1.

Indicate which of the following molecular characteristics will be expected to increase the solubility of a simple solute in an aqueous solution: a. a low melting point b. the presence of a polar group c. a high molecular surface area d. the presence of an ionised group e. a high boiling point Answer: a, b, d Explanation: In general, aqueous solubility decreases with increasing boiling point and melting point. Polar groups such as OH capable of hydrogen bonding with water molecules impart high solubility. Ionisation of the substituent increases solubility

2. When 0.0160g of oxygen dissolved in 1 litter of water 25C and oxygen pressure and at 300 mm Hg. Calculate a. b. 3,33 x c. 6,53 x d. 6,33 x Answer: a Explanation:

3. Indicate which of the following general statements are true: a. Acidic drugs are less soluble in acidic solutions than in alkaline solutions. b. Basic drugs are more soluble in alkaline solutions than in acid solutions. c. The zwitterion of an amphoteric drug has a higher solubility than the acidic or basic forms of the drug. d. The effective net charge on the zwitterion is zero at the isoelectric point Answer: a, d

Explaination: Acidic drugs, such as the non-steroidal anti-in ammatory agents, are less soluble in acidic solutions than in alkaline solutions because the predominant undissociated species cannot interact with water molecules to the same extent as the ionised form which is readily hydrated. Amphoteric drugs such as the sulfonamides and tetracyclines display both basic and acidic characteristics. The zwitterion has the lowest solubility.

4. In a zero-order reaction: a. The rate of decomposition is independent of the concentration of the reactants. b. The rate of decomposition is dependent on the concentration of one of the reactants. c. A plot of the amount remaining (as ordinate) against time (as abscissa) is linear with a slope of 1/k. d. The units of k are (concentration time). e. The half-life is t 0.5 = 0.693/k. Answer: a, d Explanation: The rate depends on the concentration of one reactant The units of k are time

5.

2 NOBr (g) 2 NO (g) + Br(g) is a second order reaction with respect to NOBr

If [NOBr] = 7.5 10 M, how much NOBr will be left after a reaction time of 10 minutes? a. b. c. d. 1.8 x 10 M 1.7 x 10 M 1.6 x 10 M 1.5 x 10 M

Answer: c

Explanation: One can solve for the amount of NOBr after 10 minutes by substituting the given data into the integrated rate law for a second-order reaction

6. Indicate which of the following statements are correct: a. Drug molecules in solution will diffuse from a region of high chemical potential to one of low chemical potential. b. The units of diffusion coefcient are ms1. c. The diffusion coefcient decreases as the radius of the diffusing molecule increases. d. The diffusion coefcient decreases when the viscosity of the solution is decreased. e. The diffusion coefcient increases when the temperature is increased. Answer: a, c, e

Explanation: Drug molecules in solution will spontaneously diffuse from a region of high chemical potential to one of low chemical potential. The diffusion coefcient decreases as the radius of the diffusing molecule increases. The diffusion coefcient increases when the temperature is increased.

7. Calculate the dissolution rate of a hydrophobic drug having the following physicochemical characteristics:

a. 1.32 mg/sec b. 1.22 mg/sec c. 1.12 mg/sec d. 1.21 mg/sec Answer: b Explanation: