2009 50 IMO

2009 7 15
1 n a1 , a2 ,..., ak ( k 2) {1, 2,..., n} n ai (ai +1 1)
i = 1, 2,..., k 1 ak ( a1 1) n
1 n a1 (a2 1) (n, a1 ) = p q =

n
n = pq p a1
p

q a2 1 (q, a2 ) = 1 n = pq a2 (a3 1) q a3 1 q a4 1
i 2 q ai 1 q ak 1 p a1 n = pq a1 (ak 1) (*)
n = pq ak (a1 1) (*) n (ak a1 )

4.804

2 ABC O P, Q CA, AB K , L, M BP, CQ, PQ

K , L, M PQ OP = OQ

A
P
M
Q

K
O
L
C

MLK = KMQ = AQP MKL = PML = APQ

APQ MKL

AP MK BQ
AP CP = AQ BQ (*)
=
=
AQ ML CP

O R (*) R OP = R OQ OP = OQ
2

OP = OQ PQ

3.710

3 S1 , S 2 , S3 ,... S S1 , S S2 , S S3 ,...

S S1 +1 , S S2 +1 , S S3 +1 ,... S1 , S 2 , S3 ,...
+

f : Z Z bn = f

( f (n) )

cn = f ( f (n) + 1) an = f (n)
f x, y

f ( x) f ( y ) x y
{bn } , {cn } d , e d = f
n f ( n) d f

( f (n + 1) ) f ( f (n) )

f (n + 1) f (n)

( f (n) + 1) f ( f (n) ) = cn bn > 0 k Z +

d c1+ k b1+ k = ( c1 b1 ) + k ( d e ) > 0

d = e cn bn = g
d f ( n + 1) f ( n) > 0 f ( n + 1) f ( n) M , m

f ( n + 1) f ( n) x, y m x y f ( x) f ( y ) M x y
r f ( r + 1) f ( r ) = M

M f (r + 1) f (r ) d = br +1 br = f ( f (r + 1) ) f ( f (r ) ) m f (r + 1) f (r )
M 2 = M f (r + 1) f (r ) d m f (r + 1) f (r ) = mM
s f ( s + 1) f ( s ) = m

mM = M f ( s + 1) f ( s) d = cs +1 cs m f ( s + 1) f ( s) = m2
d mM d d = mM

f ( f (r ) ) , f ( f (r ) + 1) ,..., f ( f (r + 1) )

f ( f ( s) ) , f ( f ( s) + 1) ,..., f ( f ( s + 1) ) M m = cr br = g
M = cs bs = g m = M an = f (n)
1.019

2009 50 IMO
2009 7 16
1 ABC AB = AC AD , BE CAB ABC K ADC
BEK = 45 CAB

E
45

D F I , D, F , K

E
45
K

CK ACB E CI
F AB IFK = 45
DK ADC IDK = 45

DF

IKF = 180 IDF = 90

IKE = 90 EIK = 45 BIC
1
1
45 = EIK = ABC + ACB = ABC
2
2
BAD = 45 CAB = 90

D , F IEC = IDC = 90 ABC AC

AB = BC ABC CAB = 60
CAB = 90 60

2.915

2 f : Z Z a , b a, f (b), f ( b + f (a) 1)
+

1 a = 1
b f (b) = f ( b + f (1) 1) (*)
f (1) 1 f (1) > 1 f (1) 1 = a (*) f (b) = f ( b + a ) f
a f Max { f ( x)} = M a = 3M a, f (b)
f ( b + f (a ) 1) f (1) = 1
b = 1 a, f (1) = 1, f

( f (a) ) f ( f (a) ) = a

a f Z + Z +
2, f (b), f ( b + f (2) 1) f (2) > 1

t = f (2) 1 > 0 f 0 < f (b + t ) f (b) < 2 b

f (b + t ) f (b) = 1 f (b + nt ) = f (b) n n
f (b + nt ) > 0 f (b + nt ) = f (b ) + n f (b + t ) f (b) = 1 b

f (1) = 1, f (1 + t ), f (1 + 2t ),..., f (1 + nt ),... f

1,1 + t ,1 + 2t ,..., t = 1 b

f (b + 1) = f (b) +1 f (1) = 1 f ( n) = n n
f ( n) = n

2.474

3a1 , a2 ,..., an M n 1 M

s = a1 + a2 + ... + an 0 n

n a1 , a2 ,..., an a1 , a2 ,..., an
M
n = 1 M = n = 2 M m a1 , a2
m k 3 n < k
a1 < a2 < ... < ak si =

a
j =1

sk = s

a1 , a2 ,..., ak ( 0, s ] = ( 0, sk ] k 2 M
( 0, sk ] k 1 M k 1 0 < m1 < m2 < ... < mk 1 < s
1 i k 1 si < mi sk 1 < mk 1
sk 1 M k 1 M
sk 1 M 1 i k 1 sk 1 ai < sk 1 < sk ai sk 1
k 2 M i0 sk 1 ai0 , sk ai0 M ai0
an M

sk ak ai0 < sk 1 mk 2 k 2 M
i si mi t st mt st 1 < mt 1 < st
t = 1 s1 = a1 M M < k ai1 M ai1
m1 a1 < ai1 k 1 M
t > 1 t st 1 < mt 1 < mt st A = {m1 , m2 ,..., mt 1}

B = {mt , mt +1 ,..., mk 1} M = A B mt 1 < st st t

t k t + 1 A
t A t 1
at t t 1 t 2 < st at = st 1 < mt 1
t 2 B

t 1 M k t + 1
B n t M
t 1 M M t 1
B t 1 > mt 1 n t
r t 1 r t 1 A
t 1 B k t
t 1 t 1 B t 1
M k t + 1 B n t
M

0.168