MEN Switches & Routers

50630008

Content

MEN Architecture VLAN L3 Forwarding Switches Routers

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MAN Network Evolution

Today
Wireless Voice
Wireless Data

Tomorrow

Online Gaming

High Speed Internet

Location & Presence

Streaming

Message

Service

Message

Directory

Dial-up

Storage

VoIP X.25

Video

Voice

Voice

Data

FR IP ATM

Core

IP / MPLS Network
PDH 3G

PSTN

SDH Cable

Access
Ethernet

ADSL GSM/GPRS CDMA

DSL

FTTP/HFC

Wireless

RAN

Multiple networks merge together IP based Lower TCO

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Unified network, diversified services Gradual evolution

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Position of Metro Ethernet

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Reliance MEN Architecture

Core

Backbone MPLS
MCN
Layer 2 / Layer 3 service

MAN
Distribution MAN

MAN Ring
MAN
BAN

MAN Static path configuration

Aggregation

BAN

Upto 4 BAN Rings

BAN BAN

Upto 4 BANs / BAN ring

Access

Fiber
Bldg. s/w

8~16 BA Rings

Upto 14 BNs / BA ring

STB

Home
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5 customer traffic VLAN, IP, Port based policy for transmitting Slide

Characteristics of Metro Ethernet

High Availability

Switchover: <50ms Service availability: 99.999% Link Aggregation & node protection E2E Protection E2E SLA No VLAN Limitation Interface rate range from n Mbps to N10Gbps Fast provisioning, OAM Unified management

AN

Metro

Core (IP/MPLS)

Hard QoS

Scalability

Service Management

Metro Ethernet

TDM
Seamless interoperation with legacy TDM system Legacy Leased Line

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VLAN

Broadcast Storm

broadcast

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Divide Broadcast Domain by Router

broadcast

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Divide Broadcast Domain by VLAN

Broadcast domain1 VLAN 10

Broadcast domain2 VLAN 20

Broadcast domain3 VLAN 30

Marketing Department

Financial Department

Engineering Department

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VLAN

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Port Based VLAN

LAN Switch VLAN Table Port
Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4

VLAN
VLAN5
VLAN10 VLAN5 VLAN10

Port 1
Port 2 Port 3 Port 4

Host A

Host B

Host C

Host D

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Format of 802.1Q Frame

DA SA
Type Data CRC

Standard Ethernet Frame

DA

SA

tag

Type

Data TCI

CRC

TPID

Priority

CFI

VLAN ID

Ethernet Frame with IEEE802.IQ Flag

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Link Type

Trunk Link or Hybrid Link Access Link

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VLAN Trunking

Allows to send traffic for multiple VLAN across single link. Two devices must support same trunking protocol 802.1q Device adds a header called tag to the original Ethernet frame which has field for VLAN ID Allowed VLANs Each trunk allows all VLANs by default. However, they can be added or removed from the list.

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Frame Changes in Network Communication

VLAN 2

Ethernet frame with tag

VLAN 3

Ethernet frame without tag Ethernet frame with tag

VLAN 3

VLAN 2

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Trunk and VLAN

VLAN 4

VLAN 5

VLAN 2

VLAN 4

VLAN 3

VLAN 2

VLAN 4

VLAN 5

VLAN 5

VLAN 2

Trunk Link

Broadcast

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L3 Forwarding

Integration of switching and routing

VLAN 100 VLAN 200

VLAN 100

VLAN 300 VLAN 200

VLAN 300

Functional integration of layer 2 switches and routers forms the layer 3 switch; the layer 3

switch functionally realizes VLAN classification, VLAN internal layer 2 switching and inter-VLAN route functions.

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Message to message Layer 3 switching technology

3 2 1 3 2 3 2 1 3 2

Traditional layer 3 technology processes each message, and transfers messages based on the

destination IP addresses. This method is called from message to message

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Layer 3 switching technology based on flow switching

3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1

The first message Subsequent messages

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Huawei CX200D

Hardware Architecture of the CX200D

CX200D

Dimensions Port Switch capacity Forwarding performance Interface type Power

442mm220mm43.6mm
8.8Gbps/6.6Mpps

24*10/100TX+2*GE(SFP) DC/AC 25W

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Software Architecture of the CX200DSystem

System service plane Terminal service Information center System service IGMP snooping Trunk VLAN General control plane ACL ARP MAC EoRPR QoS STP management plane Command line SNMP HGMP

Ethernet

VRP platform (OS) Hardware drivers

System management plane

Help the users log in and manage the information of CX200D. System service plane Help the users configure and manage CX200D.

