Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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PROJECT REPORT ON:
“INDIAN RAILWAYS”
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2
1 INTRODUCTION 4
2 NINE ZONES OF INDIAN RAILWAYS 5
3 ORGANIZATION OVERVIEW 6
4 HISTORY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS 7
5 MISCELLANEOUS FACTS 8
6 STORY OF CONVERTABILITY FROM LOSS EARNER TO PROFIT 10
E ARNER
7 LOCOS AND COACHES MANUFACTURING UNITS 11
8 PROBLEM OF INDIAN RAILWAYS 12
9 HIGHLIGHTS OF INDIAN RAILWAYS BUDGET 2006-07 13
10 CONCLUSION 19
11 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES 20
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Today,
Energy resource,
Telecommunication
Transport
Are the basic infrastructural requirement which acts as and indicator to the growth
of any Economy. Transport includes road transport, air transport, water transport and rail
transport. Transport provides useful link between production centre, distribution areas
and ultimate consumer. If we talk about inland transport mode than the one biggest
transport industry comes in the mind the – railways. We can not ignore the contribution
of the railway to the growth of the economy with its incredible services like mobility of
various commodities and passengers.
It is a hazardous to imagine Indian economy without railway. We always fill
proudly and happy when we think that our Indian railway Asia’s first and worlds second
largest after the Russia under the single management. We may also fill amazing by
knowing that Indian railway is world’s largest employment provider organization.
There are cities like Mumbai and Delhi where railway service is treats life line of cities.
In Mumbai local trains services are popular and in Delhi metro train services are popular.
In Mumbai every day local trains carries 90 lakhs passengers. That means if local trains
stop, Mumbai also stop.
So, we can understand the important of railway for a country like India.
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CHAPTER 2
Western railway,
Central railway,
Eastern railway,
Northern railway,
North eastern railway,
Northeast frontier,
Southern railway,
South central railway
South eastern railway
Covering the largest route length of over 63,000 kms of total Indian boundary.
The last station of the four directional boundaries is West-Mumbai, South-
Kanyakumari, East - Guwahati, North-Jammu. It is the most convenient way of traveling
if you are traveling on a budget.
The railway has one of the most efficient communication systems between two
stations.
Following are the table which is showing the nine zones of Indian railway and their
headquarters as well as their length
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CHAPTER 3
ORGANIZATION OVERVIEW
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CHAPTER 4
HISTORY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS
In the year 1832 the first railway running on steam engine, was launched in
England. Thereafter in may 1843 a young engineer graham Clark got down from a ship
harbored at Mumbai (then Bombay). He was sent to India at the insistence of the textile
industrialist of Manchester , Lancashire, Liverpool, in England to find out how and in
which part of India a railway can be built which would be useful transport cheap cotton
from Indian hinterland first to Bombay harbor and then from there to England by ship.
Thereafter on 1st of august, 1849 the great Indian peninsular railways company was
established in India. On 17th of august 1849, a contract was signed between the great
Indian peninsular railway company and east India Company.
As a result of contract an experiment was made by laying a railway track between
Bombay to thane (56 kms).
On 16 th April, 1853 the first train service was started from Victoria terminus
(CST) to thane carrying 400 people in 14 carriages, covered 21 mile (34 kms) at 3.35
PM. the time taken by the 75 minute. This is not first in India but also in Asia.
On 15 th august 1854 the second train service commenced between Howrah and
Hubli.On 1st July, 1856, the third train service in India and first in south India
commenced between Vyasarpadi and Walajah road and on the same day the section
between Vyasarpadi and Royapuram by Madras Railway Company was also opened.
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CHAPTER 5
SOME MISCELLANEOUS FACTS ABOUT INDIAN RAILWAYS.
SOME FACTS:
The first electric train was opened in February 1925 on Mumbai suburban
railway on Mumbai Victoria Terminus (VT) – Kurla branch line.
The Indian railway largest in the Asia and second largest in the world after
the USSR.
The longest rail bridge is across Godavari River. The length is 10,052 feet.
The third class in the Indian railway was abolished in 1974. Now there are
seven classes- AC-1st, AC-2T, AC-3T, Sleeper, AC chair car, first class and
second class.
Railway set up a fund in 1974 to give financial assistance to victims of
railway accidents.
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As per the latest data Indian railway have more then 1.5 million employees
The Indian railways have 7,817 engine, 46,119 coaches and 2, 28,170
wagons.
The steam engines are being phased out and diesel and electric locomotives
are being introduced. As on 31st march 2004 there were 45 steam, 4,769
diesel and 3003 electric locomotives.
India’s first metro railway was opened in kolkata on 24th October, 1984.
A new rail coach to run at a speed of 160 km per hour but 25% lighter than
the conventional bogies has been developed by rail coach factory,
Kapurthala.
On November 23, 1999, after a gap of 25 years a direct train link with
Bangladesh was reopened.
