NETWORKING MANUAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction 2. Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) for Windows 2000 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Server Setup 2.2.1. Introduction 2.2.2. Setup for Dial-Up connection 2.2.3. Setup for Broadband connections 2.3. Client Setup 2.3.1. Introduction 2.3.2. TCP/IP: Manual Setup 2.3.3. TCP/IP: Automatic Setup 3. Additional Remarks 3.1. Network Printer Setup 3.2. Network Ping 4. Appendix 5. Index

ii

1. Introduction
The purpose of this manual is to facilitate the set-up and troubleshooting of the networking a group of computers in a peer-to-peer connection through a hub. This was created to assist the Scala Program international volunteers in their technical work overseas. According to the authors own experience, it is believed that networking computers by following the steps of sharing an Internet connection (whether or not there actually is an Internet connection is irrelevant) is easier and more straightforward than the steps of file-sharing by itself. We will outline the steps to connect Win2000 Professional systems. This manual was written with information from: http://www.wown.com/j_helmig/w2knetve.htm http://members.cox.net/kgamard/win2ktip.htm#ICS and was commented by the author who has the experience of setting up many peer-topeer networks.

2. Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) for Windows 2000

ICS is very easy to set-up for Windows 2000 Professional . There's no software to install, and it doesn't add any network components or protocols. But Win2000 doesnt give you much control over how ICS works. You can't: disable the DHCP server. change the server's IP address or the range of addresses allocated by the DHCP server. share the connection over two different networks. NOTE #1: To enable ICS, you must be logged on as an Administrator.

2.1. Server Setup

There are two parts for the installation: A server installation, i.e. setting-up the computer that is directly connected to the Internet, and a client installation, i.e. setting-up the computers that are indirectly connected to the Internet, through the server computer.

2.1.1. Setup for Dial-Up Connections

If you are using a dial-up connection to connect to the Internet in Win2000, you'll need to do the following to use ICS: NOTE #2: It's important that you have a network card, modem, and dial-up connection installed before you try to set up ICS. ICS requires two network connections to work its magic. If it doesn't see two (i.e. dial-up and the network card), it won't show you the "Shared Access" tab in the dial-up connection's properties. To prepare for ICS installation: Set up your dial-up connection and test it so that you know you can connect to the Internet. Set up your LAN with TCP/IP so that you know your computers can communicate with each other (i.e. by connecting the computers to the hub). Open the Network and Dial-up Connections folder by right clicking My Network Places on your Desktop and selecting Properties. Then right click the dial-up connection and select Properties. The Properties sheet shows the settings associated with the connection. 4

Click the Sharing tab, then check the Enable Internet Connection Sharing box and the Enable on-demand dialing box. If you have more than one network adapter connected to local area networks, you'll have to choose which network adapter to use by clicking the down arrow and selecting the one to use for sharing the dial-up connection. After enabling ICS, click OK. Win2000 warns you that it will change the IP address of the LAN adapter. Click Yes to continue. Now open the dial-up connection's Properties again and go to the Options tab to configure it. The connection will dial automatically when a client computer requests Internet access. If you don't want to have a window pop up on your screen showing that dialing is in progress, un-check the first box (Display progress while connecting). You can also configure the connection to hang up automatically when it has been idle for a certain length of time. Click OK after making the settings. The ICS server is now set up, and ICS is running. You don't even need to reboot.

2.1.2. Setup for Broadband Connections

If you are using a cable modem, DSL or other high bandwidth Internet service that connects to your Win2000 computer via an Ethernet card (NIC), you'll need to do the following to use ICS: NOTE #3: It's important that you have two network cards installed (one for the network, and one for the Internet connection) before you try to set up ICS. If two adapters are not installed, you wont see the sharing tab in the Local Area Connection properties window. To prepare for ICS installation: Install your cable modem, DSL or other high bandwidth connection (if available) and test it so that you know you can connect to the Internet Install a second NIC (Network Card) and set up your LAN with TCP/IP so that you know your computers can communicate with each other. Open the Network and Dial-up Connections folder by right clicking My Network Places on your Desktop and selecting Properties. Then right click the Cable Modem network connection and select Properties. The Properties sheet shows the network components associated with the connection.

Click the Sharing tab, then check the Enable Internet Connection Sharing box. If you have more than one network adapter connected to local area networks, you'll have to choose which network adapter to use by clicking the down arrow and selecting the one to use for sharing the Internet connection. NOTE #4: You can also see the benefit of having two different NICs. If you had the exact same two cards, the Wizard will give you no clue as to which is connected to the cable modem and which is connected to your LAN. You have to guess, and if you guess wrong, you get to go through the whole process over again! After enabling ICS, click OK. Win2000 warns you that it will change the IP address of the LAN adapter. Click Yes to continue. The ICS server is now set up, and ICS is running. You don't even need to reboot.

