Yii Framework

Version 1.0
(Team JustLook)

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Introduction
Yii l PHP framework h tr tt cho vic pht trin Web 2.0
Yii gip nh pht trin xy dng nhng ng dng phc tp vi thi gian nhanh
nht
Yii c pht m l Yee hoc [ji:], Yii l vit tt ca Yes It Is!. ngha ca n l Is
it fast? ... Is it secure? ... Is it professional? ... Is it right for my next project? ... Yes, it
is!
Yii hon ton min ph, l ng dng Web m ngun m c pht trin bng ngn ng
PHP5. Yii gip cho vic pht trin ng dng Web tun theo mt khun kh nhm m
bo tnh hiu qu, tnh m rng, v tnh bo tr ca sn phm.
Ti u hiu sut, Yii l s la chn hon ho cho cc d n c quy m. Yii cho php
nh pht trin kim sot ton b cu hnh. Yii cung cp cc cng c gip kim tra v
sa li ng dng d dng.
Lch s
Yii c sng lp bi Qiang Xue, ngi trc y pht trin v bo tr Prado
framework. D n Yii c bt u t ngy 01/01/2008 v sau gn mt nm pht trin,
ngy 03/12/2008 Yii 1.0 c chnh thc pht hnh.
tng
Yii kt hp nhiu tng t cc framework v cc ng dng Web ni ting khc. Di
y l mt s tng Yii tham kho:
Prado: l ngun gc ch yu cho tng pht trin Yii, bao gm: component v
m hnh lp trnh hng s kin, cc lp database, m hnh kin trc ng dng,
i18n v l10n, v nhiu tnh nng khc
Ruby on Rails: Yii k tha quy c v cu hnh
jQuery: c tch hp trong Yii framework
Symfony: Yii k tha tng v filter v kin trc plug-in
Joomla: Yii k tha cch thit k module v message translation

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Contents
Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1
Overview MVC ................................................................................................................. 4
MVC....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Model ................................................................................................................................................. 4
View ................................................................................................................................................... 5
Controller ........................................................................................................................................... 5

Best MVC Practices .......................................................................................................... 6

Model ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
View ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
Controller ............................................................................................................................................... 7

CakePHP vs Yii ................................................................................................................. 8

Yii Basic Workflow ........................................................................................................... 9
Yii Components ............................................................................................................... 11
1. Application ....................................................................................................................................... 11
2. Controller ......................................................................................................................................... 12
Action ............................................................................................................................................... 12
Filter ................................................................................................................................................. 15
3. Component ....................................................................................................................................... 17
Event ................................................................................................................................................ 17
4. Model ............................................................................................................................................... 17
Working with model......................................................................................................................... 18
5. View ................................................................................................................................................. 19
6. Widget .............................................................................................................................................. 20

Working with Database ................................................................................................... 21

1. Data Access Objects (DAO) ............................................................................................................ 21
Establishing Database Connection (Thit lp kt ni CSDL) .......................................................... 21
Executing SQL Statements (Thc thi cu lnh truy vn SQL) ........................................................ 22
Fetching Query Results (Ly kt qu truy vn) ............................................................................... 22
Using Transactions (S dng transaction) ....................................................................................... 23
Binding Parameters .......................................................................................................................... 23

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2. Query Builder ................................................................................................................................... 24

Building Data Retrieval Queries ...................................................................................................... 24
Building Data Manipulation Queries ............................................................................................... 25
Building Schema Manipulation Queries .......................................................................................... 26
3. Active Record................................................................................................................................... 26
Establishing DB Connection ............................................................................................................ 27
Defining AR Class ........................................................................................................................... 27
Creating Record................................................................................................................................ 28
Reading Record ................................................................................................................................ 28
Using Transaction with AR .............................................................................................................. 28
Relational Active Record ................................................................................................................. 29

Extensions Library........................................................................................................... 31
Classified extension ............................................................................................................................. 31
Using extension .................................................................................................................................... 31
Creating extension ................................................................................................................................ 32

