PAPR Analysis of DHT-Precoded OFDM system for M-QAM

A PROJECT REPORT Su mitted in !artial fulfillment of t"e re#uirements for t"e a$ard of t"e de%ree of

&ACHE'OR OF TECH(O'O)*
+n

Electronics and Communication En%ineerin%

&y
P,PRATH*-SHA (,AR-( 5-MAR P, HAR+SH -,S-RESH ./0A(/A01234 ./0A(/A016/4 ./0A(/A01274 ./0A(/A01A84

-nder t"e %uidance of Ms,Ru eena

Assistant Professor

De!artment of Electronics 9 Communication En%ineerin% &A'AJ+ +(ST+T-TE OF E()+(EER+() A(D SC+E(CES

.Affiliated to J(T-: Hydera ad4 (ARSAMPET: ;ARA()A' <0=33/

80/3-80/1

&A'AJ+ +(ST+T-TE OF E()+(EER+() A(D SC+E(CES (ARSAMPET: ;ARA()A' <0=33/

DEPARTME(T OF E'ECTRO(+CS 9 COMM-(+CAT+O( E()+(EER+()

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled PAPR Analysis of DHT-Precoded OFDM system for MQAM that is being submitted by Ms,P,Prat"yus"a ./0A(/A01234: Mr,(,Arun >umar ./0A(/A016/4: Mr,P,Haris" ./0A(/A01274: Mr,-,Sures" ./0A(/A01A84 In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of &ACHE'OR OF TECH(O'O)* in Electronics and Communications En%ineerin% from Ja$a"arlal (e"ru Tec"nolo%ical -ni?ersity: Hydera ad is a record of bonafide work carried out by them under our guidance and supervision.

+nternal )uide
Ms,Ru eena
sst. !rof.

Head of t"e De!t,

Mr,A,Sanyasi Rao
"ead# $ept. of %&%.

Princi!al
Dr,S,An@aneyulu
!rincipal.

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

DEC'ARAT+O(
The project entitled APAPR Analysis of DHT-Precoded OFDM system for M-QAMB is a record of the bonafide work undertaken by us towards partial fulfillment of the award of $egree of &ac"elor of Tec"nolo%y. The results in this project work have not been submitted to any other 'niversity or Institute for the award of any $egree.

P, PRATH*-SHA (, AR-( 5-MAR P, HAR+SH -, S-RESH

./0A(/A01234 .//A(<A016/4 ./0A(/A01274 ./0A(/A01A84

AC5(O;'ED)EME(T
(e wish to take this opportunity to e)press our deep gratitude to all the people who have e)tended their co*operation in various ways during our project work. It is our pleasure to acknowledge the help of all those individuals. (e wish to e)press our deep sense of gratitude to our Internal +uide : MS, Ru eena: ssistant !rofessor of %lectronics and &ommunication %ngineering# for his able guidance# useful suggestions# constant inspiration and encouragement in the completion of this project. (ithout his close monitoring and valuable suggestions this work wouldn,t have taken this shape. I feel that this help is un*substitutable and unforgettable. (e are grateful to our !rincipal Dr, S,An@aneyulu for his moral support and also for granting us permission to utili-e the labs. (e are thankful to Sri A,Sanyasi Rao: Assoc, Prof,: . "ead# $ept. of %lectronics and &ommunications %ngineering# for his valuable support. (e are e)tremely thankful to our !rojects &oordinator Mr, S,Srini?as# project work. (e would also like e)tend our thanks to the faculty of the $epartment of %lectronics and &ommunication %ngineering# the office staff and other technical and non*technical for their support# help and encouragement. (e truthfully acknowledge the help and moral support rendered by our parents. /ast# but not the least# we thank all our friends for their moral support in making this project lead to a successful completion. 0inally I thankful the authors of my base paper . 1aid# (. !earlman# %. /e !ennec 1incerely# ssistant

!rofessor# for e)tending his cooperation# suggestions and keenness in the completion of this

P, PRATH*-SHA (, AR-( 5-MAR P, HAR+SH -, S-RESH

./0A(/A01234 .//A(<A016/4 ./0A(/A01274 ./0A(/A01A84

A&STRACT
"igh peak*to*average power ratio 2! !34 is a major drawback of orthogonal frequency division multiple)ing 250$64 systems.The high ! !3 increases the comple)ity of $igital2 7$4 and $igital to "igh !ower mplifier2"! 4.In this paper we present an analysis of nalogue to nalogue2$7 4 convertors and also reduces the efficiency of 30 $iscrete "artley

Transform2$"T4 precoded 50$6 system using 6*8 62where 69:;#<=#;>#=?;4.(e compare the computer simulation result of $"T precoded 50$6 system with $0T precoded 50$6 system#(alsh "adamard Transform2("T4 precoded 50$6 system#1elected 6apping21/64 based 50$6 system and 50$6 conventional.1imulation results shows that the ! !3 of $"T precoded 50$6 system in lower than ("T precoded 50$6 system#1/6*50$6 system and 50$6 conventional.(e also concluded in this paper that $0T precoded 50$6 system has @ero ! !3.