General control plane

Provide features such as access, service transmission, and QoS.

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CX200D Significant Features

RRPP IEEE802.3ah IGMP Snooping QoS

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RRPP - Rapid Ring Protection Protocol

Metro Network Main Port Link-Down Notification Transit Node Main Ring Transit Node Hello Packet Main Node Slave Port

Transit Node

Transit Node Link-Down Notification

Sub-Ring 1

Sub-Ring 2

Block Status Link Failure User1 User2

RRPP provides Ethernet Ring solution with ordinary Ethernet Port Less than 50ms failure protection. Ring span support Link Aggregation
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Ethernet OAM802.3ah Protocol

Link Failure Message CE PE

CX380
CX200D User to Network Interface Link Loopback Message CE PE

802.3ah protocol is used to solve The Last Mile problem, and suitable for Ethernet link between two devices too. Main Functions OAM Auto Discover OAM Link Monitor Remote Fault Notify OAM Remote Loopback Remote Taking MIB

Test Message User to Network Interface

CX380

CX200D

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IGMP Snooping
Multicast Router Internet Internet VOD Server2

VOD Server1

CX200D

Video Stream

Multicast Group Member

Multicast Group Member

Multicast Group Member

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High Reliable Multicast

Multicast function Feature
Core Layer Convergence Layer

Only one copy for whole ring

and

IGMP Snooping V1/V2 MVLAN+ Native L2 multicast forwarding easy to deploy maintain 50ms switch over IGMP fast leave, fast zapping

CX200D

STP/RRPP

CX200D

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Scheduling with Diff-Serv QoS

802.1P 7 6 5 4 Service

SP SP

Q7 Q6 Q5 Q4

TDM packet
VoIP BTV basic channel BTV extension channel

VPN gold 3 2
VPN bronze VPN silver VoD

WRR/ DRR

Q3
Q2 Q1

AN

1 0

reserved

Q0

Internet

OSS and VoIP are marked with highest priority, scheduled with SP, and policed to be within the pre-

set maximum rate.

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Cisco Catalyst 3550 Switch

QoS Model
Classification Marking

Congestion Avoidance Mechanism

Default is FIFO & Tail drop. i.e: drop if there is no memory ,even without looking at it. WRED-weighted random early detection. i.e: Randomly clears heavy packets to create space in the buffer

Policing & Shaping

Queuing (congestion mgt)

VoIP -1 FTP-2 HTTP-3 Queuing will kick up only when there is congestion. But if VoIP uses more than allotted BW, start policing, we dont want it to use all the BW

Identifying & Grouping different traffic types -FTP -VoIP Cisco says min-4 & max-11 groups

Colors the packet so it can be quickly recognized else were in the network . Marking is between L2 & L3 or L3

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Problem to Distribute Multicast in L2 Ring

We have 2 user Vlans per switch in the ring and 28 user vlans are sent over each trunk in the ring. We need to be able to send all multicast streams to each users In standard multicast the distribution, the BAN needs to replicate multicast streams to potentially 28 users Vlans
28 copies of each multicast packet might travel over the ring

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Problem to Distribute Multicast in L2 Ring

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MVR Operation

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Supervisor Subsystem

Managing control plane traffic for the switch Provides address learning capabilities

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ACL

Network security through Cisco access control lists (ACLs) based on Layer 2 through Layer 4 information Access control all packets Lookups done in hardware : less delay Security at the edge Minimizes congestion by filtering unwanted traffic

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Cisco ME 3400

Cisco ME 3400

24 Ethernet 10/100 ports 2 SFP gigabit uplinks (GBIC in 3550) 30W max power consumption (25 W less than 3550) Operating temperature-50 deg (5 more than 3550)

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Cisco Catalyst 3750

Cisco Catalyst 3750

12 SFP based Gigabit ports 32 Gbps high speed stacking bus Power consumption 120W max

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User Configuration Interface

Setup via Console

Console Port

Console Cable Router

RS-232 Serial Port

PC

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Setup via Telnet

Workstation Router

100BASE-TX

Ethernet

Server

Laptop

PC

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Setup via the AUX Port

RS-232 Serial Port PC Router Modem
PSTN

TEL: 12345678

Console Port

Modem Modem

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Command View
Huawei The system commands are divided into four levels: Visit: Monitor: Config: Manage: Cisco There are two modes: User Enable Configuration
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Visit Level
The commands in visit level:

Visit: includes the commands of network diagnosis tools such as ping and tracert, and the commands for visit to external devices, such as Telnet client, SSH client, and RLOGIN.