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Overview MVC

Controller

Model

View

MVC
MVC l mt m hnh kin trc phn mm c s dng ph bin trong pht trin ng
dng Web. Mc ch chnh ca MVC l:
Tch ring cc thnh phn logic vi giao din ngi dng
Gip cho vic thay i cc thnh phn d dng m khng lm nh hng n cc
thnh phn khc
D dng pht trin v bo tr ng dng
Model
L th hin ca mt cu trc d liu c bn. Model c s dng lu tr d liu v
cc quy tc business lin quan.
Model i din cho mt i tng d liu duy nht. N c th l mt row trong
database table hoc l mt form input ca ngi dng. Mi trng (field) ca object l
mt thuc tnh (attribute) ca model.

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View
View ch yu l cc yu t giao din ngi dng. Chu trch nhim trnh by cc th
hin ca model dng m ngi dng mong mun. N c th cha cc cu lnh (PHP,
ASP, ) nhng ch vi mc ch trnh by.
Controller
Cng vic ch yu ca controller l iu kin, x l cc request ca ngi dng. Lin
kt model vi view. Kim sot cc response.

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Best MVC Practices

Mt m hnh MVC tt th cn phi thc hin ng cc nguyn tc sau:

Model
Nn
o Cha cc thuc tnh i din cho cc d liu c th
o Cha cc business logic nhm m bo cc d liu p ng c yu cu
thit k
o C th cha cc m thao tc vi database
Trnh
o S dng $_GET, $_POST hoc cc bin trc tip gn lin vi request ca
ngi dng
o Nhng cc m HTML hoc cc m trnh din khc (echo, )

View
Nn
o Cha cc m trnh din, nh HTML, PHP, ASP, n gin th hin,
nh dng d liu
o C th truy cp cc thuc tnh (property) v phng thc (method) ca
controller v model nhng ch vi mc ch trnh by
Trnh
o Cha cc m truy vn d liu

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o Truy cp trc tip n $_GET, $_POST, hoc cc bin tng t khc i

din cho request ca ngi dng

Controller
Nn
o C th truy cp $_GET, $_POST v cc bin tng t khc i din cho
request ca ngi dng
o C th to ra cc thc th (instance) ca model
Trnh
o Cha cc cu lnh truy vn SQL
o Cha bt k m HTML hoc cc ngn ng trnh din khc

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CakePHP vs Yii

Model

View

Widget

Controller

Index.php

CakePHP Framework

Applicatio
n

App
component

Yii Framework

CakePHP c nh gi l framework c m hnh MVC chun nht, c bn nht. Cc

thnh phn ca CakePHP hon ton tng ng vi m hnh MVC.
Yii cng s dng m hnh MVC trong thit k. Ngoi cc thnh phn c bn, Yii b
sung thm mt s thnh phn (Application, App Components, Widget, ). Cc thnh
phn ny s c team gii thiu chi tit trong cc phn sau.

Ghi ch: ti liu ny ch yu s gii thiu v Yii, hin ti cty Green Global rt mnh
trong mng CakePHP framework. V vy trong qu trnh gii thiu Yii, team JustLook
s a s khc nhau gia CakePHP v Yii. mi ngi c th so snh, bit c s
khc bit gia CakePHP v Yii.

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Yii Basic Workflow

Model

View
8
9

Widget

Controller
1

Index.php

Application

App
2 component

V c bn, cch lm vic ca Yii c thc hin qua cc bc sau:

1. Yu cu (request) ca ngi dng c trnh duyt gi cho Web server. Web
server chuyn tip request cho index.php x l. Index.php c chc nng to mt
thc th Application v thc thi n
2. Application to ra cc App Component (App Component l cc thnh phn ca
ng dng, vd: UrlManager, HttpRequest)
3. App Component gi cc thnh phn ca mnh cho Application qun l
4. Application xc nh cc controller v action t request v gi chng cho
UrlManager qun l. Tip n Application tin hnh thc thi controller
5. Controller c th to ra cc model x l d liu
6. Model gi d liu cho Controller
7. Controller gi cc bin, cc th hin ca model cho View
8. View to ra cc Widget
9. View thc hin trnh by trang web

