Design of RFID Based Student Attendance System with Notification to Parents Using GSM

Ravishankar Yadav
Student, EXTC, MPSTME, NMIMS Mumbai, India ravishankaryadav90@gmail.com

Sumita Nainan
Asst. Prof. Department of EXTC, MPSTME, NMIMS Mumbai, India sumita.nainan@nmims.edu inventory. 0t their sim+lest, R(I" systems use tiny chi+s called tags that contain and transmit some +iece o% identi%ying in%ormation to an R(I" reader, a device that in turn can inter%ace *ith com+uters. In the system o% R(I" 1ased Student 0ttendance System *ith Noti%ication to 2arents #sing 3SM, the +assive ty+e R(I" reader is used *hose ma4imum range o% detection is around .0cm. It o+erates at %re&uency o% .56 k78 and .59 +o*er su++ly -5/. his system has ability to uni&uely identi%y and take attendance o% the students. he users only need to +lace their R(I" tag on the R(I" reader to take attendance. hey do not need to go through the long list to look %or their name. 7ence, it is a very time e%%icient system. 0ttendance *ill be taken i% the encoded tagged I" scanned, matches the tagged I" stored in the memory. !ther*ise, an error message *ill be dis+layed. In recent years, R(I" is one o% the automatic identi%ication technologies. here is a *ide research and develo+ment in this area trying to take ma4imum advantage o% this technology, and in coming years many ne* a++lications and research areas *ill continue to a++ear. R(I" system has been success%ully a++lied to di%%erent areas as diverse as trans+ortation, health:care, agriculture, and hos+itality industry to name a %e*. R(I" also brings about some concerns, mainly the security and +rivacy o% those *ho *ork *ith or use tags in their everyday li%e *hich is +ro+osed in -;/.R(I" is used to uni&uely identi%y tagged ob,ects or +eo+le. R(I" systems have been *idely used in many a++lication areas such as inventory control, +roduct tracking through manu%acturing and assembly, +arking lot access and control, 1ank <ocker Security System, 0utomatic oll $ollection System '0 $S), <ibrary Management system

AbstractRFID means Radio Frequency Identification. It is a wireless identification technique which has become very popular these days. It is used for smart system that can be used to identify, monitor secure and do object inventory by the use of radio frequency. This technology is also used in ibrary !anagement "ystem, #an$ loc$er security system etc. This technique is safe, secure, faster and easy to use with lower overheads in contrast with the other conventional techniques such as bar code, biometrics etc. It has two components i.e. RFID tag and RFID reader. RFID reader is the device capable of reading and retrieving information stored inside the RFID tags. This paper presents a design of an %utomatic %ttendance "ystem for both students and professor with parent notification sent via &"!.

eywords!RFID "Radio fre#uency identification$% RFID Reader% RFID &ags% GSM and Student Attendance system

I.

IN R!"#$ I!N

Radio %re&uency identi%ication 'R(I") re%ers to the use o% radio %re&uency *ave to identi%y and track the tag im+lanted into an ob,ect or a living thing -./. It is a *ireless means o% communication that use electromagnetic and electrostatic cou+ling in radio %re&uency +ortion o% the s+ectrum to communicate bet*een reader and tag through a variety o% modulation and encoding scheme. Radio (re&uency Identi%ication 'R(I") is the combination o% radio %re&uency and microchi+ technologies to create a smart system that can be used to identi%y, monitor, secure and do ob,ect

'<MS), 0ttendance Management System etc. as discussed in -=,6,>/. he aim o% this +a+er is to monitor student?s attendance by using R(I" %or administration. Noti%ication *ill be sent to +arents as *ell as school?s authority in case o% absence o% students and %aculty in the class. he rest o% the +a+er is discussed as %ollo*s@ section II describes in brie% R(I" technology, section III discusses the system design and %inally conclusion is discussed in section I9.

a*aiting any tags that enter their %ield o% o+eration. AM .D R(I" Reader is sho*n in %ig. 5. AM .D R(I" reader is the device ca+able o% reading and retrieving in%ormation stored inside the R(I" tags. here are t*o ty+es o% R(I" readers, the active and the +assive R(I" readers.