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Monitor Level

The commands in monitor level:

Commands used for system maintenance and service fault diagnosis, including display and debugging commands.
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Config Level

The commands in config level:

Config: Service configuration commands including routing commands and the commands at the network layer.
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Manage Level

The commands in manage level:

Manage: Commands essential to the system operations and the system support modules. They provide support to services that concerns file system, FTP, TFTP, XModem download, configuration file switch, power control, standby board control, user management, level setting, as well as the parameter setting within a system (the last case involves those non-protocol or non-RFC provisioned commands).

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Command Views

Command lines are associated with command views like: User view System view/Enable View/Config View Routing protocol views: OSPF, RIP, BGP, IS-IS Interface views: FE, GE, synchronous serial, cE1, E3, cT1, T3, ATM, POS, CPOS, virtual-template, virtual Ethernet, loopback, null, tunnel User interface view L2TP group view Route mapping view

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Command Line On-line Help

Enter ? in any views and you will obtain all the commands in this view and their simple descriptions as well.
<Quidway> ? User view commands: cd Change current directory clock Specify the system clock

Cisco>?

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Command Line On-line Help (Continued)

Enter a command and a ? separated by a space. If "?" stands for a key word, all the keywords and their simple descriptions will be given.
<Quidway> display ? aaa acl

AAA status and configuration information Acl status and configuration information

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Command Line On-line Help (Continued)

Enter a command and a ? separated by a space. If "?" stands for a parameter, descriptions of these parameters will be given.
[Quidway] interface ethernet <3-3> Slot number [Quidway] interface ethernet / [Quidway] interface ethernet <0-0> [Quidway] interface ethernet / [Quidway] interface ethernet <0-0> [Quidway] interface ethernet <cr> ? 3? 3/? 3/0? 3/0/?

3/0/0 ?

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Command Line On-line Help (Continued)

Enter a character string followed by a ?. All the commands starting with this string will be displayed.
<Quidway> d? debugging delete dir display

Press <tab> after entering the first several letters of a keyword to display the complete

keyword, given that these letters can uniquely identify the keyword in this command.

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Huawei CX600

Positioning of CX600

CX600 Metro Services Platform (MSP) is a high end Ethernet product. It focuses on Ethernet services access, aggregation and transmission in metro area. It mainly locates at metro access and aggregation point and can provide FE, GE, 10 GE and RPR interfaces with line speed performance.
Access Aggregation Edge Core
Application

DSLAM CMTS MSP CX600 MSP CX600 AG MSP CX600 NodeB

BRAS

Internet

VoD ES P MSP CX600 PE P SBC P

SoftX

Acc Switch

Headend

VoD CS

RNC

SGSN

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Introduction to CX600
Key components redundancy:
1:1 redundancy of the Switch and Route Processing Unit (SRUs) 3+1 load balancing and redundancy backup of the Switch Fabric Units (SFUs) Redundancy backup of power modules, fans, clock boards and management bus Support GR, NSF, Hot Patch

Current capacity Backplane bandwidth 2Tbps Switching capacity 640Gbps Port capacity (bidirectional) 160Gbps, 20G/slot

Expansion capacity Switching capacity 1.28Tbps Port capacity (bidirectional) 640Gbps, 80G/slot

Port Capacity = sum of total interfaces capacity on 8 bidirectional LPU slots One LPU slot = 10Gbps service forwarding, i.e: 10*2 = 20 Gbps Total capacity of CX600-8 = 10*8*2=160Gbps.

