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Mathematics Paper 2 Exam Revision Learners Guide
Winter School July 2012
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- Make sure you know the properties of geometric figures such as isosceles
triangles, equilateral triangles, right angled triangles, the kite, parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus and square. You can be asked to confirm the properties of
these figures in Co-ordinate Geometry questions.
Tips for Paper 2
These are additional exam tips you can share with your learners:
Trig Graphs
- It is useful to know the effects of parameters on a trig graph.
- Consider: y = Asin (Bx-C)+D
- A - changes the amplitude (Shape change)
- B changes the period (shape change) where period = 360/A
- C - horizontal shift (position change) e.g. sin(x-30) moves the graph of sinx by 30
o
to the
right
- D - Vertical shift (position change) e.g. sin(x)-1 moves the graph of sinx by 1 unit down
Trig Equations
- This is when you are asked to solve for the angle. Think general solutions and reference
angles.
- Tips:
o bring all to one side
o change to sin and cos
o use squared Ids and double angle formulas
o find a way to factorise!
o Get simple trig expressions where you can find ref angles and general solutions
from them.
Pythagoras Questions
If 3sin + 5 = 0 and cos > 0, without a calculator, evaluate sin. We have an equation, a restriction and are
asked to find the value of something else a typical pythag question!
Method: Get the trig ratio on the LHS (sin = -5/3 y/r) then calc the quad using the restriction
sin < 0 and cos > 0
Now use a diagram & Pythag to get the missing side and give it the correct sign.
Trig identities
Proving a left hand side equals a right hand side. Start with the more complicated side. Tools you
can use are:
- change to sin and cos
- use squared Ids and double angle formulas
- find LCD where needed
- factorise
- if you get stuck with the LHS, try the RHS and see!
S A
T
C
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Sin Rule:
In a solution of s question use the sin rule to find a missing side or angle only if you have either
2 angles and 1 side or 2 sides and an angle given opposite on of the known sides. (Note if the side
opp the given angle is the smaller of the 2 sides, there are 2 solutions)
Area Rule
To use the area rule you need to know 3 things. 2 sides and an included angle.
area rule
Cos Rule
In a solution of s question use the cos rule
- to find the side opp a given angle when we have 2 sides and an included angle
- To find an angle when we have 3 sides given
cos rule missing side
A tangent to a circle
A tangent is just a straight line so you need m & c.
- Find the gradient of the radius from centre to the pt of contact
(where tang meets circle)
- Get grad of tangent using fact that grad tang is to grad radius
- Now you know m in y = mx+c
- Next using eqns of straight lines, sub in pt of contact to get c and done!
Translation rotation about the origin
- If the rotation is clockwise by , use an angle of = 360
- in the formula for the image of
(x, y). Remember this formula is on the formula sheet x =xcos ysin and y =
ycos+xsin. Remember also
o A(x,y) A(-y, x) after rotation of 90
o
about origin
o B(x,y) B(-x,-y) after rotation of 180
o
about origin
The Distance formula
If you are given the distance between to points AB. You can use the distance formula but
remember to square both sides. E.g. if AB =
2 2
where A(a, 2) & B(-3, 5)
Since AB =
2 2
AB2 = (
2 2
)2 (a+3)2+(2-5)2 = 8 now simply solve for a.
Putting an equation of a circle into standard form
Done by completing the square. E.g. x
2
+y
2
-4x +8y -1 =0
Write as x
2
-4x +y
2
+8y =1 now halve the b term and square it to create 2 trinomials.
x
2
-4x +(4)-(4)+ y
2
+8y+(16)-(16) =1 . Now factorise the two trinomials taking the ve terms to the
RHS. (x-2)
2
+ (y+4)
2
= 1+20 so r = 21 and the centre is (2, -4)
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Angle between 2 lines
Use the fact that gradient m=tan where is read anti-clockwise from +ve x-axis.
So m
1
=tan
-1
(
1
) & m
2
=tan
-1
(
2
) . now get the angle by using bigger angle minus smaller angle. =
1
2
Note if gradient is negative use (180
0
-ref angle) to get .
