Announcements: 04/30/2012

IMPORTANT NOTES: 1) Exam #1 has been graded and will be handed back in discussion section, please read carefully the re-grade policy BEFORE coming to class. Exam solutions will be posted to TED this afternoon. 2) ARIS HW #3 will be online either this afternoon/tomorrow morning 3) Please check your grades on TED to confirm that the online record reflects your efforts (HW, Exams, Quizzes, Clicker Questions) 4) Today we will be starting Chapter 21 (21.1, 21.2)

Electrochemistry: Chemical Change and Electrical Work

Electrochemistry The study of the relationship between chemical change and electrical work.
Electrochemical cells incorporate a REDOX reaction to produce or utilize electrical energy. Forms the basis for much of the current work in alternative energy

I. Batteries (voltaic cells) II. H2O splitting (electrolytic cell)

REVIEW: Oxidation-Reduction (redox) Concepts

Important Terminology: OXIDATION : The loss of electrons. REDUCTION : The gain of electrons. Oxidixing Agent: The species that does the oxidizing. The species that is reduced in the reaction. The oxidizing agent takes electrons from the compound being oxidized. Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- Cu (s) [reduction] Reducing Agent: The species that does the reducing. The species that is oxidized in the reaction. The reducing agent gives electrons to the compound being reduced. Zn (s) Zn2+ (aq) + 2e- [oxidation]

REVIEW: Oxidation-Reduction (redox) Concepts

KEY POINTS Oxidation (electron loss) always accompanies reduction (electron gain). The oxidizing agent is reduced, and the reducing agent is oxidized. The number of electrons gained by the oxidizing agent always equals the number lost by the reducing agent.

Steps Toward Balancing a Redox Reaction

Start with a skeleton reaction that only contains the ox. and red. species e.g., Cr2O72- (aq) + I-(aq) Cr3+(aq) + I2(s) 1) Divide overall redox reaction into two half reactions (oxidation and reduction) 2) Balance the atoms and charges in each half-reaction 3) Balance the electrons between the two half-reactions 4) Add the balanced half reactions 5) Check that all atoms and charges are balanced e.g., Cr2O72- (aq) + 6I-(aq) 14H+ (aq) 2Cr3+(aq) + 3I2(s) +7H2O(l)

Sample Question: Balancing a Redox Reaction

Types of Electrochemical Cells

A Detailed View of the Voltaic Cell

Question: Can you build a voltaic cell in one beaker? What are the components of a voltaic cell?

A Detailed View of the Voltaic Cell

Inactive Electrodes in Voltaic Cells

Inactive electrodes are used when there are no reactants and/or products that can be used as electrodes. Inactive electrodes conduct electrons, but do not participate in the reaction. Typical inactive electrodes are platinum and graphite.

Notation for Voltaic Cells

Components of ANODE compartment (oxidation half-cell) Phase of lower oxidation state Phase of higher oxidation state Components of CATHODE compartment (reduction half-cell) Phase of higher oxidation state Phase of lower oxidation state

Phase boundary between half-cells Examples: Zn(s) Zn(s) | Zn2+(aq) || Cu2+(aq) | Cu (s) Zn2+(aq) + 2eCu2+(aq) + 2eCu(s)

graphite | I-(aq) | I2(s) || H+(aq), MnO4-(aq) | Mn2+(aq) | graphite inert electrodes