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Art & Emotion: Facial Expression in the Portrait Jenette Noe, April 13, 2014, Spring 2010, Introduction to Teaching Middleton 7th Grade Art Khappuccino. Facial Expression Video Tutorial. YouTube. 9 May 2010. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrgNKGjSyxA> Kimosh, Jan. Faces Tell Feelings Part 2 Observations. Learn NC. 9 May 2010. <http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/3941?ref=search> Kimosh, Jan. Faces Tell Feelings Part 3 Drawing facial expressions. Learn NC. 9 May 2010. <http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/3332> Kimosh, Jan. Faces Tell Feelings Part 6 Emotions Collage. Learn NC. 9 May 2010. <http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/3560?ref=search> Emotion and Facial Expression. Human Face. <http://www.face-and-emotion.com/dataface/emotion/expression.jsp> Gallery. Faustwork Mask Theatre. <http://www.faustwork.com/site/ index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50&Itemid=68>

Rationale:
To point out the features of the face which distinguish different emotions, and apply knowledge of these features to drawing facial expressions in the portrait. Because the students previously learned how to draw self-portraits and make plaster masks, learning about drawing emotions in the face combines knowledge of the face with the exaggerated emotions displayed by masks.

State Standards Addressed:

Principle 1: Knowledge of Subject Matter Principle 4: Multiple Instructional Strategies Principle 7: Instructional Planning Skills

Introduction:
Students will be sitting at desks at the beginning of class. While they listen to the announcements for the beginning of the day, the teacher will distribute necessary materials. When the announcements have finished, the teacher will move to the front of the class and verbally call them to attention. I would like a volunteer please, raise your hand if you would like to help. The teacher will choose one volunteer to come to the front of the room. The teacher will whisper to the student and request him or her to show the class an angry face. What expression is this person showing? Please raise your hand. The teacher will take student suggestions, who will quickly recognize the emotion anger. Yes, [name] is demonstrating the emotion anger. We were able to intuitively recognize and label this emotion. What clues led you to this conclusion?

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Downturned mouth, squinted eyes, eyebrows pressed down and together, creases in the forehead facial feature position/shape [Slide 2] Our ability to recognize emotion is something that we dont think about. Today we are going to slow down and think about how we identify emotion. [Slide 3] Earlier in the year you learned how to draw a self-portrait. Portraits are usually neutral expressions or smiling, happy expressions. In comparison the plaster masks you just finished often exaggerate emotions of the face. Today I will teach you how to convey emotions in the portraits you draw.

Assessing Students Prior Knowledge:

[Slide 4] Before we move on, we should review how to draw a portrait. Would anyone like to share how to begin? Through guided instruction the class will very briefly go over how to draw the face, beginning with guide lines and then filling in eyes, nose, mouth, ears, etc. 1. Sketch an oval 2. Lightly sketch in guide lines A. Vertical line B. Horizontally divide face in half (eye/brow) C. Divide lower portion in half (nose) D. Divide in half again (mouth)

Goal(s) or Key Concept(s):

1. The most important parts of the face to draw in a portrait (eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth). 2. How movements of eyebrows, eyes, nose and mouth of the face can change emotion expression. 3. How exaggeration and symbolism can assist in depicting emotions.

Objectives:
Content: 1. Students will be able to locate the four key parts of the face in depicting emotion. 2. Students will be able to give examples of how to depict five different emotions by manipulating the position and shape of the eyebrows, eyes, nose and mouth.

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3. (Time permitting) Students will be able to analyze three different sample expressions and interpret/identify what emotion is depicted according to the facial features of the sample. Skills/Performance: 1. Students will be able to design a portrait of one emotion of their choice, with the assistance of the teacher and peers, applying their knowledge from the days presentation.

Materials:
PowerPoint Presentation Art and Emotion: Facial expression in the portrait Presentation follow along worksheet Pencils Paper Mirrors (Time permitting) Emotion samples evaluation sheet

Activities:
Instructor: Slide 5: Facial Features As we discovered earlier, we identify emotion on the face according to facial features. The four most important parts of the face in portraying emotion are the eyebrows, the eyes, the nose, and the mouth. Slide 6: Eyebrows First well take a look at eyebrows. When you watch your favorite cartoon shows or animated movies, did you ever notice that animals are given eyebrows? The animators do this so that the animals can better express emotions. Eyebrows are one of the most important features in expressing emotion, as well see later. Slide 7: Eyes Eyes, the next feature of the face, are very expressive. As artists, we can change the size and shape of the eye, as well as the pupils, to convey different emotions. For example, if any of you enjoy Manga, you may have noticed the wide range of eyes that the Japanese use in this style. They recognize the importance of eyes in emotion. Slide 8: Nose Although you might think that the nose doesnt play an important part in expressing emotion, it can help in minor ways. Pay attention to the nostrils. Are they flared? Check the bridge of the nose, between the eyes. Are there creases here? Slide 9: Mouth Finally is the mouth. The shape and placement of the mouth is very important to emotion. For example, most of you are probably familiar with what are called emoticons. These text combinations symbolize emotions. This set here shows a range of emotion just by changing the mouth. The eyes are the same in every one. Only the mouth changes, but each simple change expresses a completely different emotion!