1
2
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Topic Tips for Co-ordinate Geometry & Transformations
Overview
- Straight lines on Cartesian plane
- Circles on Cartesian Plane
- Transformations
Straight lines on Cartesian plane
Know how to apply formulae
- Gradient
- Perpendicular Lines
- Mid-point
- Distance between two points
Circles on Cartesian plane
- Circle with centre at origin
- Circle with centre not at the origin
- Circle & tangent
Transformations
Know how to apply the following transformations to a point or a shape
- Translation
- Reflection
- Rotation
- Enlargement
Study Hints
- Be familiar with the data sheet
- Write up a summary of all the formulae one a single A4 page including the formulae
not on the data sheet
- Revise the geometric properties of triangles and quadrilaterals
Mathematics Paper 2 Exam Revision Learners Guide
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1
2
BPQ A
Topic 1: Co-ordinate Geometry & Transformations
Question 1
The diagram below shows the points P(0 ; 2) and Q(4 ; 0). Point A is the midpoint of PQ.
The line AB is perpendicular to PQ and intersects the x-axis at G and the y-axis at B.
1.1 Show that the gradient of PQ is (1)
1.2 Determine the coordinates of A. (2)
1.3 Determine the equation of the line AB (5)
1.4 Calculate the length of BQ. (3)
1.5 Show that is isosceles. (2)
1.6 If PBQR is a rhombus, determine the coordinates of R. (3)
[16]
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Question 2
The straight line AB has the equation 5 3 5 0 y x = . Another straight line CD is drawn to
intersect AB at P(5; 4) such that the acute angle between AB and CD is 45 .
2.1 Determine the gradient of the line CD. (5)
2.2 Hence, or otherwise, determine the equation of the line CD. (2)
[7]
Question 3
3.1 Determine the centre and radius of the circle with the equation defined by
2 2
8 4 38 0 x y x y + + + = (4)
3.2 A second circle has the equation
2 2
( 4) ( 6) 26 x y + = . Calculate the distance
between the centres of the two circles. (2)
3.3 Hence, show that the circles intersect each other. (3)
3.4 Show that the circles intersect along the line 4 y x = + . (4)
[13]
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Question 4
The point ( ; 2) x is rotated about the origin through an angle of 150 in an anticlockwise
direction to give the point ( 3; ) y . Calculate the values of x and y. [5]
Question 5
In the diagram below MNP is given with vertices M( 5 ; 2), N (6 ; 4) and P(2 ; 4).
MNP is enlarged by a factor of 1,5 to .
5.1 Draw on the grid provided. (3)
5.2 Write down the vales of:
5.2.1 (2)
5.2.2 (2)
5.3 If the above transformation is applied to n more times to get the image
, write down the value of . (2)
[9]
A
A
/ / /
P N M A
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
x
y
O
/ / /
P N M A
/ /
N M
MN
/ / /
P N M area
MNP area
MNP A
// // //
P N M
// // //
P N M area
MNP area
M( 5 ; 2)
P(2 ; 4)
N(6 ; 4)
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Topic Tips for Trigonometric Equations & Identities
Overview
Mathematics Paper 2 Exam Revision Learners Guide
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Topic 2: Trigonometric Equations & Identities
Question 1
Adapted from February, 2011,DOE Paper 2, 10.4
Determine the general solution of:
(7)
Question 2
Adapted from November, 2009, DOE Paper 2, 9.3
Determine the general solution of:
(7)
Question 3
Adapted from October, 2009, DOE Paper 2, 5.1 and 5.2
The following identity is given:
3.1 Give the values of A for which this identity will be undefined. (2)
3.2 Prove the following identity (6)
Question 4
Adapted from February/March, 2011, DOE Paper 2, 10.5.2
Prove that:
for all other values of x. (5)
Question 5
Adapted from November, 2008, Western Cape DOE Paper 2, 4.1
Simplify the following to its simplest form:
(5)
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Question 6
Adapted from June, 2008, DOE Paper 2, 4.2
Given that sin27 express each of the following in term of t:
6.1 (2)
6.2 (3)
6.3 (2)
6.4 (3)
Question 7
Adapted from November, 2008, DOE Western Cape Paper 2, 5.1
Answer the following without the use of the calculator:
Given that:
and
, where , calculate:
7.1 (6)
7.2 (3)
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Solutions to Topic 1: Co-ordinate Geometry & Transformations
Question 1
1.1
PQ
2 0 1
0 4 2
m
= =
substitution
(1)
1.2
0 4 2 0
A ; A(2 ; 1)
2 2
+ + | |
=
|
\ .