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i khi chng ta cn thay i workflow ty bin trang web. Yii cho php chng ta
lm c iu ny qua workflow sau:

Model

View

Widget

Controller
Index.php

Application

App
components

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Yii Components
Cc thnh phn chnh ca Yii bao gm:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Application
Controller
Component
Model
View
Widget

1. Application
Nhim v chnh ca Application l gii quyt cc request ca ngi dng. Gi chng
cho controller thch hp tip tc x l. Application l trung tm qun l ton b cu
hnh ca ng dng.
Cc cng vic ch yu ca Application l:
Chun b khi to Application (Pre-initializes the application)
Thit lp autoloader v iu khin error (Set up class autoloader and error
handling)
ng k cc App Component ct li (Register core application components)
Np cu hnh ng dng (Load application configuration)
Khi to Application (Initialize the application)
Raise onBeginRequest event
X l request ca ngi dng (Process the user request)
Gii quyt request ca ngi dng (Resolve the user request)
To v thc thi Controller (Create & Run controller)
Raise onEndRequest event
cu hnh Application ta s dng file (hoc array) khi to gi tr ca cc thuc
tnh. File cu hnh c cha trong th mc protected/config/main.php ca ng dng.
Cu trc nh sau:

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<?php //file: protected/config/main.php

return array(

'name'=>'Yii Framework',
'defaultController'=>'site',

'components'=>array(
'db'=>array('connectionString'=>
'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=database'),
),

)
2. Controller
Nhim v ch yu ca controller l thc thi action. Controller ca Yii gm c 2 thnh
phn c bn l Filter v Action.
Action
Action l cc phng thc c tn bt u l action (v d: actionIndex). V c bn, cch
s dng action ca Yii tng t nh CakePHP.

class SiteController extends

AppController
{
public function index()
{
// ...
}
// ...
public function contact()
{
// ...
}
}

class SiteController extends

CController
{
public function actionIndex()
{
// ...
}
// ...
public function actionContact()
{
// ...
}
}

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CakePHP Framework

Yii Framework

Ngoi ra, Yii cn h tr cch vit cc action nng cao hn bng cch t chc cc action
theo kiu m-un ha. Ta c th xem cu trc th mc sau:

class SiteController extends

CController
{
// ...
public function actions()
{
return array(
'contact'=>'application.controllers.site.
ContactAction',

);

class ContactAction extends CAction

{
public function run()
{
// place the action logic here
}
}

}
// ...
}
protected/controllers/SiteController.php

protected/controllers/site/ContactAction.php

Mt s phng thc tng ng gia CakePHP v Yii

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class SiteController extends

AppController
{
public function beforeFilter()
{
// ...
}
// ...
public function afterFilter()
{
// ...
}
CakePHP Framework

class SiteController extends

AppController
{
public function beforeRender()
{
// ...
}
// ...
public function afterRender()
{
// ...
}
}
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class SiteController extends

CController
{
public function beforeAction()
{
// ...
}
// ...
public function afterAction()
{
// ...
}
Yii Framework

class SiteController extends

CController
{
public function beforeRender()
{
// ...
}
// ...
public function afterRender()
{
// ...
}
}
Yii Framework

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Filter
L phng thc c x l trc (hoc sau) khi thc thi action. Trong Yii, mt action
c th c nhiu filter. Filter c th ngn chn vic thc thi cc action.
khai bo filter ta s dng phng thc filters(). Xem v d:

class PostController extends CController

{
public function filters()
{
return array (
accessControl ,
);
}
public function filterAccessControl($filterChain)
{
//...pre-filtering code...
$filterChain->run();
//...post-filtering code...
}

