HUMAN HEALTH AND PHYSIOLOGY

6.4 Gas Exchange

Overview of Respiratory System

Lungs ensure your body cells are supplied with oxygen and able to give up carbon dioxide
Work

with heart and blood vessels

Aerobic cell respiration:

Requires

oxygen Chemical bonds within glucose are broken to release energy Energy stored as ATP Process requires oxygen molecules and each of the 5 carbons of glucose are given off as carbon dioxide.

6.4.4 Draw & Label Ventilation System

6.4.4 Draw & Label Ventilation System

Measuring Lung Capacity

Tidal volume: amount of air that you move in and out of your lungs while breathing normally. Vital capacity: maximum amount of air moved in and out of the lungs

6.4.1 & 2 Ventilation, etc.

Ventilation is the intake and release of air from the lungs.

Diffusion occurs with in lungs Oxygen bloodstream Carbon dioxide from bloodstream lung tissue

Gas exchange is the movement or diffusion of gases in the body (at capillaries).
Lungs: oxygen moves from air of lungs into bloodstream and carbon dioxide moves in opposite direction. Capillary bed: where the opposite occurs.

Why do we need a ventilation system?

Bodies are too think for oxygen to diffuse through our skin. Respiratory and circulatory systems function together to pick up oxygen and transport it to body cells deep in your body tissue. Also needed to maintain high concentration gradients in the alveoli to ensure diffusion of O2 in and CO2 out of the body.

Gas exchange occurs with in the alveoli

Breath in Air enters trachea Right and left primary bronchi Smaller and smaller branches of bronchi Very small branches bronchioles Air enters the small air sacs in lungs (alveoli)

6.4.3 Features of Alveoli

Adaptations of Alveoli
Spherical shape of alveoli

Advantage
Provides lg. surface area for diffusion

Flattened, single cell thinkness

Moist inner lining of alveolus Associated capillary bed nearby

Prevents resp, gases from having to diffuse through more cell layers.
Allows for efficient diffusion

Resp. gases dont have to diffuse far to reach single cell thick capillaries

6.4.3 Features of Alveoli

6.4.5 Mechanism of Ventilation

Tissue of lungs is passive and not muscular and are incapable of purposeful movement. Muscles surrounding the lungs that do control the movement, diaphragm, muscles of the abdomen, and intercostal muscles (surrounding the ribs) Lungs are within the closed thoracic cavity

Trachea only opening to the outside via mouth or nasal passages Whatever pressure does, volume will do the opposite

Based on an inverse relationship between pressure and volume.

Breathing in: Diaphragm contracts at same time as abdominal muscles and intercostal muscles raise the rib cage increasing the volume in the thoracic cavity. As thoracic cavity increases volume, pressure decreases causing a partial vacuum allowing air to enter. Breathing out is the reverse of above

6.4.5 Mechanism of inspiration (breathing in)

Breathing in: Diaphragm contracts at same time as abdominal muscles and intercostal muscles raise the rib cage increasing the volume in the thoracic cavity. As thoracic cavity increases volume, pressure decreases causing a partial vacuum allowing air to enter.
Lung tissue increase volume b/c there is less pressure exerted on it Leads to a decrease in pressure inside the lungs

Air comes in through mouth/nasal passages to counter the partial vacuum with in the lungs Breathing out is the reverse of above

6.4.5 Mechanism of Ventilation