A girl turns the handle of a small a.c. generator four times each second.

The generator produces a

maximum output voltage of 0.5 V.
Which of the following graphs best shows this?

Which statement about the action of a transformer is correct?

A An e.m.f. is induced in the secondary coil when an alternating voltage is applied to the
primary coil.
B An e.m.f. is induced in the secondary coil when there is a steady direct current in the primary
coil.
C The current in the secondary coil is always larger than the current in the primary coil.
D The voltage in the secondary coil is always larger than the voltage in the primary coil.

A permanent magnet can be demagnetised by using a solenoid and switching the current on then
off.
Which diagram shows the most effective method of producing demagnetisation?

Each of the diagrams below is a cross-section through two parallel current-carrying conductors.
Which diagram correctly shows the magnetic field pattern formed by the currents in the two
conductors?

A wire hangs between the poles of a magnet.

When there is a current in the wire, in which direction does the wire move?

Fig. 9.1 is a sketch of some apparatus, found in a Science museum, which was once used to
show how electrical energy can be converted into kinetic energy.
When the switch is closed the wheel starts to turn.
switch

+
metal
supports

d.c. supply

magnet

metal
spoked
wheel

N
small dish of
mercury

S
magnet
wood base
Fig. 9.1
(a) Explain why the wheel turns when the switch is closed.

..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) On Fig. 9.1, draw an arrow to show the direction of rotation of the wheel.

[1]

(c) The d.c. motor is another way to convert electrical energy into kinetic energy.
In the space below, draw a labelled diagram of a d.c. motor.

[3]
(d) Describe how the split-ring commutator on an electric motor works.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [2]

In the laboratory demonstration shown in Fig. 11.1, a copper rod rolls at a steady speed down
the sloping parallel copper rails. The rails are in the region of a strong magnetic field that acts
vertically downwards.

(a)
Explain why the voltmeter shows a deflection.
...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) State, with reasons, the effect on the voltmeter deflection of the following changes:
(i)

increasing the strength of the magnetic field,

deflection ...........................................................................................................................
reason ...............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................

(ii)

slightly increasing the slope of the copper rails,

deflection ...........................................................................................................................
reason ...............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................

(iii) changing the direction of the magnetic field so it is parallel to the copper rails and directed
down the slope.
deflection ...........................................................................................................................
reason ...............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [4]
Fig. 8.1 shows a simple transformer.

(a) State the metal used for the core of a transformer.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Explain how an alternating current in the primary coil causes the lamp to light.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c) Transformers are used to produce high voltages for the transmission of electrical power
over long distances.
State one advantage of high voltage transmission.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]