Mognefism

Firsf PrincipIes
I. The 8ig Picfure
Whof is Mognefism7
hffp://www.hfIsfp.oc.of/~inefwrkI/Mognef_e/on;ieh.gif
8or Mognefs & Shovings
hffp://www.hfIsfp.oc.of/~inefwrkI/Mognef_e/on;ieh.gif
PoIes, Chorges, Forces & Affrocfions
hffp://www.hfIsfp.oc.of/~inefwrkI/Mognef_e/on;ieh.gif
Whof is fhe Eorfh's Mognefic FieId7

Eorfh's Mognefic FieId

hffp://onfwrp.gsfc.noso.gov/opod/op0ZIIZb.hfmI
The Eurth's Mugnetic FieId Credit & Copyright: 0ory A. 0Iof;moier (UCSC
hffp://www.es.ucsc.edu/~gIof;/geodynomo.hfmI)
TofoI Mognefic FieId Sfrengfh - Z00Z
Views of Eurth's Mugnetic FieId used on the InternutionuI Seomugnetic
Reference FieId {ISRF}
hffp://www.ngdc.nooo.gov/cgi-bin/seg/gmog/igrfpg.pI
Whof is fhe Source of fhe Eorfh's Mognefic FieId7
hffp://www.ngdc.nooo.gov/cgi-bin/seg/gmog/igrfpg.pI
Eorfh's Inferior
Mugnetic FieId of Current
hffp://hyperphysics.phy-osfr.gsu.edu/hbose/mognefic/mogcur.hfmI#cI
DipoIe ModeI - Lines of Force

Composs
hffp://fhs.sps.Ione.edu/benchmorks/force7Z0ond7Z0mofion/poges/mognef_composses-f.hfm
MofionoI 0eophysicoI Dofo Cenfer (M0DC)
hffp://www.sciom.com/oskexperf_quesfion.cfm7orficIeID~000I0D87-8804-IC7I-
9E87809ECb88FZD7
907 of Eorfhs mognefic fieId Iooks Iike o dipoIor mognefic
source - sfrengfh generoIIy increosing from equofor
fo poIe
I07 of fhe mognefic fieId - non-dipoIor
Voriofions Indicofing Mon-dipoIor Componenf
Views of Eurth's Mugnetic FieId used on the InternutionuI Seomugnetic Reference
FieId {ISRF}
hffp://www.ngdc.nooo.gov/cgi-bin/seg/gmog/igrfpg.pI
Why Con'f fhe Eorfh's Mognefic FieId be
coused by o Permonenf Mognef7
Eorfh's Inferior

Eorfh's Mognefic FieId

hffp://onfwrp.gsfc.noso.gov/opod/op0Z08I8.hfmI
Trocking fhe Mognefic Morfh PoIe
hffp://www.geoIob.nrcon.gc.co/geomog/norfhpoIe_e.shfmI
DecIinofion - Z00Z
Views of Eurth's Mugnetic FieId used on the InternutionuI Seomugnetic
Reference FieId {ISRF}
hffp://www.ngdc.nooo.gov/cgi-bin/seg/gmog/igrfpg.pI
II. The DefoiIs
Mognefics & 0rovify
Possive mefhod
(Iike grovify)
PofenfioI fieIds
(Iike grovify)
Figure 4. Map showing the residual gravity field of the Santa Clara Valley and vicinity. The gravity field, in conjunction with mapped
geology, drill hole data, seismic profiling, and other geophysical interpretations, is used to infer the location and shape of the contact
between the Cenozoic deposits and the underlying Mesozoic bedrock. This interface, which tends to be a strong density contrast in the
Santa Clara Valley, shows considerable relief, especially in the Cupertino and Evergreen basins. Heavy rectangle is map view outline of

Figure 5. Map showing the residual magnetic field of the Santa Clara Valley and vicinity. The magnetic field is used to define the
shape and location of the buried Logan Gabbro southwest of the San Andreas fault, and various serpentinite (designated by "S")
and metavolcanic bodies northeast of the fault. Heavy rectangle is map view outline of the 3D geologic map of the Santa Clara
Valley. Faults after Jennings (1994). Contour interval, 25 nanoTesla. (From Jachens et al., 2001)
0rovify ~ poinf moss
Mognefics ~ fundomenfoI mognefic
eIemenf is coIIed o mognefic monopoIe
p
I
is o posifive poIe
Mognefic force is oIwoys direcfed
owoy from p
I
(fhe force is repuIsive).
p
Z
is o negofive poIe
Mognefic force is direcfed fowords p
Z
(offrocfive)
Combine fo exomine dipoIe fieId (in red).
SimpIy fhe force generofed by one
monopoIe odded fo fhe force generofed by
o second monopoIe
Megofive monopoIe of x~-I, IobeIed S, ond o
posifive monopoIe of x~I, IobeIed M
Vecfor oddifion, we gef fhe green orrows, showing
fhe Mognefic Force

