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DEFINITION: A blood bank is a cache or bank of blood or blood components, gathered as a result of blood donation, stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusion. The term "Blood bank" typically refers to a division of a hospital laboratory where the storage of blood product occurs and where proper testing is performed to reduce the risk of transfusion related events. This includes compatibility testing for transfusion and may include blood donation processing, depending on the capabilities of the facility.
INTRODUCTION
Today, it is not just a bank to collect & issue blood, it prepares and supplies individual blood component, to the patients as and when the need arises during the course of treatment. The planning & management of any blood bank depends on number of functions it is required to serve and the number of units of demand of blood & blood products. In recent years blood transfusion services have become an integral part of the health care system. The primary objective planning for a blood bank is to ensure adequacy, accessibility and efficient supply of blood & its products in a safe, cost effective and coordinated manner. A Blood Bank today is a place or organization or unit or institution or other arrangements made by such organization, unit or institution for carrying out all, or any of the operations for collection, apheresis, storage, processing & distribution of blood components.
PLANNING DETAILS
Following are the part of planning program of a blood bank and transfusion centre.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Locations and Surroundings Space Requirements Functional & Operational Aspects Staffing of Blood Bank List of Equipment in the Blood Bank Waste Disposal Record Keeping Good Manufacturing Practices / SOPS
FROZEN BLOOD
Frozen blood is the newest concept in blood banking. It is needed in a tertiary level hospital because, Frozen RBC has a shelf life of one year. All parameters of blood cells is maintained for a year. In this case 4-5 days of old blood is generally frozen. it allows building a long term inventory of rare blood groups. Frozen cells can also be effectively stocked for military mobilization or for any civil disaster.
The quality requirements involve : Quality control and proficiency testing Internal and external audits Personnel and organization Premises, equipment and materials Documentation Blood processing Complaints and component recall Investigation of errors and accidents
Biologic Event
Explosive Device
Chemical Event
Radiation
Major Fires
Building Collapse
Blizzards
The blood bank or transfusion service shall have emergency operation plans, to respond to the effects of disasters. The intent of this requirement is that facilities have policies, processes, and procedures that address both employee safety and that ensure the facilitys ability to provide clinical care during times of extreme need, whether disasters be internal or external. Some examples of management planning include maintaining multiple alternate providers for critical services and supplies, alternative options for transportation of blood samples and personnel, alternative site location, and staffing alternatives.
DISASTER PLAN
TRANSFUSION SERVICES
Initiation of Disaster Response Clarity of Communication Definition of Responsibilities Personnel, Reagents, Equipment, etc. Blood Procurement
(Blood Substitutes when they are available.)
Patient Identification Degree of Testing Issuing, Transportation (pneumatic Tube), and Storage Termination of Disaster Response