Fig ". EM 1# RFID Reader

Fig. 1. RFID s stem !omponents

0ctive R(I" reader can detect an active R(I" tag at %e* meters to line o% Sight *hile +assive R(I" reader can only detect +assive R(I" tag at a %e* centimetres a*ay %rom the reader. It o+erates at %re&uency o% .56 k78 and .59 +o*er su++ly -5/. he e%%ective detection range o% the reader is around .0 cm %rom the antenna. he R(I" reader used in the system is a lo* cost reader %or reading +assive R(I" tags. $. RFID Tags R(I" ag is an I$ chi+ that has uni&ue he4adecimal or electronic +roduct code 'A2$) contained in it. 7ere E#NIB#AF re%ers to each and every code *ord o% the tag and is inde+endent o% other code *ord. he tag acts as a Gey that is ca+able o% o+ening a +articular locks -.0/. So, it is also named as R(I" key. he se&uence is a numeric serial, *hich is stored in the R(I" memory. he microchi+ is available inside R(I" tag *hich is sho*n in belo* %ig. ;. he microchi+ includes minute circuitry and an embedded silicon chi+. Aach tag can store a ma4imum o% 5G1 o% in%ormation in the microchi+s. he tag memory can be +ermanent or re:*ritable, *hich can be re:+rogrammed electronically by the reader multi+le times. ags are designed s+eci%ic to an a++lication and the environment it is +ro+osed in. here are three ty+es o% R(I" tags *hich are active, semi:+assive and +assive. 0ctive tags are active in nature i.e. they do not re&uire any e4ternal source, they have their o*n in:built battery. It can transmit high %re&uencies so it can be detected at a longer range. 2assive tags are +assive in nature i.e. they don?t have any battery source built in them. hey dra* their +o*er %rom the electromagnetic %ield generated by the R(I" reader. hey

II.

R0"I! (RAB#AN$Y I"AN I(I$0 I!N

R(I" stands %or Radio (re&uency Identi%ication. R(I" is a means o% Identi%ying a +erson or ob,ect using Radio (re&uency ransmission -C/. R(I" is used to collect in%ormation automatically by radio %re&uency data communication bet*een a mobile ob,ect and an R(I" reader to identi%y and track them. hey are most commonly re%erred to as reader and tag res+ectively in -D/. he R(I" system is sho*n in %ig... here are ags and Reader in the system. 0 ty+ical reader is a device that has one or more antennas that emit radio *aves and receive signals back %rom the tag. o retrieve the data stored on an R(I" tag, a reader is needed. R(I" is used to read or *rite in%ormation on a tag and +assing that in%ormation to a system %or storage and +rocessing. 3enerally, R(I" system consists o% 5 +arts Interrogator and rans+onders. Interrogator and rans+onder are also kno*n as R(I" Reader and R(I" ag res+ectively. A. RFID Reader R(I" Reader is a scanning device that uses the antenna to realise the tags that are in its vicinity -9/. It transmits signals at certain %re&uencies. R(I" readers are usually !N, continuously transmitting radio energy and

have no active transmitter and rely on altering the R( %ield %rom the transceiver in a *ay that the reader can detect.

%re&uency '#7() ';00M78:;378) and Micro*ave '5.= 378:6378) -.5/.

Fig. %. RFID tags

hey transmit lo* %re&uencies so they can be detected u+ to %e* meters o% distance. ags are available in various sha+es and si8es *hich are sho*n in %ig. =. 0 Semi:2assive tag e4ists, *hich has the %eatures o% both 0ctive and 2assive tags. Semi:2assive ags have their o*n +o*er source that +o*ers the microchi+ only. hey have no transmitter and as *ith 2assive tags they rely on altering the R( %ield %rom the ransceiver to transmit their data. he di%%erent ty+es o% R(I" ags -../ are sho*n in table ..
01<A I. (A0 #RAS !( Y2AS !( R(I" 03S

Fig. &. Different s'apes of RFID tags

III.

SYS AM "ASI3N

In order to im+lement the R(I" 1ased Student 0ttendance System *ith Noti%ication to 2arents #sing 3SM, the hard*are and so%t*are are discussed belo*. A. (ard)are design his system consists o% automatic attendance system %or both students and +ro%essor. Ihile entering the class room both the student and +ro%essor have to mark their attendance using their R(I" cards. his attendance *ill be %or*arded to a central com+uter a%ter +rocessing it through the microcontroller *here it *ill be stored. I% a student is absent in the class then noti%ication *ill be sent to hisHher +arents. he architecture o% the system is sho*n in %ig. 6. his system consists o% a tag a%%i4ed on identity card to communicate *irelessly *ith a reader, in order to retrieve the tag?s identity. R(I" is used to take the attendance o% the student. Student in%ormation is stored in the R(I" tag and this in%ormation is read by the R(I" reader. he 0 MA30 .5D microcontroller takes in+ut %rom the R(I" reader, +rocesses it and sends it to both 2$ and the 3SM module through M0J5;5 %or storing the attendance and %or sending SMS through the 3SM module. 7ere, *e can also use the 2I$ microcontroller easily but *e are using 0 MA30 .5D microcontroller because the 0tmel 09R.