CO(TE(TS
CHAPTER (O, &" !T%3 : : :.= (hat is $I!B :.< (hat is an imageB :.<.: +ray scale image :.<.= &olor image :.> Image as matrices :.? Image types :.?.: Intensity images :.?.= Cinary images :.?.< Inde)ed images :.?.> 3+C images &" !T%3 = : = < < < > ? ? ? ; DESCR+PT+O( $I+IT / I6 +% !35&%11IA+ :.: "istorical perspective PA)E (O, :

&56!3%11I5A A$ $%&56!3%11I5A T%&"AI8'%1 =.: =.= =.< Introduction &ategories of data compressed algorithms /ossless coding techniques =.<.: 3un length coding =.<.= "uffman coding =.<.< %ntropy coding E D E E F

=.<.> rea coding =.> /ossy coding techniques =.>.: Transform coding =.>.= Gector quanti-ation =.? /ossy compression v7s /ossless compression =.; Clock diagram of compression process =.D (avelet analysis =.D.: (hat is wavelet analysisB =.D.= (hat is waveletB =.E 1caling =.F The $iscrete (avelet Transform =.:H 5ne stage filtering =.:: 6ultilevel decomposition =.:= (avelet reconstruction =.:< 3econstruction filters =.:> 1caling

; : = : : : : : : : : : : : : :

=.:? 6ultistep decomposition and 3econstruction : &" !T%3 < GI$%5 &56!3%11I5A <.: Introduction <.= (hy video compressionB <.< Gideo codec : : : :

<.> %ncoding Theory <.? dvantages of video compression <.; $isadvantages of video compression &" !T%3 > I6 +% &56!3%11I5A >.: Introduction >.= &ompression steps >.< $igiti-ation >.> (avelet decomposition >.? Thresholding >.; 8uanti-ation >.D %ntropy coding >.E dvantages of image compression >.F $isadvantages of image compression &" !T%3 ?

: : : : : : : : : : : : :

I6 +% &56!3%11I5A G71 GI$%5 &56!3%11I5A : ?.: &omparison of image an video compression

&" !T%3 ;

1T TI5A 3I ( G%/%T T3 A10536 ;.: Introduction ;.= Implementation ;.< pplications

: : : : :

&" !T%3 D

1!I"T

D.H Introduction D.: pproach D.= 1et !artioning algorithm D.< 1!I"T sorting pass D.> pplications D.>.: !hotography D.>.= 6edical imaging D.>.< 6icroscope image processing &" !T%3 E 1I6'/ TI5A 3%1'/T1 E.: 3esults &" !T%3 F : F.= pplications F.< &onclusion &" !T%3 :H &" !T%3 :: 3%0%3%A&%1 !!%A$IJ &oding Case paper Ado!ted (otations and Sym ols
ECam!les 'i>e

: : : : : : : : : : :

0'T'3% 1&5!% . !!/I& TI5A1 F.: 0uture scope of 1!I"T algorithm

: : : :

2.4T

Transpose

2.4K
2.4L
det2.4

&omple) conjugate &onjugate transpose 6atri) determinant Trace Identity matri) m ) n comple) matri) %)pectation &omple) +aussian distribution with mean and variance = 1A3 IA3

tr { .}
I
C mn

E { .}

CN 2 # = 4

I
Eb N H min 1H

6inimum energy per information bit (ideband slope 0irst order derivative 1econd order derivative &onfluent hypergeometric function antenna spacing 3ician factor

& 2.4 C
&& 2.4 C
2.#.#.4

d M

'+ST OF F+)-RES

S,(o,

Fi%, (o,

Descri!tion

Pa%e (o,

0ig. =.: =

Clock diagram of an image compression (avelet analysis

: : : : : E E :H :: := :? :D == => =? =D =E <:

0ig. =.= 1T0T

< > ? ; D E F :H :: := :< :> :? :; :D :E

0ig. =.< 0ig. =.> 0ig. =.? 0ig. =.; 0ig. =.D 0ig. =.E 0ig. =.F 0ig. =.:H 0ig. =.:: 0ig. =.:= 0ig. <.: 0ig. <.= 0ig. <.< 0ig. <.> 0ig. <.? 0ig. <.;

(avelet signal 1caling image

CHAPTER /

+(TROD-CT+O(

CHAPTER 8

M+MO S*STEMS

CHAPTER 3

FAD+() CHA((E'S

CHAPTER 1

S*STEM MODE'

CHAPTER <

S+M-'AT+O( RES-'TS

CHAPTER =

CO(C'-S+O( 9 F-T-RE SCOPE

REFERE(CES

APPE(D+D