Improving Utilization of Infrastructure Clouds

A Project Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of

Master degree
in

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

By
M.SAI SRAVANTHI

(10N31F0032)

Under the noble guidance of

B.LALU
Designation

Department Master Of Computer Applications

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
ACCREDITED by AICTE-NBA
Maisammaguda, Dhulapally post, Secunderabad-500014.
Batch: 2010-2013

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project entitled Improving Utilization of Infrastructure
Clouds

submitted to Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology,

affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad (JNTUH) for

the award of the degree in Master of Computer Applications is a result of project
work done by me.
It is further declared that the project report or any part of project has not been
previously submitted to any University or Institute for the award of Master degree .

M.SAI SRAVANTHI
(10N31F0032)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this is the bonafide record of the project titled Improving Utilization
of Infrastructure Clouds

is submitted by M.SAI SRAVANTHI - (10N31F0032) of MCA

in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of computer
applications, Dept. of MCA during the year 2013. The results embodied in this project
report have not been submitted to any other university or institute for the award of any
degree or diploma.

B.LALU
INTERNAL GUIDE

M.SAIDI REDDY
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I offer my sincere gratitude to my internal guide Mrs/Mr.
Name, Assistant Professor of Master of computer applications who has supported me
throughout this project with her/his patience and valuable suggestions.
I would like to express my gratitude to M.SAIDI REDDY Head of the
Department of Master Of Computer Applications for his support and valuable
suggestions during the project work.
I would like to thank xxxxxxx Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA for their
valuable guidance and encouragement during my project work.
I am also grateful to the Principal Dr.V.S.K. Reddy for providing me with all the
resources in the college to make my project a success. I thank him for his valuable
suggestions at the time of seminars which encouraged me to give my best in the project.
I would also like to thank all the supporting staff of the Dept. of MCA and all
other departments who have been helpful directly or indirectly in making the project a
success.
I am extremely grateful to my parents for their blessings and prayers for my
completion of project that gave me strength to do my project.
.
M.SAI SRAVANTHI (10N31F0032)

ABSTRACT
Image Recognition is an important aspect of Digital Image Processing that
provides innumerable applications in the fields of security, databases and retrieval. Our
project aims to create an efficient and flexible system that can recognize and categorize
any image given to it as an input by the user in a dynamic environment.
Principal Component Analysis is a tool popularly used in data analysis. It
combines concepts from statistics and mathematics and results in an algorithm that
successfully reduces the size of the image data while simultaneously summarizing the
co variances or invariant characteristics of the image into a single principal
component.
Having derived the principal component, we now proceed to compare the input
image with the images in the database assuming that their principal components have
already been extracted. The comparison is performed by making use of the Least Mean
Square algorithm.
All the above concepts were implemented in the C language keeping in view the
eventual implementation of the code. Further enhancements to the developed code are in
the pipeline keeping in view the need for a user friendly, quick and efficient application.

CONTENTS
Abstract
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Abbreviations

iii
x
xiii
xiv

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIP

1.1

What is DIP?
3

1.2

1.3

1.4

Digital Image Representation

1.2.1 Sampling & Quantization

1.2.2 Coordinate Convention

1.2.3 Image as Matrices

Image Types

1.3.1 Gray scale image

1.3.2 Binary image

1.3.3 Color (RGB) image

Image Formats

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY

13

2.1

14

CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM ANALYSIS

3.1

31

What is a Neural Network?

32

3.1.1 Biological Neural Network

32

3.1.2 Artificial Neural Network

34

3.2

Why use Neural Network?

36

3.3

Basic Building Block of Artificial Neural Network

36

3.3.1 Network Architecture

36

3.3.2 Setting the Weights

40

3.3.3 Activation Function

41

Learning Paradigm

42

3.4

3.4.1 Supervised Learning

42

3.4.2 Unsupervised Learning

43

3.5

Feed forward Neural Network

43

3.6

The Back Propagation Algorithm

46

CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM DESIGN

48

CHAPTER 5: IMPLEMENTATION

52

CHAPTER 6: OUPUT SCREENS

89

CHAPTER 7: TESTING

93

CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION

93

CHAPTER 9: FUTURE SCOPE

APPENDIX

96

BIBLIOGRAPHY

98