}
Ti v d trn, ta to mt filter AccessControl cho ton b cc action thuc controller
Post. Phng thc filterAccessControl s c thc thi trc cc action ca controller
Post.
Ngoi ra, ta c th ty bin s dng filter bng cch s dng ton t cng (+) v tr (-).
Ton t (+) cho php filter c p dng i vi controller km theo. Ton t (-) cho
php filter c p dng cho tt c cc action ngoi tr action km theo. Xem v d:

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class PostController extends CController

{
public function filters()
{
return array (
checkAdmin + update, delete ,
checkLogin - view ,
);
}
public function filterCheckAdmin($filterChain)
{
if (is Admin) {
$filterChain->run();
} else {
echo Access denied;
}
}

}
V d trn cho thy, filter CheckAdmin s c p dng cho 2 action update v delete.
Filter CheckLogin s c p dng cho tt c cc action ca controller Post ngoi tr
action view.
Ngoi ra, Yii cn h tr cch vit cc filter nng cao hn bng cch t chc cc filter
theo kiu m-un ha. (tng t phn action). Xem v d:

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// file: protected/filters/PerformanceFilter.php
// file: protected/controllers/PostContrller.php

class PostController extends

CController
{
//
public function filters()
{
return array (
application.filters.PerformanceFilter,
);
}
//
}

class PerformanceFilter extends

CFilter
{
protected function preFilter($filterChain)
{
// logic being applied before the
action is executed
return true; // false if the action should
not
be executed
}
protected function postFilter($filterChain)
{
// logic being applied after the
action is executed
}

protected/controllers/PostContrller.php

protected/filters/PerformanceFilter.php

3. Component
ng dng Yii c xy dng da trn cc Component. S dng cc Component ch
yu lin quan n vic truy cp cc thuc tnh ca n v nng cao x l s kin.
Component l i tng qun l Event v Behavior.
Event
Yii h tr k thut lp trnh hng s kin. Cc phng thc c gn trong mt s
kin s c t ng thc thi mi khi s kin c gi (raise)

4. Model
Nhim v chnh ca model l lu d liu v cc quy tc business lin quan.

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Model i din cho mt i tng d liu duy nht. N c th l mt hng (row) trong
bng (table) c s d liu hoc l mt input form ca ngi dng.
Mi trng (field) ca i tng c biu din thnh mt thuc tnh (property) trong
model. Thuc tnh ny c mt nhn (label) v c th c xc lp mt quy tc xc thc
(validate).
Yii h tr 2 loi model
FormModel: s dng cho vic x l cc form input ca ngi dng. Cc d liu
ny thng c x l v sau b i. V d: trn mt trang ng nhp, ta ch
s dng model cho vic kim tra user.
ActiveRecord: s dng cho vic truy cp c s d liu tru tng.
Working with model
lm vic vi model, ta cn ch n cc vn sau:
a) Cc quy tc xc thc (Validation Rules)
b) Relational Active Record
c) Mt vi phng thc lin quan n truy vn CSDL
a) Validation Rules (Cc quy tc xc thc)
khai bo quy tc xc thc, trong model ta s dng phng thc rules() tr v mt
array chc cc quy tc. Xem v d:

class LoginForm extends CFormModel

{
public $username;
public $password;
public function rules()
{
return array(
array('username, password', 'required'),
array('password', 'authenticate'),
);
}
public function authenticate($attribute,$params)
{
}