Feature
Read Range

'assive
Short '#+ to.0cm) No #+ to 50 years .5D bytes readH*rite $hea+ 0ttendance Management System

%ctive
<ong '#+ to.00m) Yes 1et*een 6: .0 Years .5D Gbytes readH*rite 9ery A4+ensive Monitor the condition o% %resh +roduce

"emi( 'assive
<ong '#+ to.00m) Yes #+ to .0 Years .5D Gbytes readH*rite A4+ensive Measurement o% tem+erature +eriodically

1attery <i%e 9alidity Storage $ost 0++lication

ags o+erate on <o* %re&uency '<() ';0 G78:;00 G78), 7igh %re&uency '7() ';M78:;0M78), #ltra high

Fig. *. $+o!, diagram of t'e s stem

he hard*are o% the system is sho*n in %ig. >. his system consists o% AM .D R(I" Reader, 3SM SIM ;00 module, Ma4 5;5 and 0 MA30 .5D microcontroller *ith <$". Iorking o% the system is discussed belo*. Ihen students scan the R(I" tags to R(I" reader, data *ill be sent to 0 MA30 .5D microcontroller through Ma45;5 and it *ill be dis+layed on <$". Microcontroller sends the data to database in the 2$ %or matching student details and in%ormation is stored in the database. 0%ter matching, 2$ sends noti%ication to controller and it *ill be dis+layed on <$" K+resent? 0%ter .0 minute, those students are absent, 2$ sends message through Ma45;5 to microcontroller. Microcontroller sends the message to 2arents through 3SM. $. S.FT/ARE DESI0N "irection %lo* o% the +rogram is sho*n in %ig. C. K$? shar+ has been used as the +rogramming language.

0 mega.5D is a lo*:+o*er $M!S D:bit microcontroller based on the 09R enhanced RIS$ architecture. 1y e4ecuting +o*er%ul instructions in a single clock cycle, the 0 mega.5D achieves through+uts a++roaching .MI2S +er M78 allo*ing the system designed to o+timi8e +o*er consum+tion versus +rocessing s+eed. his one is cost e%%ective. he M0J5;5 I$ is used to convert the <H$M!S logic levels to RS5;5 logic levels during serial communication o% microcontrollers *ith 2$. 3SM '3lobal System %or Mobile communications) is used to send SMS to student?s +arents about their absence in class. 3SM SIM ;00 is an o+en, digital cellular technology used %or transmitting mobile voice and data services. 3SM o+erates in the 900M78 and ..D378 bands. 3SM su++orts data trans%er s+eeds o% u+ to 9.> kb+s, allo*ing the transmission o% basic data services such as SMS.

Fig. -. (ard)are of t'e s stem

Fig. 1. Dire!tiona+ f+o) of t'e s stem

he +ro+osed system has been e4+lained *ith the hel+ o% %ollo*ing ste+s. Ste+ .:Initialise R(I" Reader Ste+ 5:Initialise <$" Ste+ ;:Initialise #0R Ste+ =:Scan R(I" tags Ste+ 6:Send scanned o% R(I" data to microcontroller Ste+>:#sing microcontroller +er%orm the %iltering o+eration to remove un*anted %ield and e4tract student?s id Ste+ C:Search student tags id in +ermanent database *ith scanned R(I" studentKs tags. Ste+C..:Search student?s id, i% %ound go to ste+ D else go to ste+ =. Ste+D:$om+are detected studentKs tag, idKs, date and time *ith class time table and i% match %ound then go to ste+ 9 else go to ste+ =. Ste+9: $heck +erson ty+e and mark the +resence. Ste+.0: Re+eat ste+ = to ste+ 9 %or all ro* o% R(I" data. Ste+ ..: 0%ter .0 min check %or +resent student and i% student is absent then send massage to +arents that your child is absent. (ollo*ing screens are designed in 9isual 1asic '91). he database has been +re+ared by entering the user?s name and +ass*ord in the login +age as sho*n in %ig. D.

(igure 9. Student in%ormation %orm

Fig 13. Student information disp+a )indo)

I9.

$!N$<#SI!N

Fig. #. 2ogin page

he student database has been +re+ared by entering the student?s I", name, de+artment etc. in the student in%ormation entry %orm as sho*n in %ig. 9. "is+lay *indo* o% the students sho*s the student?s I", name, Roll no., de+artment etc. in the student in%ormation dis+lay *indo* as sho*n in %ig. .0.

he +ro+osed system can +rovide a ne*, accurate, and less cumbersome *ay o% taking student attendance in school and shi%t the +aradigm o% student?s lecture attendance monitoring in classroom. 0 lo* cost R(I" 1ased 0ttendance System +rototy+e has been success%ully develo+ed. he +rototy+e o% the system can +rovide several bene%its over the conventional method o% taking attendance. his system *ill hel+ in automatic storage o% attendance and +arents *ill be noti%ied in case o% absence. In this system using the 09R controller, ensures %ast o+eration, cost e%%ectiveness and lo* +o*er consum+tion.

0$GN!I<A"3AMAN I Ravishankar k. Yadav *ould like to thank everyone, including@ +arents, teachers, %amily, %riends, and in essence, all sentient beings %or their hel+ and su++ort this +a+er *ould not have been +ossible. As+ecially, I dedicate my ackno*ledgment o% gratitude to*ard my mentor and $o:author 2ro%. Sumita Nainan %or his guidance and su++ort.

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