x-coordinate
y-coordinate
(2)
1.3
AB PQ
AB
. 1
2
1 2( 2)
1 2 4
2 3
m m
m
y x
y x
y x
=
=
=
=
=
AB PQ
. 1 m m =
AB
2 m =
equation of line
substitution
2 3 y x =
(5)
1.4
2 2 2
2
B(0 ; 3)
Q(4 ; 0)
BQ (0 4) ( 3 0)
BQ 25
BQ 5
= +
=
=
B(0; 3)
substitution
answer
(3)
1.5 BP 5
But BQ 5
BP BQ
BPQ is isosceles
=
=
=
A
BP 5 =
BP BQ =
(2)
1.6 If PBQR is a rhombus, then A is the midpoint of BR.
Let the coordinates of R be ( ; ) x y
0 3
2 and 1
2 2
4 and 5
R(4 ; 5)
x y
x y
+
= =
= =
A is the midpoint
x-coordinate
y-coordinate
(3)
[16]
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Question 2
2.1
AB
5 3 5 0
5 3 5
3
1
5
3
5
Let be the inclination of AB
3
tan
5
30, 96
Let be the inclination of CD
45 30, 96 75, 96
gradient of CD tan 75, 96 4
y x
y x
y x
m
=
= +
= +
=
o
o =
o =
|
| = + =
= =
AB
3
5
m =
3
tan
5
o =
30, 96 o =
75, 96 | =
CD
4 m =
(5)
2.2 4 4( 5)
4 4 20
4 16
y x
y x
y x
=
=
=
substitution
equation
(2)
[7]
Question 3
3.1
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
8 4 38 0
8 4 38
8 16 4 4 38 16 4
( 4) ( 2) 58
Centre ( 4 ; 2)
radius 58
x y x y
x x y y
x x y y
x y
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + + + = + +
+ + + =
=
=
completing the
square
factor form
centre
radius
(4)
3.2 Centre of second circle: (4 ; 6)
2 2
Distance ( 4 4) ( 2 6) 128 = + =
(4 ; 6)
128
(2)
3.3
sum of radii 58 26 12, 71
Distance between centres 128 11, 31
sum of radii distance between centres
circles intersect
= + =
= =
>
sum of radii
conclusion
(3)
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3.4 Check that the line 4 y x = + cuts the two circles at
the same point.
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
8 4 38 0
( 4) 8 4( 4) 38 0
8 16 8 4 16 38 0
2 4 6 0
2 3 0
( 3)( 1) 0
3 or 1
x y x y
x x x x
x x x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
+ + + =
+ + + + + =
+ + + + =
=
=
+ =
= =
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
( 4) ( 6) 26
( 4) ( 4 6) 26
8 16 ( 2) 26
8 16 4 4 26
2 4 6 0
2 3 0
( 3)( 1) 0
3 or 1
x y
x x
x x x
x x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
+ =
+ + =
+ + =
+ + + + =
=
=
+ =
= =
substitution
answer
substitution
answer
(4)
[13]
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Question 4
3 cos150 2sin150
3 ( cos30 ) 2sin30
3 cos30 2sin30
3 1
3 2
2 2
6 3 2
3 4
4
3
sin150 2cos150
4
sin30 2cos30
3
4 1 3
2
2 2 3
2
3
3
2 3 3
3
2 3
3
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
y x
y
y
y
y
y
=
=
=
| |
| |
=
|
|
\ .
\ .
=
=
=
= +
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
| || |
=
|
| |
\ . \ .
\ .
=
=
1
3
y =
3 cos150 2sin150 x =
3 1
3 2
2 2
x
| |
| |
=
|
|
\ .
\ .
4
3
x =
sin150 2cos150 y x = +
1
3
y =
[5]
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Question 5
5.1
5.1 see diagram above coordinates of new
points
(3)
5.2.1 2 2 2
2
/ /
/ /
MN (6 ( 5)) (4 2)
MN 125
MN 125
3
M N 125
2
MN 125 2
3
3
M N
125
2
= +
=
=
=
= =
MN 125 =
/ /
MN 2
3
M N
=
(2)
5.2.2
/ / / 2
area MNP 1 1 4
9
9
area M N P
3
4
2
= = =
| |
|
\ .
4
9
(2)
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5.3 1
// // //
area MNP 4
9
area M N P
n+
| |
=
|
\ .
answer
(2)
[9]
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Solutions to Topic 2: Trigonometric Equations & Identities
Question 1
Reference angle: Reference angle: 0
Question 2
A
C
T
S
A
C
T
S
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Question 3
3.1
3.2
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Question 4
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Question 5
Question 6
6.1
6.2
6.3
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6.4
Question 7
and
and
7.1
C T
A
S
T
S
C
A
-3
5
4
-8
17
15
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7.2
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Notes
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