Akbari (Eng 3302 Unit 1 Rough Draft) 1 Samuel Chandler English 3302 Tom Akbai Unit 1 Rough Draft

13 January 2014 The Future of Wireless Networking With the establishment of smart phones and other reliable wireless communication devices, wireless networking has proved worthy of providing connectivity to people and devices around the world. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 states that the government must back the modernization of national electricity transmission1. With this act in place, the government has given support to projects like the Smart Grid and the Internet of Things. The Smart Grid Project offers the next step for the nations power distribution by connecting all devices in a network that will optimize power dissipation. This means that house hold electrical appliances will all be connected over a network that will share one central information data base. A house can then allocate power in an efficient manner with smart meters. With the development of this Smart Grid, new technologies have to be adopted to support a huge network. Appliances will be required to constantly transmit and receive data in order to keep up with power optimization. This presents a problem because it means that the energy demand of smart appliances will go up with constant data transmission. A solution to this problem lies in compressive sensing. The idea of compressive sensing in a smart grid wireless network means that much of the redundant signals will be discarded and thus energy will be saved. A technical paper discussing the feasibility of compressive sensing, specifically its niche in smart meters, Compressive sensing for Smart Grid Wireless Network by Wei Song, Baoju Zhang and Xiaorong Wu is a valuable source coming from the College of Physics and Electronic Information in Normal University. The paper divulges into the basics of compressive sensing and how previous smart grid feasibility issues are solved with it 3(p. 179). Compressive sensing is sampling signals at a reduced rate with possible error that will be fixed after reconstruction . This goes against one of the most fundamental theories in signal processing; the
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Akbari (Eng 3302 Unit 1 Rough Draft) 2 Nyquiest-Shannon sampling theorem states the reconstruction of a signal is only possible when it is sampled at twice its maximum frequency .Most electronics used today are based off of this theorem and this is one of the reasons that ideas similar to the smart grid did not seem feasible. Compressive sensing addresses the following specific issues previously found in the smart grid idea2. Smart Meters integrate more new features, so it acquires not only active power data but also voltage, current, grid frequency, power factor, harmonic components, etc. smart meter must acquire the data with the high sampling rate that results in the generation of high volumes of data The network Architectures need every smart meter to have enough transmission power so that the information can be sent. The amount of power required wastes more energy in comparison to the overall savings of a smart grid network 3(p. 180). Figure 2 from Compressive Sensing or Smart Grid Wireless Network by Wei Song, Baoju Zhang and Xiorong Wu shows a possible circuit for the massive amounts of data a smart meter will be managing3(Fig. 2). The circuit is capable of acquiring instantaneous voltage, instantaneous current, phase, frequency and power calculations
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. The bottom half of the circuit labeled with 15 and 16 is used to

process the voltage as well as the current. The top half of the circuit labeled 9 and 10 is used to process the signals and data coming in.

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Using 4 different transforms of an example signal root mean square of current shows that the majority of the signal a transform has a value of zero
3(Figs. 3,4)

It is possible to eliminate zeroes of this transform if we make some known assumptions about the signal that we are sampling. The following steps from Compressive Sensing or Smart Grid Wireless

Akbari (Eng 3302 Unit 1 Rough Draft) 4 Network by Wei Song, Baoju Zhang and Xiorong Wu are an example of what a smart meter would do when obtaining data from a signal
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Step 1: Obtain the original data x from the smart meter Obtain data from a signal coming into the smart meter. Step 2: Perform the four different algorithms to signal x, to get the sparse signal and observe the sparsity of the data. Perform the 4 different transforms done previously to the example signal root mean square of current. This is shown in figure 4 from Compressive Sensing or Smart Grid Wireless Network by Wei Song, Baoju Zhang and Xiorong Wu Step 3: Use a random measurement matrix to compress the original signal x and get the compressed data y Use a matrix to compress the data from the signal. Step 4: Recover the sparse from y using OMP recovery algorithms. Fix any signal anomalies using the orthogonal matching pursuit recovery algorithms. This is shown in figure 5 Step 5: Get the recovered signal X using the inverse transform This is shown in figure 5 Step 6: Compare the signal to noise ratio of the original signal x and recovered x.

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The smart grid network is evidently the future of how national facilities and homes will operate. With new technology such as smart meters using compressive sensing, the feasibility of futuristic smart grid networking ideas have become not only possible, but probable. Government backing, and The

Akbari (Eng 3302 Unit 1 Rough Draft) 6 Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 demonstrate the seriousness of the smart grid future. Other similar projects, such as the Internet of Things, ad to the validity of the Smart Grid and show a network of interwoven projects meticulously planned to be destined as a future part of the world. As a young Electrical Engineer, it is important that I am part of this technological discourse community by keeping up with technical papers like the one written by Wei Song, Baoju Zhang and Xiaorong Wu. Projects with governmental approval and backing are particularly important to pay attention to. Those projects are paving the path that the technological world will follow in my future. The futuristic importance of my Profession is vitally important. I need to understand that the profession I intend to succeed in has futuristic applications and a dedicated spot in my future working life.

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WORKS CITED 1.Davenport M. 2013 February 11. Compressive Sensing [Internet]. IEEE Signal Processing Society; [2013 April 12, cited 2014 Jan 12] . Available from: http://www.brainshark.com/brainshark/brainshark.net/portal/title.aspx?pid=zCdz10BfTRz0z0 2.Emerging Technology From the arXiv . 2009 March 17. Why compressive sensing will change the world [Internet]. MIT Technology Review; [cited 2014 Jan 12] Available from: http://www.technologyreview.com/view/412593/why-compressive-sensing-will-change-the-world/ 3.Song W, Zhang B, Wu X. 2013. Compressive Sensing or Smart Grid Wireless Network . Ad Hoc and Sensor Wireless Networks [Internet]. [cited 2014 Jan 12] Vol 20. Available from: http://web.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=1551 9899&AN=91813578&h=%2fsaOrBW8C%2b%2fs8A1Ayv0NegwpddDBHerQ2CMUstzgBf77tlQLRgS wNp1AEYF5REh2D6pCIgxvswzsO61jD7tMlQ%3d%3d&crl=c

Akbari (Eng 3302 Unit 1 Rough Draft) 8 To: Samuel Chandler From: Cecil Alfaro Date: January 14, 2014 Subject: Unit 1 Rough Draft Revision

Sam, The article is definitively talking about an important topic on your field; it is also a topic that would be very popular on the coming years. Now, I think that you can give us a little bit more of judgment, as I was reading it was hard to stay focused, sometimes the article gets extremely technical. For example on the part where you write down the steps of what a smart meter would do after receiving data. Another piece of advice is to arrange the pictures in a way that the reader could tell what is the picture referring to. Maybe write an explanation on the bottom of it. Have you considered having fewer pictures? I feel like rather than helping, the pictures are breaking the flow of the article. If you want this article to be read by non-electrical engineering readers then you should consider removing the diagram that explains the circuit, very few people will understand it. You did great on the citations, just make sure to use quotation marks ( ) when needed, see comment number four. The few judgments you have are very well supported, especially the one on comment number five, because you use an established theorem. Also the first judgment on the importance of the article, see comment number three, is very well supported. Finally, consider rewording most of the sentences on your last paragraph, it seems like hard to understand what they mean and it is a very important part of your essay.

Good luck! Cecil Alfaro