contains many parts including inlet, fan, compressor, burner, turbine, and the nozzle. The inlet lets air into the engine, which is compressed in the compressor. The compressed air is mixed with fuel are combusted in the burner, which turns the turbines. The air then exits through the nozzle. I used a Turbofan engine, which basically puts a giant fan in front of the inlet. It pushes air into the inlet and it also pushes air around the engine, which cools it. Definitions: Engine net thrust: thrust created by engine accounting for resistance. Fuel flow rate: rate the fuel is used by the engine Engine air flow rate: rate at which air flows through the engine Engine weight: weight of engine Thrust to weight ratio: ratio of Thrust to engine weight Specific fuel consumption: measure of fuel efficiency Fuel-to-air ratio: the ratio of Fuel to air in the combustible mixture Engine pressure ratio (EPR): the pressure in engine compared to outside pressure Engine temperature ratio (ETR): the ratio of engine temperature to outside temperature Gross thrust: total thrust created by engines Ram drag: Drag created by the intake air. Nozzle pressure ratio (NPR): the ratio of pressure in the nozzle to the outside pressure. Engine thermal efficiency: how well energy is transferred from fuel. Nozzle exit velocity (V exit): the velocity of air exiting the engine Free stream dynamic pressure (q0): The average kinetic energy of the air stream Specific impulse (ISP) : describes the efficiency of rockets and jet engines. Nozzle exit pressure (Pexit): the pressure of air exiting the nozzle. Fan nozzle exit pressure (P fan exit): the pressure of air exiting the fan. Compressor face Mach number (M2): the speed at which the engine can theoretically go to. Variation of total pressure and temperature through the engine: see term. Overall engine efficiency: the overall fuel efficiency of an engine

Technical Documentation:
Simulation Engine type Flight Conditions Mach Airspeed (mph) Altitude (ft) Pressure (lbs/in ) o Temperature ( F)
2

1 Turbo Fan 1.135 750 3700 0 3.131 69.71 9 99.93 N/A

Throttle (%) Afterburner (on/off)

Discussion: My engine should be selected as the most fuel efficient engine because it sacrifices the pressure ratio in the engine to better manage fuel. Because of its turbofan design, it works efficiently in both high and low altitude flights. Its lack of an afterburner insures that it is as fuel efficient as possible. Although it loses half of its gross thrust to air resistance, it is still a good design. None of the components overheat or reach a temperature that is exceedingly high. All these factors work together to insure that my engine is incredibly fuel efficient.