Tentamen ET4384 Design of Low-power power supplies.

14 May 2013 Problem 1 Given is the foliowing waveform & circuit:

Herein: Crss=5pF, Coss=40pF, Rd=2 Ohm, Rg=5 Ohm, Cgs=lnF, Co=10pF, Lp=400uH, Vt=3V Vdrainmax=550V, Vvalley=250V. The capacitances are all assumed to be linear (voltage independent). Rd denotes the internal resistance of the driver when it discharges the gate. Cx is an external capacitor that might be useful, when connected it is parallel to Coss. Questions: In case Ipeak^at switch-off = 5A: 1. What is tine switch-off energy? 2. What are the total switching losses (energy)? 3. Could the addition of an additional Cx reduce switchoff losses, and, if yes, what is the value to reach zero switch-off losses? 4. In case of additional Cx, what value of Cx leads to the minimum of the total switching losses? 5. For what level of Ipeak are the switch-off losses just zero?

Problem 2. Write down at least 5 possible circuits to limit the/iia )dnTum voltage across the switch in a mains isolated flyback. Give of all the pro's and cons.

Problem 3 A transformer is to be designed, using a PQ32/20 core, material 3C95, See data attached. Lp=450uH, lpeak=3.95A. Turns ratio: Np/Nsec=6, switching frequency lOOkHz. BCM operation. For EMI reasons prim ary wound at inner side of coil former. Questions: 1. Calculate the number of turns Np, within safe margin from saturation. 2.Suppose the primary winding is wound first. Which type of wire to choose, and which number of layers? (assume massive wire can be used). What is the expected DC series resistance? When proximity effects are to be taken into account, what will be the AC resistance acc to Dowells graph? 3. What is the number of secondary windings? When massive wire is used, which type (when mains isolation is not required)? Calculate RDC and RAC. Would paralleling wires help? If so, what is your choice? RDC and RAC? 4. Which layers will have the most losses due to proximity effects? Could reverse order (first primary, than secondary) help? If so, why? 5. In case of mains isolation is needed, which TRISO wire (massive) could fit? RDC? RAC? 6. In case Litze wire will be used to reduce AC resistance, which size of the individual wire should be used? 7. Calculate the core losses 8. Calculate the thickness of the air gap. 9. Calculate the estimated leakage inductance

CORE SETS Effective core parameters SYMBOL E(l/A) Ve le Ae Afnin m PARAMETER core factor (Cl) effective volume effective lengtti effective area minimum area mass of set VALUE 0.331 9440 55.9 169 142 47 g UNIT nim"'' nlm^ mm mm^

-27.5

0.5-

Dimensions in mm.

Rg.1 PQ32/20 core set

-32.15 m a x - 26.7 max -

22.35 max 11.05 max -8.9-*|

j f
1S.9

cI

c }-

34.3 30

O 0.75

i(
2.8 min . 7.2 min Dimensions in mm.

()

) 1

Fig.2 PQ32/20 coii former; 12-pins. Winding data for 12-plns PQ32/20 coil former NUMBER OF SECTIONS 1 1 MINIMUM WINDING AREA (mm^) 44.8 44.8 NOMINAL WINDING WIDTH (mm) 8.9 8.9 AVERAGE LENGTH OF TURN (mm) 66.7 66.7

TYPE NUMBER CPV-PQ32/20-1S-12P CPV-PQ32/20-1S-12PD