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Vi v d trn, ta khai bo quy tc required cho 2 thuc tnh username, password (quy
tc ny yu cu ngi dng phi nhp liu cho 2 thuc tnh, khng c php trng).
Ngoi ra, thuc tnh password cn c khai bo quy tc authenticate (quy tc ny s
thc thi phng thc authenticate kim tra password c ng khng).
C 3 loi quy tc xc thc (Validator) sau:
1. Validator c th l tn ca mt phng thc trong model (nh v d trn, s dng
phng thc authenticate)
2. Validator c th l tn ca mt lp (class) validator
3. Validator c th l mt b danh c xc nh trc ca Yii (nh v d trn, s
dng b danh required)
b) Relational Active Record
Phn ny s c gii thiu chi tit hn trong phn Active Record (Working with
Database)
c) Mt vi phng thc lin quan n truy vn CSDL
Protected Methods
o beforeSave() / afterSave()
o beforeDelete() / afterDelete()
o beforeValidate() / afterValidate()
o beforeFind() / afterFind()
Events
o onBeforeSave / onAfterSave
o onBeforeDelete / onAfterDelete
o onBeforeValidate / onAfterValidate
o onBeforeFind / onAfterFind

5. View
View l mt PHP script bao gm ch yu l cc yu t giao din ngi dng. N c th
cha cc cu lnh PHP n gin nhng ch vi mc ch trnh by.
Lm vic vi view cn ch n cc phng thc sau:
Public methods
o render(): Renders a view with a layout

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o renderDynamic(): Renders dynamic content returned by the specified

callback
o renderDynamicInternal(): This method is internally used
o renderFile() or renderInternal(): Renders a view file
o renderPartial(): Renders a view
o renderText(): Renders a static text string
Protected methods
o beforeRender() / afterRender()

6. Widget
Widget l thnh phn ch yu cho mc ch trnh by. N to ra cc giao din ngi
dng phc tp nhng khp kn.

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Working with Database

1. Data Access Objects (DAO)
2. Query Builder
3. Active Record

1. Data Access Objects (DAO)

DAO cung cp mt API chung truy cp d liu c lu tr trong h thng qun l
CSDL khc nhau.
Yii DAO ch yu bao gm 4 lp (class) sau:
CDbConnection: i din cho mt kt ni n CSDL
CDbCommand: i din cho mt cu lnh truy vn SQL thc hin trn CSDL
CDbDataReader: i din cho mt tp hp cc hng (row) t kt qu cu truy
vn
CdbTransaction: i din cho mt giao dch (transaction) vi DB
Establishing Database Connection (Thit lp kt ni CSDL)
thit lp kt ni vi CSDL ta to i tng CdbConnection vi cu trc nh sau:
$connection=new CDbConnection($dsn,$username,$password);
// establish connection. You may try...catch possible exceptions
$connection->active=true;
......
$connection->active=false; // close connection

$dsn ty thuc vo trnh iu khin CSDL PDO s dng. Di y l danh sch cc

DSN thng c s dng:

SQLite: sqlite:/path/to/dbfile
MySQL: mysql:host=localhost;dbname=testdb
PostgreSQL: pgsql:host=localhost;port=5432;dbname=testdb
SQL Server: mssql:host=localhost;dbname=testdb
Oracle: oci:dbname=//localhost:1521/testdb

$username v $password l cc thng tin kt ni n CSDL.

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Ta c th thit lp kt ni CSDL trong file config (protected/config/main.php) nh sau:

array(
......
'components'=>array(
......
'db'=>array(
'class'=>'CDbConnection',
'connectionString'=>'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=testdb',
'username'=>'root',
'password'=>'password',
'emulatePrepare'=>true, // needed by some MySQL installations
),
),
)

Vi cch cu hnh nh trn, truy cp n DB connection ta s dng Yii::app()->db.

Executing SQL Statements (Thc thi cu lnh truy vn SQL)
Khi mt kt ni CSDL c thit lp, cc cu lnh truy SQL c th c thc hin
bng cch s dng CDbCommand. to ra CDbCommand ta s dng phng thc
CDbConnection::createCommand(). Xem v d:
$rowCount=$command->execute();
$dataReader=$command->query();
$rows=$command->queryAll();
$row=$command->queryRow();
$column=$command->queryColumn();
$value=$command->queryScalar();
row

//
//
//
//
//
//

execute the non-query SQL

execute a query SQL
query and return all rows of result
query and return the first row of result
query and return the first column of result
query and return the first field in the first

Mt cu lnh SQL c thc thi thng qua CDbCommand bng mt trong 2 cch sau:
execute(): thc hin non-query SQL, nh INSERT, UPDATE v DELETE
query(): thc hin cu truy vn tr v tp hp cc hng (row) d liu, nh
SELECT
Fetching Query Results (Ly kt qu truy vn)
ly kt qu truy vn ta s dng CdbDataReader->read()

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$dataReader=$command->query();
// calling read() repeatedly until it returns false
while(($row=$dataReader->read())!==false) { ... }
// using foreach to traverse through every row of data
foreach($dataReader as $row) { ... }
// retrieving all rows at once in a single array
$rows=$dataReader->readAll();

Using Transactions (S dng transaction)

s dng transaction (giao dch) ta s dng cu trc nh sau:
$transaction=$connection->beginTransaction();
try
{
$connection->createCommand($sql1)->execute();
$connection->createCommand($sql2)->execute();
//.... other SQL executions
$transaction->commit();
}
catch(Exception $e) // an exception is raised if a query fails
{
$transaction->rollBack();
}

Binding Parameters
trnh cc tn cng SQL Injection v ci thin hiu sut cc cu lnh truy vn SQL ta
s dng cc tham s rng buc (binding parameters). Xem v d sau:
// an SQL with two placeholders ":username" and ":email"
$sql="INSERT INTO tbl_user (username, email) VALUES(:username,:email)";
$command=$connection->createCommand($sql);
// replace the placeholder ":username" with the actual username value
$command->bindParam(":username",$username,PDO::PARAM_STR);
// replace the placeholder ":email" with the actual email value
$command->bindParam(":email",$email,PDO::PARAM_STR);
$command->execute();
// insert another row with a new set of parameters
$command->bindParam(":username",$username2,PDO::PARAM_STR);
$command->bindParam(":email",$email2,PDO::PARAM_STR);
$command->execute()

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bit chi tit cc tham s rng buc, vui lng xem thm link
http://www.php.net/manual/en/pdostatement.bindparam.php

2. Query Builder
Yii Query Builder cung cp vic vit cc cu lnh SQL theo hng i tng. N cho
php s dng cc phng thc v thuc tnh chia nh cu lnh SQL thnh cc phn
n gin hn. Cc phn sau c Yii kt hp li v thc thi thng qua DAO.
Di y l mt cch s dng in hnh ca Query Builder xy dng cu lnh SQL
SELECT
$user = Yii::app()->db->createCommand()
->select('id, username, profile')
->from('tbl_user u')
->join('tbl_profile p', 'u.id=p.user_id')
->where('id=:id', array(':id'=>$id))
->queryRow();

Vic s dng Query Builder c cc li ch sau:

Cho php xy dng cc cu lnh truy vn phc tp (nhng d vit hn)
T ng bc (quote) cc tn table bng cch thm cc k t (`) vo tn table
nhm trnh xung t vi cc t kha ca SQL v cc k t c bit
T ng bc cc gi tr tham s v s dng cc tham s rng buc (parameter
binding) khi c th, gim nguy c b tn cng bng SQL Injection
n gin ha vic chuyn i sang cc nn tng DB khc nhau
Trc khi s dng Query Builder, ta kt ni n CSDL bng cch s dng
CDbCommand nh DAO.
$command = Yii::app()->db->createCommand();

Building Data Retrieval Queries

Cc phng thc lin quan n vic truy vn CSDL:
select(): specifies the SELECT part of the query
selectDistinct(): specifies the SELECT part of the query and turns on the
DISTINCT flag
from(): specifies the FROM part of the query

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where(): specifies the WHERE part of the query

join(): appends an inner join query fragment
group(): specifies the GROUP BY part of the query
having(): specifies the HAVING part of the query
order(): specifies the ORDER BY part of the query
limit(): specifies the LIMIT part of the query
offset(): specifies the OFFSET part of the query
union(): appends a UNION query fragment

