Professional Documents
Culture Documents
STOREY SHELTERS
CDSB
Contents
1.2 SS Position
The SS is to be positioned such that the distance from the SS walls to the external periphery of the building is as great as possible. Wherever possible, the SS should be positioned adjacent to the building staircase core or internal reinforced concrete walls. Each of the dwelling units served by the SS shall have at least one exit door at the same storey as the SS. The travel distance between the SS door and the exit door (at the same storey as the SS) of any dwelling unit served by the SS shall not exceed 40 metres. (Fig. 1.1)
1.3 SS Size
The SS size should be calculated on the basis of at least 0.80m2 per person. The nominal occupancy of various sizes of dwelling units used to calculate the minimum SS size is given in Table 1. Table 1: Nominal Occupancy of Dwelling Unit Gross Floor Area (GFA) of Dwelling Unit GFA =< 45m2 75m => GFA > 45m GFA > 140m
2 2 2
Its internal clear floor area shall be the product of 0.8m2 and the sum of the nominal SS occupancy loads of all the dwelling units served by the SS. For example, if the SS is to serve 2 dwelling units, one of GFA 44 m2 and the other of GFA 46 m2, then the minimum SS clear floor area to be provided shall be: 0.8 m2 x (2 + 3) = 4.0 m2 The maximum net area (excluding the walls) of the SS shall be 32m2.
a.)
Net opening dimension of SS door shall be: Door width - the minimum clear opening of the door way shall be 900mm measured between the face of the door and the face of the door stop with the door open at 90o. Door height - 1900mm For SS exceeding 4.8m2 (clear internal floor area), this Technical Requirements for Storey Shelter 1997 as stated herein shall apply.
1.5 SS Tower
The SS on every storey shall be located one on top of the other, to form a vertical SS tower with continuous walls as shown in Fig. 1.2.
1.7 Staircase
(applicable in a situation where there is only one staircase or scissor-staircase serving the storey where the SS is located) The staircase shall include strengthened reinforced concrete elements, designed so that the stability of the staircase shall be maintained in the event of damage to the surrounding structure.
2.1.2 SS Width
The minimum width (clear space excluding walls) of a SS shall be 1200mm.
2.1.3 SS Height
The minimum clear height of the SS (measured from the finished floor level to the soffit of the concrete slab above) shall be 2500mm. The clear height of the SS may be up to 4000mm but subject to the requirements as given in section 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 below.
Table 2.1: SS Clear Height and Required Setback Distance SS Clear Height (Ht) 2500mm =< Ht =< 2650mm 2650mm < Ht =< 3000mm 3000mm < Ht =< 3500mm 3500mm < Ht =< 4000mm Minimum Setback Distance 2200mm 2400mm 2600mm 2800mm
b.) The remaining SS walls are to be at least 6000mm from the external building line. In general, external building line refers to the edge line of the ceiling slab above the SS under consideration. For SS in single storey building, the external building line refers to the edge line of the roof above the SS under consideration.
Table 2.2: SS Clear Height and Required Wall Thickness SS Clear Height (Ht) Setback Distance of SS Wall from External Building Line Less than 6000mm but more than 2200mm 6000mm or more Less than 6000mm but more than 2400mm 6000mm or more Less than 6000mm but more than 2600mm 6000mm or more Less than 6000mm but more than 2800mm 6000mm or more Wall Thickness Required 300mm 250mm 300mm 250mm 300mm 250mm 325mm 275mm
The thickness for the common wall between two SSs shall be of minimum 150mm.
2.5.3 Lighting
The provision of the lighting shall comply with the following: a.) Luminaries shall be mounted only on the SS ceiling. Wall mountings are prohibited. b.) The luminaries shall be mounted with bolts/screws with plastic sleeves inserted in drilled holes.
2.5.4 Cables
All cables used in the SS shall be of the fire-retardant type.
1.2. The clear height of the non-SS units, except for the non-SS units at the 1st storey and basement level(s) (if any), in the tower for case B shall be of the same clear height as the SS units. For the non-SS units at the 1st storey and basement level(s) (if any), its clear height shall not exceed 4000mm (Cases C and D of Fig. 1.2).
The above requirements are also applicable for SS in Single Storey Buildings.
2.8 Fixtures
For peacetime use, only fixtures that are easily dismantled and removed are allowed. Refer to chapter 7 for guidelines on permitted and not permitted works in SS.
FIG. 2.6 REQUIREMENTS FOR STRENGTHENED CEILING IN THE ACCESS WAY TO THE SS (not to scale)
FIG. 2.8a MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OF RESCUE HATCH FROM SS WALL (not to scale)
FIG. 2.8b MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN CENTRE LINES OF RESCUE HATCHES (not to scale)
FIG. 2.12 CEILING SLAB OF THE TOP - MOST SS UNIT / SINGLE STOREY SS (not to scale)
3.1.2 Scope
The requirements here are applicable only to the design of a SS constructed from cast-in-situ reinforced concrete. The use of pre-stressed concrete in the construction of a SS is prohibited.