2.2. Client Setup

2.2.1. Introduction
NOTE #1: This information is for configuring Windows 2000 Professional as an ICS client. You need to do two things to configure your computer as an ICS client: Configure the application settings to be sure that you are not trying to use a Proxy server. Configure your Client's TCP/IP settings.

Application Settings Go to the Preferences settings of each application (browser, email, or other applications) and make sure you change them to "Direct connection to the Internet" or to use a LAN. Note that this is the setting to use, even if the ICS server computer is connecting to the Internet using a Dial-Up connection. In most cases, programs use the same options as the general Internet Options in the Control Panel. Open the Internet Options Control Panel and click on the Connections tab. Click on the LAN Settings button near the bottom of the window. Make sure that Automatically detect settings is not checked. Open the Network and Dial-up Connections folder by right clicking My Network Places on the Desktop and selecting Properties, or by opening the Network & Dial-Up Connections in the Control Panel. Then right click the connection for your LAN and select Properties. Click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click Properties. Now decide whether to have the client receive its TCP/IP settings automatically from the ICS Server or to make the settings manually (see the relevant portion of section 4 to decide which method to use). Follow the steps in the appropriate sections below.

2.2.2. TCP/IP: Manual Setup

If you'd rather set your TCP/IP properties manually, do the following:

NOTE #2: These settings assume that the IP address of the LAN NIC in the ICS server is 192.168.0.1. A Win2000 ICS server always uses that address. If the IP address of the ICS Server's LAN NIC is not 192.168.0.1, then either change it to 192.168.0.1 or substitute the IP address that it is set to, wherever you see 192.168.0.1 in the steps below. NOTE #3: You can have a mix of automatically and manually assigned client machines on your network. Because ICS' DHCP server assigns addresses sequentially starting at 192.168.0.2 and works up, assign your manual addresses starting at 192.168.0.254 and work down. Set the IP address to a unique address (not the same as any other machine's address) from 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254. Set the Subnet Mask to 255.255.255.0. Set the Preferred DNS server address to 192.168.0.1. Click the Advanced button and set the Default gateway to 192.168.0.1 by clicking Add, entering the address, and clicking Add again. Click OK to exit from each screen.

2.2.3. TCP/IP: Automatic Setup

The easiest thing to do is to let ICS' DHCP server assign TCP/IP settings for the client. Go to the network card's TCP/IP properties and make sure it is set to Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server address automatically. Click the Advanced button and remove all Default gateways, if any. Click OK to exit from each screen. The network card should obtain an IP address and other settings from the DHCP server on the ICS server. You can use the ipconfig command (go to Start->Run->ipconfig) to check that the computer has successfully leased an address. If the IP address appears as 0.0.0.0, use ipconfig/renew to get a new lease.

3. Additional Remarks
Here you will find additional tips and general notes that will hopefully take care of all the questions/troubleshooting you may encounter.

3.1. Manual or Automatic?

If you do not specify yourself the IP-address or you have a DHCP-server on your network, Windows will take longer (a lot longer) to boot, but it assigns an IPaddress to the network card, as can be verified with winipcfg.

3.2. Network Printer Setup

Setting up a Printing via a Network follows very much the same procedure as accessing a Disk-resource via the network:

3.2.1. Share the Printer

On the system to which the printer is connected, make sure that when you right-click / Properties on the LAN connection (Network-applet), "File and printer sharing for Microsoft Networks" is installed. If it isnt, click install and follow the instructions on the screen. Check its configuration by clicking on the button: "File and Print Sharing" window : "File and Print Sharing". Make sure to have the checkmark on: - I want to be able to allow others to print to my printer(s) In "My Computer", open the folder "Printers", right-click on the printers icon and select from the Context-Menu": "Sharing" Printer Properties: tab: "Sharing": Select "Shared as: define a Sharename (ending the sharename with a $-sign hides the printer) Your printer is now a "shared Network Resource", indicated by a "hand holding the printer" under the printer icon

3.2.2. Accessing the printer via the network

On the other systems on the network, a shared printer is shown in the "Network Neighborhood" as an available resource.

To install the network-printer:

In "My Computer", open the folder "Printers" and start: "Add Printer" 9

This starts the Add Printer Wizard: select "Next " Select:"Network Printer", the "Next" Enter "Network Path" (if you know it), better: use "Browse" to locate the printer and just pick it from the list. The system shows then the Network-path of the printer in UNC-format: \\<server-name>\<printername> You can also define, if you need to print from MS-DOS based programs, then select "Next" to continue. Define the "Printer-name", as you like to see it yourself, and whether this printer should be your "Default Printer", then "Next" to continue. When asked: "Would you like to print a Test-Page:" select "Yes" as recommended, then "Finish" to continue. You are finished: The printer will appear in the folder "Printers", and the system will prompt you to confirm, that the test-page was printed properly.

