India

Imports: CIF, by origin

Exports: FOB, by last known destination

Trade System: General

Overview:
In 2012, the value of exports of India decreased by 4.0 percent to reach 289.6 bln US$ (see table 1 and graph 1). Imports, on the other hand,
increased by 5.7 percent and amounted to 489.0 bln US$ (see table 2 and graph 1). The trade balance recorded a deficit of 199.4 bln US$ in
2012 (see graph 1). By MDG regions, major trade deficits were recorded with Western Asia (-72.6 bln US$), Eastern Asia (-46.0 bln US$) and
Developed Europe (-33.6 bln US$) (see graph 2). A surplus of 12.5 bln US$ was recorded by Developed North America. India's imports and
exports were well diversified across partners: in 2012, 23 major partners accounted for 80 percent of imports and even the top 25 partners
could not account for 80 percent of exports (see graph 3).

Graph 1: Total imports, exports and trade balance

(Bln US$ by year)
Exports

400

Imports

Trade Balance

300

Table 1: Exports by SITC sections

(Value in million US$, growth and shares in percentage)
SITC
Total
0+1
2+4
3
5
6
7
8
9

200
100
0
100
200

2012

289 564.8
27 968.0
20 015.2
54 377.1
34 502.4
67 158.3
39 728.6
43 174.3
2 640.9

Avg. Growth rates (%)

2008-2012 2011-2012

12.3
13.9
11.8
13.4
14.0
7.8
12.7
18.6
-2.1

-4.0
15.6
14.2
-3.8
10.4
-11.3
-5.2
7.9
-81.5

2012
share

100.0
9.7
6.9
18.8
11.9
23.2
13.7
14.9
0.9

300
400

12

11

20

10

20

09

20

08

20

07

20

06

20

05

20

04

20

03

20

02

20

01

20

00

20

99

20

19

19

98

500

Exports Profile:
Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material (SITC section 6), mineral fuels,
lubricants and related materials (SITC section 3) and miscellaneous manufactured
articles (SITC section 8) were the largest commodity groups for exports in 2012 (see
table 1). They accounted respectively for 23.2, 18.8 and 14.9 percent of exports. The
three major partners for exports were USA, United Arab Emirates and China (see
table 4). From 2010 to 2012, top export commodities were petroleum oils, other than
crude (HS code 2710), diamonds, whether or not worked, but not mounted or set (HS
code 7102) and articles of jewellery and parts thereof, of precious metal (HS code
7113) (see table 3).

Table 2: Imports by SITC sections

(Value in million US$, growth and shares in percentage)
SITC
Total
0+1
2+4
3
5
6
7
8
9

2012

488 976.4
6 418.1
36 729.5
185 676.6
44 501.6
53 931.4
79 004.6
18 076.0
64 638.5

Avg. Growth rates (%)

2008-2012 2011-2012

11.6
13.6
17.1
12.5
6.7
9.0
5.1
23.0
19.8

5.7
11.7
13.8
18.0
5.4
-22.2
3.0
34.4
-1.1

2012
share

100.0
1.3
7.5
38.0
9.1
11.0
16.2
3.7
13.2

Table 3: Top 10 export commodities 2010 to 2012

(Value in million US$)
Value (million US$)
Unit value
SITC
4-digit heading of Harmonized System 2007
code
2010
2011
2012
2010 2011 2012
Unit
All Commodities............................................................................................................ 220 408.5 301 483.3 289 564.8
2710 Petroleum oils, other than crude................................................................................... 36 641.3 54 611.1 52 763.9
0.9 0.9 US$/kg 334
7102 Diamonds, whether or not worked, but not mounted or set......................................... 22 269.7 32 224.7 22 353.5
457.1 367.2 US$/carat 667
7113 Articles of jewellery and parts thereof, of precious metal...........................................
7 833.7 14 381.8 18 201.6
0.2 25.3 thsd US$/kg 897
9999 Commodities not specified according to kind...............................................................
931
4 229.5 13 865.6
2 527.2
3004 Medicaments (excluding goods of heading 30.02, 30.05 or 30.06)..............................
5 151.3
7 003.4
8 404.5
18.1 26.1 US$/kg 542
2601 Iron ores and concentrates, including roasted iron pyrites...........................................
6 146.9
4 159.3
2 425.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 US$/kg 281
1006 Rice................................................................................................................................
2 295.8
4 073.3
6 128.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 US$/kg 042
8703 Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport...............
4 510.6
3 624.9
4 238.2 8.8 4.4 2.1 thsd US$/unit 781
8517 Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy............................................
764
1 965.1
4 539.0
3 810.5
5201 Cotton, not carded or combed.......................................................................................
2 973.0
3 389.0
3 647.1 1.4 1.8 1.9 US$/kg 263
HS
code

