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Calibration Curves
Statistical Tools in Quantitative Analysis The Method of Least Squares Calibration Curves Using a Spreadsheet for Least Squares
Measure of Unknown
Amount/Concentration of Unknown
Concentration of Standard
1x
1/5x
1/25x
1/125x 1/625x
Blank
Corrected
Measured - Blank
Calibration Curves
Analytical Response
Measure of Unknown
Amount/Concentration of Unknown
Concentration of Standard
We wish to minimize to minimize the magnitude of the deviations (regardless of sign) so we square the terms. This is where Method of least Squares takes its name.
Determinants
A B D AD - BC
"(xi2) D= "xi
m=
xi
" n=6
yi
x iy i
x i2
xi
yi
x iy i
x i2
b=
6 data points
y = mx + b #y y
(xi,yi)
sy =
sy =
xi
" n=6
yi
x iy i
x i2
d i2
sy =
= =
= 0.012790808
sm 2 =
sy2n D sy2"(xi2) D
sb2 =
xi
yi
xi yi
xi 2
d i2
"(xi2) "xi
"xi n 75 6
D=
1375 D= 75
n=6 sy = 0.012790808
xi
yi
xi yi
xi 2
d i2
xi
yi
xi yi
xi 2
d i2
sb2 =
sy2 "(xi2) D
Linearity
Linear Range
Determining Linearity
Square of Correlation Coefficient R2 = ["(xi - x)(yi - y)]2 "(xi - x)2 "(yi - y)2 R2 close to 1 (e.g. " 0.99, 0.98, 0.95) R2 High (>0.95) R2 Low (<<0.95)