3.3. Network Ping

After you configure the Network software and set the IP addresses, use the ping command on the Sharing Computer to make sure all of the computers are "alive" (at least in the TCP/IP sense). NOTE! You will not be able to ping your ISP or any Internet address from your Sharing Clients until you install your Sharing software. This is because they are on separate subnets and require the Sharing software to route (or move) data between the subnets. To do this, go to the Windows Start button, choose Programs / Accessories / Command Prompt. When you get the C: prompt, type ping 127.0.0.1 If everything is ok, you should get the following response (or something similar): Pinging 127.0.0.1 with 32 bytes of data Reply Reply Reply Reply from from from from 127.0.0.1: 127.0.0.1: 127.0.0.1: 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 bytes=32 bytes=32 bytes=32 time<10ms time<10ms time<10ms time<10ms TTL=32 TTL=32 TTL=32 TTL=32

10

This means that TCP/IP is working on the machine that you are typing on. 127.0.0.1 is a special address that "loops back" to the machine you are pinging from. You can also type ping localhost and receive a similar response, since localhost and 127.0.0.1 mean the same thing. If things aren't ok, you'll get something like: Pinging 127.0.0.1 with 32 bytes of data Request Request Request Request timed timed timed timed out. out. out. out.

If the above "pinged" ok, next you should ping your cable modem NIC IP. This is the second network that connects to your soon-to-be shared computer, and is a subnet of your cable provider. Type ping [yourISPIP] where [yourISPIP] is the IP address temporarily assigned to you by your ISP. You should get the proper "Reply from..." response. If you don't know your cable modem NIC IP address, use the winipcfg command to find out. An example winipcfg screen is shown below (you'll have to click on the "More Info" button on the opening Control Panel to get this view). Your temporary IP address is next to IP Address in the Ethernet Adapter Information section. If all of that is ok, then things are working, and you might as well ping your sharing Clients! They will have IP addresses of 192.168.0.X. You can also try pinging the second NIC on the Sharing computer from your Client computer(s). Also try Client to Client if you have more than one. Just don't try to ping your ISP or anything other than the computers on the LAN. That won't work until after you set up Sharing. You are now able from any application to use this printer.

3.4. Network Login

To be able to use the Network Neighbourhood, you must login to the Network. You can do this by entering your name (and password, if you have defined one), when you see the start-up login window. If you just press the ESC-key or click on the Cancel-button, then you will NOT be logged in to the network, and therefore the Network Neighbourhood will not display anything.

3.5. IP Addresses
You can have a mix of automatically and manually assigned client machines on your network. Because ICS' DHCP server assigns addresses sequentially starting 11

at 192.168.0.2 and works up, you should assign your manual addresses starting at 192.168.0.254 and work down. Use 192.168.0.1 as the IP for the NIC in the computer that will be running the sharing software. The first Client computer should be assigned IP 192.168.0.2. If you don't like those numbers or have more computers, then feel free to use any numbers between 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.254. Just remember that each machine must have its own unique IP address.

3.6. A few tips

Before you go off and get setup, please note the following points that should make things easier for you: In general, don't change the Dial-Up Networking TCP/IP settings. You should only have to touch the settings for the NIC that is connected to your LAN. The exception to this is to make sure that you uncheck "Log on to Network" on the Server Types tab of your Dial-Up Connection Properties. This will greatly speed your connection to your ISP, and remove a possible security risk to your LAN. This only needs to be checked if you are sharing Files and Printers on your ISP's network... pretty unlikely!

3.7. Summary
3.7.1. TCP/IP Settings for the Server Computer
Enter the following information into your TCP/IP Control panel for the second NIC in your Sharing computer: IP address: set to 192.168.0.1 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 WINS Configuration: Disable WINS resolution Gateway: Make sure there are NO entries. DNS Configuration: Leave this alone DNS settings apply to all NICs in a given computer, so you can't set them differently for the LAN NIC. If your ISP has assigned you a static IP address, this will probably be enabled and other information will be filled in when the first NIC was set up. If your ISP uses DHCP to assign you an IP address, then this will probably be disabled because the DHCP server takes care of giving your computer the DNS and Gateway server information it needs. At any rate, don't change the DNS setting.

12

Bindings: Check Client for Microsoft Networks and File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks if you don't have any other protocol (NetBeui, IPX/SPX) installed and bound to these items. Otherwise uncheck both these items so that you do not have either item bound to TCP/IP. Advanced: make sure the "Set this protocol to be the default protocol." is checked. NetBios: no changes.