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CHAPTER 6
STORY OF
CONVERTABILITY FROM LOSS EARNERS TO PROFIT EARNERS
Indian railways are managed under public sector. The primary objective of
Indian railway is to provide welfare to the societies. For the long period of time
in the past railway was suffering from huge losses.
But from last two years this railway became a profitability undertaking. This sudden
change has attracted the attention of whole managers and various economists. That how it
may be possible? This magical incident becomes possible due to following reasons:
The diesel locomotive works at Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) went into production of
diesel engines in 1964.
Diesel component works has been set up at Patiala for the manufacture of
components for diesel locos and important sub-assemblies.
In order to prevent drain of foreign exchange on import of wheels and axles for
the railway, a wheel & axles plant was set up at Yelahanka, Bangalore in 1984.
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CHAPTER 8
In spite of all various advantage and specialties, we can not ignore that there are many
serious drawback of Indian railways. They are as follows:
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CHAPTER 9
HIGHLIGHTS OF INDIAN RAILWAYS BUDGET 2006-07
record breaking performance in the first nine months of the year 2005-06
Growth in freight loading and revenues is 10% and over 18% respectively.
Loading target increased from 635 mt to 668 mt ands freight revenue target
increased from Rs 33,480 Cr to Rs 36,490 Cr.
Tenth plan target of 624 mt and 396 billion tonne kilometers to be surpassed
one year in advance.
Passengers earnings, other coaching earnings and sundry others earning
increased by 19% and 56% respectively over previous year.
Ordinary working expenses to increase by Rs 1,200 Cr.
Likely end year fund balance Rs 11,280 Cr.
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Policy of leasing out panty cars and catering units at large stations through open
bids to continue.
Capacity utilization of parcel business to be improved.
Parcels can be loaded and unloaded at all stations where the half is 5 minutes or
more and the leaseholders can themselves prepare the loading manifest.
150 kg ceiling for booking luggage in the brake vans removed.
Year 2006 declared as the year of passenger services with a smile strategy to shrink
queues at booking counters. –
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Overaged tracks and bridges and track circuiting work on all stations on A, B
and C routes to be completed by march 2007.
Balance work under SRSF to be completed by March 2008.
Renewal of asset becoming due after 2001 being sanctioned on a concurrent
basis and executed.
Number of consequential accidents comes down from 473 in 2001 to 234 in
2004-05.
Increase in contribution to the staff benefit Fund for the next year – nearly nine
fold.
100 community halls to be constructed.
While away from headquarter, food to be made available to running staff during
duty hours at nominal rates.
Quality shoes, socks, gloves, uniform, necessary implements to all gang men or
key men.
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Maximum age limit to SC/ST/Backward Class categories candidates extended
by a year (from 3rd February 2006).
9.12 CONCESSIONS:
50% concession in second class fares to farmer and milk producers for travel to
institutes of national level in other parts of the country for the purpose of
training/learning better agriculture practices and dairy farming announced
earlier extended to sleeper class.
50% concession in second class and sleeper class fares to persons who have lost
their limbs in accidents or due to any other causes, for travel to institute of
national level, for transplantation of artificial limbs along with one attendant.
9.17 PROJECTS:
Targets for 2006-07 include over 550 kms of new lines, over 1100 kms of
Gauge conversion and 435 kms of doubling.
Surveys to be taken up: 23 new lines, 1 gauge conversion and 8 doubling.
Freight loading target at 726 million tones and freight output at 479 btkms.
Revenues in freight , passenger, other coaching and sundry other earning
segments to be Rs. 40,320 Cr. , Rs. 16,800 Cr., Rs. 1400 Cr. And Rs. 1308Cr.
Respectively.
Gross Traffic Receipts (GTR) to be Rs. 59,978 Cr.
Ordinary Working Expenses to be Rs. 38,300 Cr.
Appropriation to Pension Fund and DRF to be Rs. 7,790 Cr. And Rs. 4,307 Cr.
Respectively.
Operating ratio expected to be 84.3% in 2006-07.
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Passenger tariff structure rationalized so that the fares of AC first and AC second
class will be 11.5 times and 6.5 times the second class fare, respectively.
Reduction in AC -1 fare by 18% and AC -2 fare by 10%.
Fully air – conditioned Garib Rath to be run on a pilot project basis initially with
four pairs of services, fares about 25%lower than present AC-3 tier far
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CHAPTER 10
CONCLUSION
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Name of Country Total Rly.(Length) Electrified Network % Electrified
kms (kms)
Switzerland 3284 3057 93
Japan 12668 8939 71
Sweden 11797 7440 63
Italy 16146 10030 62
Germany 40710 16202 40
France 34837 12611 36
Russia 88716 38600 43
Ukraine 22631 8348 37
U.K. 16938 4911 29
Portugal 3068 2132 69
South Africa 20319 8976 44
India 63140 16986 27
China 61539 16000 26
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CHAPTER 11
11.1 BOOKS:
11.2 WEBSITES:
http://www.indianrail.gov.in
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_railways
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com
http://www.trainweb.org/indiarail
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