2102 ,9 rebotcO

gnireenignE scimanyD ytilicaF

reenignE roineS
srelleS divaD
:rotcurtsnI

weivrevO dna noitcudortnI

noitcudortnI

pohskroW margaiD metsyS

NOITCUDORTNI

....sthgiiiirypoc ro ,,,,skramedart ,,,,stnetap ,,,,ot detiiiimiiiillll ton tub ,,,,gniiiidullllcniiii

sthg rypoc ro skramedart stnetap ot det m ton tub gn du cn
sthg rypoc ro skramedart stnetap ot det m ton tub gn du cn
sthg rypoc ro skramedart stnetap ot det m ton tub gn du cn
,,,,sthgiiiir denwo ylllletaviiiirp yna egniiiirfniiii ton dlllluow esu stiiii taht stneserpeR )3(
sthg r denwo y etav rp yna egn rfn ton d uow esu st taht stneserpeR )3(
sthg r denwo y etav rp yna egn rfn ton d uow esu st taht stneserpeR )3(
sthg r denwo y etav rp yna egn rfn ton d uow esu st taht stneserpeR )3(
ro ;n ereh
ro ;n ereh
ro ;n ereh
ro ;niiiiereh
den atnoc yc op ro dohtem ssecorp tcudorp sutarappa no tamrofn yna fo
den atnoc yc op ro dohtem ssecorp tcudorp sutarappa no tamrofn yna fo
den atnoc yc op ro dohtem ssecorp tcudorp sutarappa no tamrofn yna fo
deniiiiatnoc yciiiillllop ro ,,,,dohtem ,,,,ssecorp ,,,,tcudorp ,,,,sutarappa ,,,,noiiiitamrofniiii yna fo
ssenete pmoc ro ycarucca eht rof yt b snopser ro yt ba age yna semussA )2(
ssenete pmoc ro ycarucca eht rof yt b snopser ro yt ba age yna semussA )2(
ssenete pmoc ro ycarucca eht rof yt b snopser ro yt ba age yna semussA )2(
ssenetellllpmoc ro ycarucca eht rof ytiiiilllliiiibiiiisnopser ro ytiiiilllliiiibaiiiillll llllagellll yna semussA )2(
;esoprup ra uc trap a rof ssent f ro yt batnahcrem gn nrecnoc esoht ot det m
;esoprup ra uc trap a rof ssent f ro yt batnahcrem gn nrecnoc esoht ot det m
;esoprup ra uc trap a rof ssent f ro yt batnahcrem gn nrecnoc esoht ot det m
;esoprup ralllluciiiitrap a rof ssentiiiif ro ytiiiilllliiiibatnahcrem gniiiinrecnoc esoht ,,,,ot detiiiimiiiillll
ton tub gn du cn de pm ro desserpxe ytnarraw aro ro nett rw yna sekaM )1(
ton tub gn du cn de pm ro desserpxe ytnarraw aro ro nett rw yna sekaM )1(
ton tub gn du cn de pm ro desserpxe ytnarraw aro ro nett rw yna sekaM )1(
ton tub ,,,,gniiiidullllcniiii ,,,,deiiiillllpmiiii ro desserpxe ,,,,ytnarraw llllaro ro nettiiiirw yna sekaM )1(
:stnega dna seeyo pme st fo
:stnega dna seeyo pme st fo
:stnega dna seeyo pme st fo
:stnega dna seeyollllpme stiiii fo
yna ron )E&GP( ynapmoC c rtce E dna saG c f caP reht eN ro vaheb e banosaer fo
yna ron )E&GP( ynapmoC c rtce E dna saG c f caP reht eN ro vaheb e banosaer fo
yna ron )E&GP( ynapmoC c rtce E dna saG c f caP reht eN ro vaheb e banosaer fo
yna ron )E&GP( ynapmoC ciiiirtcellllE dna saG ciiiifiiiicaP rehtiiiieN ....roiiiivaheb ellllbanosaer fo
sdradnats age hs batse ro ec vda age ed vorp ot dednetn ton era dna margorp
sdradnats age hs batse ro ec vda age ed vorp ot dednetn ton era dna margorp
sdradnats age hs batse ro ec vda age ed vorp ot dednetn ton era dna margorp
sdradnats llllagellll hsiiiillllbatse ro eciiiivda llllagellll ediiiivorp ot dednetniiii ton era dna margorp
llllanoiiiitacude ,,,,eerf a htiiiiw noiiiitcnujjjjnoc niiii desu eb ot deraperp erew sllllaiiiiretam esehT
ano tacude eerf a ht w no tcnu noc n desu eb ot deraperp erew s a retam esehT
ano tacude eerf a ht w no tcnu noc n desu eb ot deraperp erew s a retam esehT
ano tacude eerf a ht w no tcnu noc n desu eb ot deraperp erew s a retam esehT
....secnatsmucriiiic llllaudiiiiviiiidniiii ot detpada ylllletaiiiirporppa eb tsum hciiiihw ,,,,snoiiiitautiiiis
secnatsmucr c aud v dn ot detpada y eta rporppa eb tsum hc hw sno taut s
secnatsmucr c aud v dn ot detpada y eta rporppa eb tsum hc hw sno taut s
secnatsmucr c aud v dn ot detpada y eta rporppa eb tsum hc hw sno taut s
llllaciiiipyt etartsulllllllliiii dna yfiiiirallllc ot tnaem era dna niiiiereh debiiiircsed seiiiigollllonhcet
ac pyt etartsu dna yf ra c ot tnaem era dna n ereh deb rcsed se go onhcet
ac pyt etartsu dna yf ra c ot tnaem era dna n ereh deb rcsed se go onhcet
ac pyt etartsu dna yf ra c ot tnaem era dna n ereh deb rcsed se go onhcet
eht eb rcsed y etarucca ot deve eb s tnemucod s ht n no tamrofn ehT
eht eb rcsed y etarucca ot deve eb s tnemucod s ht n no tamrofn ehT
eht eb rcsed y etarucca ot deve eb s tnemucod s ht n no tamrofn ehT
eht ebiiiircsed ylllletarucca ot deveiiiilllleb siiii tnemucod siiiiht niiii noiiiitamrofniiii ehT