CX600-8
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CX600 System Architecture

Monitor Bus FAN (redundancy) SRU (1:1 redundancy) Control Bus FAN (redundancy) Data Bus

SFU SFU LPU LPU

Switching Fabric

LPU

LPU

3+1 redundancy (3+1)

Redundancy design for all components, no single point failure Distributed forwarding architecture to eliminate performance bottle neck and maximize throughput Separated data bus, control bus and monitor bus 2:1 speedup (=switching capacity : port capacity), non-blocking crossbar switching fabric

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CX600 Slot/Card/Port Numbering

6/0/0

11

10

0 2 4 6 8 10

1 3 5 7 9 11

0 1

0 1

0 1

0 1

12

0 1

0 1

0 1

0 1

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Strong Reliability Feature

Non-stop Forwarding VPN FRR Enhanced-VRRP for Layer 3 Access Reliability

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Non-stop Forwarding
Signaling/protocol packet

1:1 redundancy
Stateful Switchover Graceful Restart Capabilities

RM RM FIB BACKUP ACTIVE FIB table Control Unit

Statistics and status information

Forwarding Unit Data Packet FIB

Separated Control Plane & Forwarding Plane Stateful Switchover between active & standby MPU Full Graceful Restart capabilities Each line card has a duplicated FIB, forwards packets & maintains link status independently
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VPN FRR for Layer 3 VPN Reliability

VRF for NGN VPN Site1 DIP PE-ID Interface MG2 PE2 MG2 PE3 Tunnel1 Tunnel 2 100 200 Label 10 20 Priority Active Inactive

Metro Core DIP

VRF for NGN VPN Site1 PE-ID Interface MG2 PE3 Tunnel 2 200

Label 20

Priority Active

Metro Edge
VoIP/VoD VLAN

Tunnel 1

PE2
Tunnel 2 PE3

PE1 CX600

BFD for Detection of Path Failure

VPN FRR for fast Recovery
Pag

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Enhanced-VRRP for Layer 3 Access Reliability

Normal VRRP:
VRRP
Master Backup Master BFD for VRRP

Enhanced VRRP:
VRRP
Backup

VRRP Hello

interface x vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip x.x.x.x vrrp vrid 1 priority 150

Converge time: 3s

interface y vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip x.x.x.x vrrp vrid 1 priority 120 vrrp vrid 1 track bfd-session 10 increase 50

Normal VRRP, Master send VRRP Hello packet to Backup periodically Backup device will be changed to Master when it can not receive VRRP Hello packet more than 3 times The period of VRRP Hello packet could be configured to 1s minimum, which means switchover time will be more than 3s

Converge time: 50ms

In the Enhanced VRRP, link state is detected by BFD BFD can detect the link failure in 50ms, then VRRP state will be changed between Master and Backup device In some condition, the switchover time could be less than 30ms
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BFD for PIM

Head End CDN BB Core

Normal

CX600 PIM-SM IGMP V2 CX300 Multicast DATA BFD for PIM

DLSAM

PIM, DR and BDR send Hello packet periodically BDR will be changed to DR when it can not receive PIM Hello packet more than 3 times The period of PIM Hello packet could be configured to 1s minimum, which means switchover time will be more than 3s With BFD for PIM, link state is detected by BFD BFD can detect the link failure in 50ms, then PIM state will be changed between DR and BDR In some condition, the switchover time could be less than 50ms

PC

RTU

STB

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Hierarchical QoS
L1-L4 info ,64Kbps granularity precise traffic policing 5-level scheduling & shaping Precise bandwidth management Congestion avoidance with WRED

NP

TM

TM

NP Classifier Meter Marker

Classifier Meter Marker

Scheduler Shaper Dropper

Scheduler Shaper Dropper

Ingress QoS

Egress QoS

Independent 24k Ingress and 24k Egress Queues 5 Level Hierarchical Scheduler

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Cisco 7609

7609 Features

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Features 720 Gbps of switching capacity 40 Gigabit/slot configuration Line Rate Performance 9-vertical slots

0 1

1/1

3/0/0

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Router Architecture

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7609 IOS

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SUP 720 Module

Apply ACLs for traffic policing and marking, make policy decisions, and determine where to switch the packet, all at line rate regardless of packet size and flow length Routing Engine : Routing Table maintenance Packet Forwarding Engine

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IOS Boot process

IOS image in SUP-BOOTFLASH SP portion of image is decompressed & loaded in to SP-DRAM The SP starts booting from this image The SP then hands-over the control to RP, to continue booting Next, RP downloads the IOS image in to RP-DRAM, and decompresses the image RP boots using the RP-DRAM image & complete the boot sequence. Console remains with RP

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Optical Service Module

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OSM features

High speed WAN services Wide range of WAN connectivity: GE, ATM, SDH etc. 4 GBIC ports on every OSM Packet buffers (64 MB to 128MB)

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Thank you