3.3.2 Concrete
The minimum grade of concrete in all reinforced concrete elements of a SS shall be Grade C30. The maximum shall be Grade C40. Only normal weight concrete shall be used.
3.4.4 Staircases
Each staircase serving the dwelling units of a storey shall be designed for a shock load equal to its characteristic dead weight multiplied by a partial safety load factor of 1.25 and acting in any direction. The staircase supports shall also be designed for this shock load.
3.5.2 Walls
Walls shall be designed in accordance with the provisions of BS 8110. However, all connections transmitting load to a wall shall be designed as fixed or partially restrained.
3.5.3 Bases
Bases shall be designed in accordance with the provision of BS 8110 subject to the following:
Footing is the preferred form of foundation for SS towers. A base or a pile cap is to be designed for the maximum load transferred to it. The service load on a base for the purposes of establishing soil bearing capacity or pile capacity is obtained by considering the effects of all relevant peacetime loads. Peacetime loads are considered in accordance with relevant codes.
3.6 Dimension and Reinforcement Amounts 3.6.1 Minimum Dimensions of Members 3.6.1.1 SS Tower
The minimum dimensions of members forming part of the SS tower shall be as follows (Fig. 3.3): a.) SS wall - see Table 2.2. b.) Wall common to two SSs - 150mm. c.) Intermediate slabs - 150mm. d.) Ceiling of top-most SS - 300mm e.) Floor of bottom-most SS - 200mm (if located at ground level) (Case A of Fig. 3.3) or 300 mm if located above ground level) (Case B of Fig. 3.3) f.) Walls beneath a SS or non-SS unit - thickness shall be at least that of the SS or non-SS unit under consideration.
Table 3.1: Minimum Reinforcement Amounts SS Clear Height (Ht) Wall Thickness Wall Reinforcement amount at inner face, top and bottom 1/3 effective span of the outer face of wall (both ways) T13-100 T13-100 T13-100 Wall Reinforcement amount at middle 1/3 effective span of the outer face of wall (both ways) T13-200 T13-200 T13-200
2500mm =< Ht =< 2650mm 2650mm < Ht =< 3000mm 3000mm < Ht =< 3500mm
275mm or T16-100 T16-200 3500mm < Ht =< 325mm 4000mm The effective span of the wall is defined as the distance between the centres of its lateral supports. b.) Intermediate slabs: Two reinforcement (top and bottom) of 10mm bars at 200mm spacing in both directions. c.) Ceiling of top-most SS: (1) Top slab reinforcement amount at middle 1/3 effective span of the ceiling - T13-200. (2) Slab reinforcement amounts at bottom of slab, top edge 1/3 effective spans of the ceiling - T13-100. d.) Floor of bottom-most SS: (1) Bottom slab reinforcement amount at middle 1/3 effective span of the slab - T13-200. (2) Slab reinforcement amounts at top of slab, bottom edge 1/3 effective spans of the slab - T13-100. e.) Walls beneath the SS perimeter walls: Same requirements as detailed in sections 3.6.2 (a) and 3.6.2 (b) above. f.) Shielding wall in front of SS door: Two reinforcement (one on each side of the wall) of 10mm bars at 200mm spacing in both directions. g.) Ceiling in front of the SS door: Same requirements as detailed in section 3.6.2(c) above. For steel with yield strength different than 460 N/mm and at the above specified distances the minimum reinforcement area shall be obtained by multiplying the reinforcement area of the above 10mm bars by a factor of fy/460. In all structural members, 50% of the reinforcement amount in the tension zone should be provided in the compression zone in the same cross-section.
3.8 Rescue Hatch and Access to Rescue Hatch 3.8.1 Rescue Hatch
The rescue hatch and its supports shall be designed to withstand a shock load of at least 10g in all directions.
Two layers of reinforcement, one at each facet shall be provided. Each layer shall consist of bars spanning in two perpendicular directions The minimum amount of each set of reinforcement shall be as detailed in section 3.6.2. 100% of the main tension reinforcement at mid-span shall be extended to the supports and properly anchored. The minimum amount of compressive reinforcement at a given section shall be at least 50% of the main tension reinforcement at the section. Links of minimum diameter 6mm at a maximum spacing of 600/600mm properly anchored around the bars of the two meshes shall be provided.
FIG. 3.1 INCAPACITATION OF PILE FOUNDATION UNDER THE SS TOWER (not to scale)
FIG. 3.2 INCAPACITATION OF PREFABRICATED SLABS ADJACENT TO THE SS TOWER (not to scale)
FIG. 3.4 TYPICAL DETAIL OF SLABS / WALLS [Bars Perpendicular To Section Not Shown] (not to scale)
FIG. 3.6 TYPICAL DETAILS OF WALL COMMON TO TWO SSs (not to scale)
FIG. 3.7 TYPICAL DETAILS OF WALL COMMON TO TWO SSs (not to scale)
FIG. 3.8 TYPICAL DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT AROUND THE SS DOOR (not to scale)
FIG. 3.9b PART PLAN OF SS WALL At conduit location only (not to scale)
4.2
The centrelines of the sleeves shall be more than 1900mm above the finished floor level and not less than 350mm from the ceiling and the edge of the walls. If the ventilation opening is to be located above the SS door, the minimum distance from the lower edge of the opening to the edge of the door frame shall be at least 150mm.