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Check for Understanding: Before I move on, are there any questions? Slide 10: Emotions Im going to show you how to use the eyebrows, eyes, nose, and mouth in your drawings to capture five different emotions. These basic emotions are happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and surprise. Slide 11: Neutral This is what I call a neutral face. The features are symmetrical and level, making the face very blank and expressionless. This will be our base face. All the emotions I will show you today are variations from this neutral face. Slide 12: Happiness This picture is of a happy boy. The corners of his mouth pull up and out toward his ears, creating a smile with lines around the mouth. Happy smiles may show the teeth or may be closelipped. The act of smiling presses his cheeks upward, which make the eyes squint somewhat. You can tell if a smile is genuine by noticing if the eyes squint. A genuine smile may also create creases by the eyes, next to the temples. Change picture: By focusing on these changes you can create a simple drawing that captures the essence of the emotion. Slide 13: Sadness Next is sadness. This girl is demonstrating a classical sad pout. Notice how her lips are turned slightly down, with the bottom lip pressing slightly upward. Because her jaw is pressing up it creates a noticeable crease under her lip. Her nose stays the same while her eyes can be neutral or slightly squinted. The inner part of the eyebrow will raise up, created upward angled eyebrows. Change picture: Here I have taken the key features and simplified them into lines that demonstrate sadness in a drawing. Learning probe: Now that weve seen happiness and sadness, lets contrast the two. What are some differences you see? Please raise your hand to answer. upturned vs. downturned mouth, smile lines and happy squinting eyes Slide 14: Anger Here is a photo that shows the emotion anger. See how her eyebrows have come down and inward? In this picture her lips are closed, but the lips may be opened in rage. Change picture: Here I have created a drawing of the angry girl. Change picture: For a more forceful anger, rage, you might want to draw something like this man. His eyebrows are pressed down and together, much like what we saw on the girl. In contrast, his mouth is wide open, as if he were screaming or snarling. Notice the strong lines around his mouth, his eyes, on his nose, and on his forehead. Change picture: These lines should be included in a portrait of anger. Check for understanding: Does anyone have any questions before I move on? Slide 15: Fear Fear is the next important emotion. Notice how her eyebrows have pressed inward at the same time they pressed upward. This creates deep creases between the brows and on the forehead.

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You can emphasize the angle of the eyebrows by focusing on the creases of the eyelids. The eyes should be wide enough to show plenty of the whites. Typically the mouth will be open in fear, as if to scream. The corners of the mouth should be pulled back and down, creating a sideways D shape. Change picture: Here is a drawing based upon the photo of the woman. Notice the main parts we focused on create the important lines of the drawing. Slide 16: Surprise Our final emotion is surprise. Notice how wide the boys eyes are, with much of the whites showing around the irises. The eyebrows have shot upwards, and are very high on the face. His mouth is open in surprise, creating an O shape. Notice the boys nostrils. They flared with his surprised reaction. Change picture: Here you can see a drawing of surprise, with all the important changes to the eyebrows, eyes, nose, and mouth. Learning probe: Now that weve seen fear and surprise, did you notice any similarities? wide open eyes showing whites, open mouth, upward angled eyebrows Slide 17: Exaggeration & Symbols In addition to facial features, symbols and exaggeration can be used if youre not worried about a realistic drawing. Here are some ways you can emphasize the emotion you want to portray:
1. Happiness: suns, stars, flowers

2. Sadness: teardrops 3. Anger: steam/smoke, sharp teeth 4. Fear: sweat drops, shiver lines, tiny pupils 5. Surprise: exclamation points, question marks, mismatched eyes Are there any more questions? Students: Students will sit in their seats at the beginning of class. After announcements have finished, the presentation will begin. One student will be chosen as a volunteer to demonstrate an angry face. The remaining students will be guided by the instructor to the conclusion of anger. Prompted by the instructor, students will raise their hands to explain how they recognized anger. During the presentation students will sit in their seats and listen to the instructor while filling in the blanks of a follow-along worksheet (passed out at the beginning of class). They may at any time raise their hands to ask questions. When the instructor asks the students to compare and contrast different emotions, they will be asked to raise their hands for answers. After listening to the concluding directions, students will open up their sketchbooks to practice drawing an emotion of choice in the form of a portrait using pencils, mirrors, and the assistance of their peers.

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Differentiation:
Depending on the age, skill/experience level, and special needs of the students involved, this lesson may be adapted: 1. To include more practice time and require more emotion-portrait sketches 2. In complexity and realism (including shading), or simplicity and cartoonism 3. To include a larger drawing space for the practice emotion-portrait 4. To include a finalized emotion-portrait 5. To include color in the practice/final emotion-portrait

Evaluation/Assessments:
Students will be asked to turn in their follow along fill-in-the-blank worksheet that accompanied the presentation. Additionally, time permitting, students will fill out an evaluation quiz challenging them to identify the emotions of three different portrait samples using their new understanding of facial features and emotions. The quiz will consist of three sample drawings, each with a face expressing a different emotion. Under each sample will be a space for the student to label what emotion is expressed by the drawing.

Closing Activity/Summary:
Instructor: Now I would like you all to apply what youve learned about facial features and drawing emotions with some practice. Please listen to my instructions before you begin. In your sketchbooks I would like you to draw a portrait that demonstrates one of the five emotions we covered. You may choose any of the five that you want. There should be at least one mirror per table. Use these to help yourself capture the emotion you are trying to convey in the portrait. If you dont have a mirror to use, please help each other out by working in pairs or groups to take turns making faces of the emotion. In your emotion-portrait I want to see what you know about how the eyebrows, eyes, nose, and mouth influence emotion. If you have any questions, feel free to raise your hand and Ill come by to help you. You may now begin.