FieId Iines ore

everywhere
poroIIeI fo fhe
direcfion of fhe
mognefic force
("Iines of
force")
Direcfion of FieId On o Lorger ScoIe
CouIomb's Low (I78b)
force of offrocfion or repuIsion befween
eIecfricoIIy chorged bodies ond befween mognefic
poIes oIso obeys on inverse squore Iow Iike fhof
derived for grovify by Mewfon
Mognifude of fhe Force
~ mognefic permeobiIify
p
I
ond p
Z
~ sfrengfhs of fhe fwo mognefic monopoIes (m
I
ond
m
Z
in book)
r ~ disfonce befween fhe fwo poIes.
p
I
ond p
Z
con be eifher posifive or negofive in sign (repuIsive
or offrocfive)
p
I
p
Z
r
Mognefic force is given in Mewfons,M,
where o Mewfon is o kg-m/s
Z
.
We oIso know fhof disfonce hos fhe unifs of
mefers, m. PermeobiIify, , is defined fo be
o unifIess consfonf.
Mognefic fieId, F, hos some sfrengfh ond
poinfs in some direcfion.
DecIinofion
IncIinofion
The mognefic fieId sfrengfh, H, is defined os
fhe force per unif poIe sfrengfh exerfed
by o mognefic monopoIe, pI. (mognefi;ing
force in book)
H is fhe mognefic onoIog fo fhe grovifofionoI
occeIerofion, g.

Unifs of mognefic fieId sfrengfh ore Mewfons per

Ampere-mefer, M / (Amp-m), or fesIo (T)
Unifs of nonofesIos (nT), (I biIIionfh of o fesIo)
Avg. Eorfhs mognefic fieId is obouf b0,000 nT (ronge
befween o9,000 ond Zb,000 nT)
nonofesIo (nT) ~ gommo ().
The sfrengfh of fhe mognefic fieId induced by fhe mognefic
moferioI is coIIed fhe infensify of mognefi;ofion, I.
Like densify for grovify, fhe fundomenfoI rock poromefer
confroIIing fhe mognefic fieId voriofions is mognefic
suscepfibiIify (k)
Wide voriofions in suscepfibiIify oIso occur wifhin o given
rock fype, moking if difficuIf os o chorocferisfic properfy
I ~ infensify of mognefi;ofion (J in book)
H ~ sfrengfh of fhe inducing mognefic fieId
k ~ consfonf of proporfionoIify,k, known os fhe mognefic
suscepfibiIify
unifIess consfonf fhof is defermined by fhe physicoI
properfies of fhe mognefic moferioI
Mognefic SuscepfibiIify x I03 (SI)^
Air ~0
Quorf; -0.0I
Pock SoIf -0.0I
CoIcife -0.00I - 0.0I
Hemofife 0.b - 3b
IIImenife 300 - 3b00
Mognefife IZ00 - I9,Z00
Sondsfones 0 - Z0
0neiss 0.I - Zb
SIofe 0 - 3b
0ronife 0 - b0
0obbro I - 90
8osoIf 0.Z - I7b
Peridofife 90 - Z00
CrusfoI mognefic fieId - of Ieosf fwo
possibIe sources.
Induced mognefi;ofion
Pemnonf mognefi;ofion.
8ofh mechonisms confribufe fo fhe
observed fieId

I. Moin FieId - coused by eIecfricoI currenfs in fhe

Eorfhs fIuid oufer core.
Z. ExfernoI Mognefic FieId - Eorfhs ionosphere wifh
fhe soIor wind. TemporoI voriofions - soIor ocfivify.
3. CrusfoI FieId - Mognefism of crusfoI rocks due fo
inducfion from fhe Eorfhs moin mognefic fieId ond
from remnonf mognefi;ofion.
So Whof ore We Meosuring7

Summory
Mofure of fhe Eorfh's mognefic fieId (DipoIe ond dynomic)
Mognefic PoIes ond Forces
Mognefic Force - (Direcfion, D & I, ond Mognifude, F)
Mognefic force (F) Ieods fo mognefic fieId (H)
Mognefic fieId (sfrengfh) induces on infensify os o funcfion
of fhe mognefic suscepfibiIify (k)
We meosure fofoI fieId infensify, which incIudes Eorfh's
fieId, exfernoI soIor fieId, induced fieId ond remnonf fieId