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Why Does America Continue to Advance Its Strategic Interests in Asia?

September 7, 2012

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One of the most important external factors of the situation in the Central Asia is the policy of the United States of America, the increasing role of which in the region is directly connected with a steady tendency of strengthening of their influence on the processes of formation of the modern international relations as a whole. The United States aspire to keep and strengthen the global leadership in a long-term prospect, realizing the growing value of the problems of the central - Asian safety for the whole context of the international stability. The termination of the Cold War and disintegration of the Soviet Union were caused by the radical changes in the global system of the international relations and a number of its regional subsystems. The emergence of five new independent states: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, in the center of the Euro-Asian continent - laid the basis for the formation of the new international and political region - the Central Asia. The need for the formation and strengthening of sovereignty, and also the transition to a new type of the economic relations caused a fast formation of the countries of the region, as the independent subjects of the world politics were interested in the active inclusion into the world political and economic processes. At the same time, the new region became the area of interests intersection and the object of the foreign policy influence both of the neighboring states - Russia, China, Iran, Turkey, and Pakistan, - and the global actors of international relations, like the USA. The USA possess the majority of possibilities to render influence of the character and dynamics of the international relations in the Central Asia, internal and external politics of the countries of the Asian region by virtue of the political, economic and war dominance in the modern world. The economic interests make up the basis of the strategic interests of the USA in Asia. It is possible to refer trade development to the major strategic interest of the USA in the

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Asian countries. The USA aspire to trade liberalization in order to avoid a trading deficiency and to open a wider access for the goods, services and the capital in the markets of the Asian countries. Such a policy is represented as rather favorable along with a high competitiveness of the American business in relation to the Japanese, South Korean, and Taiwan ones. The dual position is characteristic for the political strategy and policy of the United States. On the one hand, the USA have always pursued the policy of active expansion in all regions, including the Asian market. On the other hand, the Americans aspire to shift the responsibility for the safety of various regions of the world on their allies. By the end of the Cold War, the economy of the countries of the Asian and Pacific region endured the revolution - their economic growth was the most dynamic in comparison with the world one. A number of countries - China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea - took the leading positions in the Asian economy. The USA, occupied with two regional wars, allowed themselves to derive only the limited resources of the strengthening of the positions in the other regions of the world, including Asian and Pacific. The decision of the administration of Barack Obama to redirect the efforts in the military sphere from America to Afghanistan, and in the diplomatic - to Iran, caused, according to the estimations of the Chinese analysts, the interest of the USA in China as to the political force which can assist the stabilization of the situation in both conflicts. The USA are interested in the expansion of the sales markets of their production and services, together with one of the main importers of production of ATR. It is possible to single out the other economic interests of the United States: counteraction to the protectionist policy of a number of countries, first of all, China, finding of new objects for investments and the implementation of the policy directed at the increase of Yuan exchange rates. One of the most prominent of these emerging partners is, of course, China. Like so many other countries before it, China has prospered as part of the open

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and rules-based system that the United States helped to build and works to sustain. And today, China represents one of the most challenging and consequential bilateral relationships the United States has ever had to manage. This calls for careful, steady, dynamic stewardship, an approach to China on our part that is grounded in reality, focused on results, and true to our principles and interests (Clinton: 2011). China places figures all over the world. It is sure that its strategy will not bring success everywhere. It is still difficult to define which countries will appear in its camp. It will depend on the arrangement of the US figures. It is possible to call some probable candidates. Iran, Pakistan, and Central Asia - these countries accept considerable investments from China and would be glad to replace the present patron with Beijing, much less connected with Israel. Possessing a global range of international political interests, but limited political resources, the country still concentrates its efforts only on the chosen international political directions. In January, Chinese state media also said an increased US presence in the region could boost stability and prosperity. But it warned the US against flexing its muscles and said any US militarism could create ill will and endanger peace. (Panetta: 2012). The described strategies of the USA, which are inevitably focused on the key regions such as Central Asia, can become alternative to the disputed scenario of the development of the situation in Eurasia; they will allow involving the entire total and not realized potential of the continental cooperation, and will have a progressive value for the whole world. The above-mentioned efforts could become a successful period in the world politics for the USA. Thus, the so widely advertized international leadership of the United States will

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turn into objectively long-term reality - the rod factor, defining the shape of international relations in the 21st century.

References

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Campbell, K. (2011). Asia Overview: Protecting American Interests in China and Asia. US Department of State. Available at: http://www.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2011/03/159450.htm Clinton, H. (2011). Americas Pacific Century. Available at: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/10/11/americas_pacific_century?page=0 Glaser, B.S. (2012). Armed Clash in the south China Sea. Contingency Planning Memorandum No. 14. Council of Foreign Relations. Available at: http://www.cfr.org/east-asia/armed-clash-south-china-sea/p27883 Goh, E. (2008). Hierarchy and the Role of the United States in the East Asian Security Order. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific. 8(3): 353-377. Kapila, S. (2001). United States Strategic Over-Evaluation of Pakistan. South Asia Analysis Group. Mastanduno, M. (2009). The United States: Regional Strategies and Global Commitments. William Tow Security Politics in the Asia-Pacific. Cambridge University Press, pp. 67-84. Panetta, L. (2012). US to Deploy 60 % of Navy Fleet to Pacific. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-18305750 Wimbush, S. Enders. (2012). The United States and Central Asia. The German Marshall Fund of the United States. Available at: http://www.gmfus.org/the-united-states-and-central-asia/