Source: UN Comtrade

India
Graph 2: Trade Balance by MDG Regions in 2012

Graph 3: Partner concentration of trade in 2012

(Bln US$)

(Cumulative share by ranked partners)

Developed AsiaPacific

Imports
(Herfindahl Index = 0.042)

Developed Europe

Exports
(Herfindahl Index = 0.047)

Top
partner

Developed N. America

Top
partner

Southeastern Europe
5 th

5 th

10 th

10 th

15 th

15 th

20 th

20 th

25 th

25 th

CIS
Northern Africa
SubSaharan Africa
Latin Am, Caribbean
Eastern Asia
Southern Asia
Southeastern Asia

(Value in million US$, percentages of country total)

Country
World...............................
USA..................................
United Arab Emirates......
China................................
Singapore........................
China, Hong Kong SAR....
Netherlands.....................
Saudi Arabia....................
United Kingdom...............
Germany..........................
Japan...............................

Total

0+1 2+4

Shares by SITC sections (%)

5
6
7
8

289 564.8 9.7 6.9 18.8 11.9 23.2 13.7 14.9

37 170.7 4.7 15.4 3.3 16.7 30.2 11.9 17.6
35 781.4 5.4 0.9 18.2 2.8 19.6 8.0 45.1
14 729.3 1.9 46.1 2.3 13.5 27.6 5.5 2.9
13 552.7 2.3 0.3 60.3 7.3 5.6 18.8 4.7
11 940.4 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.9 72.0 2.7 21.6
9 466.4 4.1 3.5 55.9 8.8 6.9 11.8 8.9
8 546.7 16.3 1.3 47.0 6.6 13.9 9.5 5.4
8 100.2 7.7 2.2 1.3 11.0 19.8 22.5 35.0
7 133.8 4.1 4.6 0.1 17.9 24.1 21.2 27.4
6 415.6 12.8 7.4 43.9 9.4 13.4 6.8 5.8

0.9
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.7
0.6

Total

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

0%
10

80

60

40

%
20

0%

%
20

Table 4: Exports by principal countries and SITC sections in 2012

40

60

80

10

0%

20

10

Oceania

Western Asia

Imports Profile:
In 2012, imports were composed of 38.0
percent mineral fuels, lubricants and related
materials (SITC section 3), 16.2 percent
machinery and transport equipment (SITC
section 7) and 13.2 percent commodities and
transactions not classified elsewhere (SITC
section 9) (see table 2). Over the last three
years, top imported products were petroleum
oils and oils obtained from bituminous
minerals, crude (HS code 2709), gold
(including gold plated with platinum) (HS
code 7108) and diamonds, whether or not
worked, but not mounted or set (HS code
7102) (see table 5).

Table 5: Top 10 import commodities 2010 to 2012

(Value in million US$)
Value (million US$)
Unit value
4-digit heading of Harmonized System 2007
2010
2011
2012
2010 2011 2012
Unit
All Commodities............................................................................................................ 350 029.4 462 402.8 488 976.4
2709 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude............................. 88 611.0 122 125.5 148 757.0 0.6 0.8 0.8 US$/kg
7108 Gold (including gold plated with platinum)................................................................... 38 352.4 53 685.5 52 606.8
49.6 53.5 thsd US$/kg
7102 Diamonds, whether or not worked, but not mounted or set......................................... 27 879.0 33 287.6 20 882.5
193.3 146.5 US$/carat
2701 Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal....................
9 379.8 14 623.2 15 148.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 US$/kg
9999 Commodities not specified according to kind...............................................................
8 785.3 11 687.1 12 031.3
8517 Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy............................................ 10 699.0 10 988.8
9 586.9
2711 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons......................................................
5 406.4 11 023.8 14 006.9
0.6 0.7 US$/kg
1511 Palm oil and its fractions...............................................................................................
4 494.0
6 739.9
7 896.4 0.8 1.1 1.0 US$/kg
2710 Petroleum oils, other than crude...................................................................................
5 785.0
7 353.3
5 172.4
1.0 1.0 US$/kg
2603 Copper ores and concentrates.......................................................................................
4 558.4
5 283.7
4 884.5 2.2 2.7 2.5 US$/kg
HS
code

Source: UN Comtrade

SITC
code
333
971
667
321
931
764
343
422
334
283