4.3
An external stainless steel plate of minimum thickness 10mm shall be mounted 75mm away from the exterior face of the SS at each sleeve (Fig. 4.1).
4.4
The ventilation sleeves shall be located in SS walls as far away from the external building line as possible.
4.5
Ventilation sleeves located in adjacent walls of the SS shall be as far apart as possible and in any case not less than 1000mm apart.
6.2 Architectural
In addition the following shall be complied with: a.) All the fixtures in the SS shall be located as detailed in the drawings. Changes in fixture locations shall only be made after the approval of the Authority. b.) Any alternative items to those specified in the drawings, and in the design and construction specifications, shall be implemented only after the approval of the Authority.
6.3 Structural
The following shall be implemented: a.) Special attention shall be given to the correct and proper location and emplacement of the links between the reinforcement meshes in all the SS structural elements. b.) Any detail of the reinforcement bars which differs from that specified in the design specifications and in the drawings shall only be executed after the approval by the Authority. c.) No horizontal joints in the SS walls shall be executed other than at the interfaces between the floor slabs and walls. SS walls shall be cast in one lift to their full floor height. d.) No openings in the SS walls, ceilings and floors shall be permitted after the casting of the concrete. All embedded items, including the SS door, the rescue hatch and the access steel ladder, shall be emplaced in their location before the casting of the concrete and shall be properly connected to the adjacent reinforcement bars to ensure their stability during the casting. e.) Special care shall be taken while casting the concrete near the SS door frame - bending or displacement of the door frame shall be prevented and the concrete shall fill all voids adjacent to the door frame. f.) The SS walls and ceiling inner faces shall be executed with smooth concrete finish, as specified for exposed concrete elements. A maximum thickness of 2mm is allowed as a skim coat on the internal face of the walls. g.) The concrete elements shall be executed with maximum concrete density to provide airtightness. No concrete areas with segregation or air voids shall be accepted. h.) No hacking or indiscriminate drilling into floor, ceiling and walls are permitted. Irregularities of wall surface shall not be hacked and plastered back. The method of any remedial work on the concrete shall be approved by the Authority before execution. i.) For peacetime use, only fixtures that are easily dismantled and removed are permitted.
6.4 Mechanical/Electrical
The following shall be implemented: a.) All electrical conduits, power sockets - outlets and switches and any mechanical pipes in the SS shall be affixed on the surface of the concrete elements. No embedment of these items in the concrete elements shall be allowed except for approved penetrations perpendicular to the concrete elements. b.) All sleeves and embedded items shall be emplaced in their final position and adequately anchored to the adjacent reinforcement bars before casting of the concrete. Adequate steps shall be taken during casting to ensure air-tightness around all penetrations.
a.) b.)
c.)
d.) e.)
Each SS door shall be checked at the manufacturers plant and shall only be brought to the site after being approved as conforming to all the design specifications. Water tightness test shall be carried out at the manufacturers plant on the door leaf and frame to a minimum depth of 25mm water for a period of 2 hours. Any seepage of water through the gasket after 2 hours will be considered a failure. After erection of the SS door on site, the door shall pass a chalk mark and light penetration test as specified by the Authority. The SS door shall be emplaced in its final position before the casting of the concrete, including adequate connections to the adjacent reinforcement bars, to ensure that no bending or displacement of the door frame will occur during the casting of concrete. The SS door frame as well as the SS door leaf shall be emplaced as detailed above. Leaving an opening in the SS concrete wall and later emplacing the SS door frame and door leaf followed by concrete casting around it is prohibited. Emplacing the SS door frame only, casting the concrete around it and only at a later stage emplacing the SS door leaf shall not be allowed, except with the approval of the Authority to use specially designed dummy strengthening measures, which have been previously tested and have proved adequate in ensuring the stability and non-deformability of the SS door frame during the casting of concrete. The SS door shall be brought to the site in its final state, including all finishes, and shall be adequately protected on site throughout the construction period, after being emplaced in its position. Before and after casting of concrete, the proper functioning of the SS door shall be checked on site and approved by the supervising Architect and the Engineer. The interior face of the SS door within the SS shall have a notice as specified by the Authority affixed to it.
CHAPTER 7: GUIDELINES FOR PERMITTED & NOT PERMITTED WORKS 7.1 General
The owner or occupier of the building having SS shall not carry out or permit another person to carry out any repair or alteration or renovation works which are likely to damage or impair the efficient use of the SS. For the peacetime use of the SS, the guidelines for works in the SS in the following sections shall apply