Experiment 10: PPM Modulation and Demodulation

PPM Modulation and Demodulation

Aims of the Exercise

Learning about the functioning principle of pulse-phase modulation/demodulation as a pulse-time modulation procedure Comparison with the pulse-width modulation Presentation of the signal course at the output of the PPM modulator Demodulation of the PPM signal

Modulation In pulse phase modulation the phase of the carrier pulse is varied by the modulating signal. The amplitude of the carrier signal as well as its pulse duration, remains unchanged. Thus, the phase shift of the pulses that is proportional to the amplitude of the modulating signal, can be a maximum of the same or half of, the pulse period of the carrier voltage.

Fig. 1: Phase modulation of the output signal in relation to the voltage level of the input signal Pulse phase modulation avoids two serious disadvantages of pulse width modulation: Firstly in PPM, time-division multiplex can be used and secondly, the harmonic content is shifted to the region above the information band, as in pulse amplitude modulation. So these advantages are combined with the low susceptibility to interference of PWM. In the exercise assembly used here, the PPM modulator consists of a PAM modulator followed by a comparator with an amplitude reference. CEN 344 Prof. N.E. Rikli S1-1432-33 Page 1

Experiment 10: PPM Modulation and Demodulation

Fig. 2: Block schematic, PPM modulator Demodulation The demodulation of the PPM signal is achieved in two stages. First, the signal is converted back to a PAM signal by comparison with an amplitude-time reference. Then, by filtering this PAM signal with a lowpass filter, the modulation signal can be recovered. For a distinct separation in the frequency spectrums of modulation and PPM signals and thus preventing alias-frequency effects, the lowpass filter in the exercise assembly here has a limit frequency equal to half the Sample frequency.

Fig. 3: Schematic diagram, PPM demodulator

CEN 344 Prof. N.E. Rikli

S1-1432-33

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Experiment 10: PPM Modulation and Demodulation

Exercise Assembly

With all voltages removed from the Experimenter, insert the PPM modulator / demodulator . The voltage supplies 0V, +15V and -15V are connected via the bus system in the Uni-Tr@in basic unit. Guidelines will be found in the relevant operating instructions .

It is recommended to have these worksheets readily to hand. They provide extra details for the circuit diagrams. Sub-assemblies and Components Required Description UniTr@in-I Interface with virtual instruments Experimenter PPM modulator / demodulator Measuring line set 2mm UniTr@in I Order No. SO4203-2A SO4203-2B SO4201-9F SO5146-1L

Qty. 1 1 1 1

CEN 344 Prof. N.E. Rikli

S1-1432-33

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Experiment 10: PPM Modulation and Demodulation

Operator Elements and Sockets

A B C D E F G

Control signal, Sample (Modulator) Control signal, Signal Signal input, LFin Equipment earth, GND Potentiometer Gain Signal source, SIN Signal source, DC Potentiometer

K L M

Control signal, Hold (Modulator) Signal output, PPMout Signal output, SYNC Control signal,

N Sample
(Demodulator) Control signal,

P Hold
(Demodulator)

H signal source,
DC

Signal output, LFout

I J

Control signal, Reference (Demodulator) Signal input, PPMin Fig. 2: Front panel of the PPM modulator/demodulator

CEN 344 Prof. N.E. Rikli

S1-1432-33

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Experiment 10: PPM Modulation and Demodulation

PPM-Modulation
Exercise 1 Displaying the signal at the output of the PPM modulator
Synchronise the oscilloscope with a timebase of 20s/div. For this, switch the oscilloscope to 2-channel operation and connect channel B to the output SYNC. Connect the GND socket to ground. Switch the inputs of the oscilloscope to DC and the synchronisation to DC, B. With the TIME switch, select 20s and set the trigger level slightly above the 0V line of channel B. Then at the start and centre of the timebase, a SYNC pulse should be displayed. Connect the DC output of the internal DC voltage source on the PPM modulator (SO 4201-9F) to the input LFin. Set the input amplification with the "Gain" potentiometer to 1 (fully counter clockwise). Connect channel A to the modulator output PPMout. Trigger on B. Now, using the "DC" potentiometer vary the DC voltage level at the input between -2.0 V and +2.0 V. Results:

X = 20 s/DIV X/T (B)

Chan. A=

V/DIV DC

Chan. B=

V/DIV DC

Fig. 1: Signal at PPMout socket.

CEN 344 Prof. N.E. Rikli

S1-1432-33

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Experiment 10: PPM Modulation and Demodulation

Comment on the result.

Now, connect the LFin input of the PPM modulator to the internal sinewave signal output (SIN socket). Adjust the potentiometer for a signal amplitude of 4VPP for the sinewave signal. Trigger on B and change the timebase to 00s, so that one half-cycle of the sinewave signal is displayed . On channel A of the oscilloscope, measure the output PPMout and on channel B, the sync. signal at the SYNC test point. Then, measure the signals formed in the modulator at test sockets "Reference" with 20s synchronisation and the signals "Sample" and "Hold" with 200s synchronisation on channel A. As a comparison, measure the sinewave signal at the "Signal" test socket on channel B (the synchronisation always remains on channel B). Results:

X = 100 s/DIV X/T (B)

Chan. A=

V/DIV DC

Chan. B=

V/DIV DC

Fig. 2: Signal at PPMout socket.

CEN 344 Prof. N.E. Rikli

S1-1432-33

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Experiment 10: PPM Modulation and Demodulation

X = 20 s/DIV X/T (B)

Chan. A=

V/DIV DC

Chan. B=

V/DIV DC

Fig. 3: Signal at "Reference" socket

X = 200

s/DIV X/T (B)

Chan. A=

V/DIV DC

Chan. B=

V/DIV DC

Fig. 4: Signal at "Sample" socket

CEN 344 Prof. N.E. Rikli

S1-1432-33

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Experiment 10: PPM Modulation and Demodulation

X = 200 s/DIV X/T (B)

Chan. A=

V/DIV DC

Chan. B=

V/DIV DC

Fig. 5: Signal at "Hold" socket Interpret the results.

Exercise 2 Demodulating the PPM signal

Drive the PPM modulator as in the previous exercise with the sinewave signal. Connect the PPMout output of the PPM modulator to the PPMin input of the PPM demodulator. On channel B of the oscilloscope, measure the output SYNC and on channel A, the output signal of the PPM demodulator at the LFout socket. Also, measure the signals at the sockets "Reference" in comparison to the sync signal, and then the signals "Sample" and "Hold" in comparison to the demodulated sinewave signal at the output "LFout"..

CEN 344 Prof. N.E. Rikli

S1-1432-33

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Experiment 10: PPM Modulation and Demodulation

X = 500 s/DIV X/T (B)

Chan. A=

V/DIV DC

Chan. B=

V/DIV DC

Fig. 6: Signal at LFout socket.

X = 20 s/DIV X/T (B)

Chan. A=

V/DIV DC

Chan. B=

V/DIV DC

Fig. 7: Signal at "Reference" socket

CEN 344 Prof. N.E. Rikli

S1-1432-33

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Experiment 10: PPM Modulation and Demodulation

X = 200

s/DIV X/T (B)

Chan. A=

V/DIV DC

Chan. B=

V/DIV DC

Fig. 8: Signal at "Sample" socket;

X=

200

s/DIV X/T (B)

Chan. A=

V/DIV DC

Chan. B=

V/DIV DC

Fig. 9: Signal at "Hold" socket

CEN 344 Prof. N.E. Rikli

S1-1432-33

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Experiment 10: PPM Modulation and Demodulation

Interpret the results.

CEN 344 Prof. N.E. Rikli

S1-1432-33

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