$users = Yii::app()->db->createCommand()
->select('*')
->from('tbl_user')
->queryAll();
$user = Yii::app()->db->createCommand()
->select('id, username, profile')
->from('tbl_user u')
->join('tbl_profile p', 'u.id=p.user_id')
->where('id=:id', array(':id'=>$id))
->queryRow();

Building Data Manipulation Queries

s dng cc thao tc thm, sa, xa d liu Yii Query Builder cung cp cc phng
thc sau:
insert(): thm mt hng (row) vo 1 bng (table)
update(): trong mt bng
delete(): xa d liu t mt bng
Xem cc v d sau:
// build and execute the following SQL:
// INSERT INTO `tbl_user` (`name`, `email`) VALUES (:name, :email)
$command->insert('tbl_user', array(
'name'=>'Tester',
'email'=>'tester@example.com',
));
// build and execute the following SQL:
// UPDATE `tbl_user` SET `name`=:name WHERE id=:id
$command->update('tbl_user', array(

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'name'=>'Tester',
), 'id=:id', array(':id'=>1));

// build and execute the following SQL:

// DELETE FROM `tbl_user` WHERE id=:id
$command->delete('tbl_user', 'id=:id', array(':id'=>1));

Building Schema Manipulation Queries

thao tc trn lt CSDL ta s dng cc phng thc sau:

createTable(): to mt bng (table)

renameTable(): i tn bng
dropTable(): xa bng
truncateTable(): truncates bng
addColumn(): thm ct (column) cho bng
renameColumn(): i tn ct
alterColumn(): s ct
dropColumn(): xa ct
createIndex(): to index
dropIndex(): xa index

3. Active Record
Mc d Yii DAO c th x l tt c cc nhim v lin quan n CSDL. Nhng vic s
dng DAO dn n mt s bt li cho vic lp trnh:
Mt kh nhiu thi gian xy dng cc cu lnh truy vn thc hin cc cng
vic CRUD (to, c, cp nht, xa) ni chung
Kh bo tr ng dng v cc cu lnh truy vn SQL trn ln chung vi cu lnh
khc
gii quyt cc vn trn, chng ta c th s dng Active Record.
Mi Active Record (AR) i din cho mt bng (table) CSDL. Cc trng (field) ca
bng tng ng vi cc thuc tnh ca AR. Mi thc th (instance) ca AR i din
cho mt hng (row) trong bng.

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Establishing DB Connection
thit lp kt ni
protected/config/main.php

CSDL,

ta

thit

lp

cu

hnh

trong

file

return array(
'components'=>array(
'db'=>array(
'class'=>'system.db.CDbConnection',
'connectionString'=>'sqlite:path/to/dbfile',
// turn on schema caching to improve performance
// 'schemaCachingDuration'=>3600,
),
),
);

Defining AR Class
Mt lp (class) AR c cu trc nh sau:
class Post extends CActiveRecord
{
public static function model($className=__CLASS__)
{
return parent::model($className);
}
public function tableName()
{
return 'tbl_post';
}
}

Theo mc nh, tn ca lp AR ging tn ca bng (table). S dng ghi (override)

phng thc tableName() thay i tn bng nu cn.
Nu bng c kha chnh ta s dng phng thc primaryKey() khai bo n
public function primaryKey()
{
return 'id';
// For composite primary key, return an array like the following
// return array('pk1', 'pk2');

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Creating Record
chn mt hng mi vo bng CSDL, ta to ra mt thc th AR, thit lp gi tr cc
thuc tnh (tng ng vi gi tr cc trng ca bng) cho n. Sau gi phng
thc save() chn. Xem v d:
$post=new Post;
$post->title='sample post';
$post->content='content for the sample post';
$post->create_time=time();
$post->save();