3.7.2. TCP/IP Settings for the Client Computers

You may need to change the following settings once you install Sharing, but they'll get you started so that you can test your network: IP address: set to 192.168.0.2 through 192.168.0.254. Each computer needs to have a different IP address. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 WINS Configuration: Disable WINS resolution Gateway: set to 192.168.0.1 DNS Configuration: set to Disabled Bindings: Check Client for Microsoft Networks and File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks if you don't have any other protocol (NetBeui, IPX/SPX) installed and bound to these items. Otherwise uncheck both these items so that you do not have either item bound to TCP/IP. Advanced: make sure the "Set this protocol to be the default protocol." is checked. NetBios: no changes.

13

3.8. Network Settings (services/protocols/clients)

This section outlines the services/protocols/clients needed to network Windows computers together.

3.8.1. Server Settings

NOTE #1: This setup is for a Dial-Up Adapter. If you have another configuration (for example a DSL/Cable modem), substitute all occurrences of Dial-Up Adapter with the type of Adapter (usually the network cardNIC) you are using. Under Dial-up Networking o Connections > Settings > General tab Don't Prompt to use Dial-up Networking o File > Properties > Server Types tab, TCP/IP Settings Server assigned IP address Primary and secondary DNS defined Use IP Header compression (checked) Use Default gateway on remote network (checked) Control Panel > Network > Configuration tab Client for Microsoft Networks Your Network Interface Card (NIC) Dial-UP Adapter Internet Connection Sharing (Adapter) Internet Connection Sharing (protocol) -> Your NIC Internet Connection Sharing (protocol) -> Dial-UP Adapter Internet Connection Sharing (protocol) -> Internet Connection Sharing Your preferred Network Protocol -> Your NIC Your preferred Network Protocol -> Internet Connection Sharing TCP/IP (Home) -> Your NIC TCP/IP (Shared) -> Dial-UP Adapter TCP/IP -> Internet Connection Sharing File and printer sharing for Microsoft Networks The Primary Network Logon can be set to any logon Dial-Up Adapter o Bindings tab Internet Connection Sharing (protocol) TCP/IP (Shared) o Advanced tab Enable Point to Point IP: Yes IP Packet Size: Automatic Use IPX Header Compression: Yes

14

Internet Connection Sharing Adapter o Bindings tab Internet Connection Sharing (protocol) -> Internet Connection Sharing TCP/IP -> Internet Connection Sharing Your preferred Network Protocol -> Internet Connection Sharing Your Network Interface Card (NIC) o Bindings tab Internet Connection Sharing (protocol) -> Your NIC TCP/IP (Home) -> Your NIC Your preferred Network Protocol -> Your NIC TCP/IP (Home) -> your NIC o IP Address tab IP Address: 192.168.0.1 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 o WINS Configuration tab Disable WINS Resolution o Gateway tab No gateway o DNS Configuration Disable DNS o Bindings tab Client for Microsoft Networks, File and Printer sharing for Microsoft Networks TCP/IP (Shared) -> Dial-Up Adapter no settings made TCP/IP -> Internet Connection Sharing o IP Address tab Obtain an IP address automatically o WINS Configuration tab Disable WINS Resolution o Gateway tab No gateway o DNS Configuration Disable DNS o Bindings tab o Client for Microsoft Networks, File and Printer sharing for Microsoft Networks File and printer sharing for Microsoft Networks Browse Master: Enabled LM Announce: No Control Panel > Internet Options > Connections tab Always dial my default connection (checked) Perform system security check before dialing (checked) o Under Local Area Network (LAN) settings Sharing

15

o Enable ICS o Show Icon o Use Dial-up Adapter to Connect to Internet LAN Settings o Automatically detect settings (checked)

3.8.2. Client Settings

These settings are for all the client computers. Control Panel > Network > Configuration tab Client for Microsoft Networks Your Network Interface Card (NIC) Your preferred Network Protocol -> Your NIC TCP/IP -> Your NIC File and printer sharing for Microsoft Networks The Primary Network Logon can be set to any logon Your Network Interface Card (NIC) o Bindings tab Your preferred Network Protocol -> Your NIC TCP/IP -> Your NIC TCP/IP -> Your NIC o IP Address tab Obtain an IP address automatically o WINS Configuration tab Use DHCP for WINS Resolution o Gateway tab No gateway o DNS Configuration Disable DNS o Bindings tab Client for Microsoft Networks, File and Printer sharing for Microsoft Networks o File and printer sharing for Microsoft Networks Browse Master: Disabled LM Announce: No Control Panel > Internet Options > Connections tab Connect to the Internet using a local area network (checked)

16