Reading Record
c d liu trong mt bng CSDL, ta s dng phng thc find():
// find the first row satisfying the specified condition
$post=Post::model()->find($condition,$params);
// find the row with the specified primary key
$post=Post::model()->findByPk($postID,$condition,$params);
// find the row with the specified attribute values
$post=Post::model()->findByAttributes($attributes,$condition,$params);
// find the first row using the specified SQL statement
$post=Post::model()->findBySql($sql,$params);

Using Transaction with AR

$model=Post::model();
$transaction=$model->dbConnection->beginTransaction();
try
{
// find and save are two steps which may be intervened by another request
// we therefore use a transaction to ensure consistency and integrity
$post=$model->findByPk(10);
$post->title='new post title';
$post->save();
$transaction->commit();
}
catch(Exception $e)
{

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$transaction->rollBack();
}

Relational Active Record

C 4 loi relationships:

BELONGS_TO: nu quan h gia bng A v B l one-to-many

HAS_MANY: nu quan h gia bng A v B l one-to-many
HAS_ONE: nu quan h gia bng A v B l many-to-one
MANY_MANY: nu quan h gia bng A v B l many-to-many

Xem v d, vi s ER sau:

Ta khai bo cc lp AR nh sau:
class Post extends CActiveRecord
{
......
public function relations()
{
return array(
'author'=>array(self::BELONGS_TO, 'User', 'author_id'),
'categories'=>array(self::MANY_MANY, 'Category',
'tbl_post_category(post_id, category_id)'),
);

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}
}
class User extends CActiveRecord
{
......
public function relations()
{
return array(
'posts'=>array(self::HAS_MANY, 'Post', 'author_id'),
'profile'=>array(self::HAS_ONE, 'Profile', 'owner_id'),
);
}
}

bit chi tit hn v Relational AR, vui lng truy cp trang ch Yii
http://www.yiiframework.com/doc/guide/1.1/en/database.arr

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Extensions Library
Classified extension

application component
behavior
widget
controller
action
filter
validator
helper
module

Using extension
Cc extension (phn m rng) s c t trong th mc protected/extensions ca ng
dng.
Vi extension tn l xyz, chng ta c th s dng b danh theo ng dn ext.xyz
truy cp n extension . Xem v d:

class SiteController extends CController

{
// ...
public function actions()
{
return array(
'contact'=>ext.action.ContactAction',

);
}
// ...

class ContactAction extends CA

{
public function run()
{
// place the action logic he
}
}

}
protected/controllers/SiteController.php

protected/extensions/action/ContactAction.php

Vi v d trn, ta c 1 extension ContactAction (extension contact) c cha trong th

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mc protected/extensions/action. Ti controller Site ta s dng action Contact bng

cch khai bo n trong phng thc actions().

Creating extension
to extension, trc ht ta cn ch n cc vn sau:
Mt extension l mt thnh phn c lp
Cc tp tin extension cn c t chc trong cng mt th mc
Tn cc lp (class) thuc trong mt extension nn c bt u bng mt tin t
(Yii kin ngh s dng tin t s) ( phn bit vi cc class khc ca ng
dng).
Mt extension nn c i km cc ti liu API v hng dn ci t
Mt extension nn c s dng mt giy php (license) thch hp nu mun
chia s n cho cng ng
Ty vo mi loi extension ta c th to ra cc extension ph hp. V d: extension
action c cu trc class khc vi extension validator. Ta xem v d sau:
class MyValidator extends CValidator
{
protected function validateAttribute($model,$attribute)
{
$value=$model->$attribute;
if($value has error)
$model->addError($attribute,$errorMessage);
}
}

Vi v d trn, ta to mt extension validator c tn l MyValidator. Mt extenstion

validator th cn phi c mt phng thc l validateAttribute.
class ContactAction extends CAction
{
protected function run()
{
// ...place the action logic here...
}
}

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V d trn cho thy mt extension action th cn phi c mt phng thc l run.

bit cu trc class mi loi extension, bn c th truy cp vo trang ch ca Yii
(http://www.yiiframework.com/doc/guide/1.1/en/extension.create).