rem a cs D
rem a cs D
rem a cs D
remiiiiallllcsiiiiD

NOITCUDORTNI

....detiiiibiiiihorp siiii redlllloh thgiiiirypoc eht fo

det b horp s red oh thg rypoc eht fo
det b horp s red oh thg rypoc eht fo
det b horp s red oh thg rypoc eht fo
no ss mrep nett rw tuoht w no tatneserp eht fo esu dna ya ps d
no ss mrep nett rw tuoht w no tatneserp eht fo esu dna ya ps d
no ss mrep nett rw tuoht w no tatneserp eht fo esu dna ya ps d
noiiiissiiiimrep nettiiiirw tuohtiiiiw noiiiitatneserp eht fo esu dna yallllpsiiiid
,,,,noiiiitubiiiirtsiiiid ,,,,noiiiitcudorpeR ....swallll thgiiiirypoC llllanoiiiitanretnIIII
no tub rts d no tcudorpeR swa thg rypoC ano tanretn
no tub rts d no tcudorpeR swa thg rypoC ano tanretn
no tub rts d no tcudorpeR swa thg rypoC ano tanretn
dna SU yb detcetorp eb yam no tatneserp s ht fo a ro emoS
dna SU yb detcetorp eb yam no tatneserp s ht fo a ro emoS
dna SU yb detcetorp eb yam no tatneserp s ht fo a ro emoS
dna SU yb detcetorp eb yam noiiiitatneserp siiiiht fo lllllllla ro emoS
slairetaM thgirypoC
slairetaM thgirypoC
slairetaM thgirypoC
slairetaM thgirypoC

NOITCUDORTNI

smargaid metsys
poleved ot uoy ot elbaliava loot eht htiw railimaf eB
noitarepo gniogno dna ,gninoissimmoc ,ngised
troppus ot smargaid metsys ylppa ot woh dnatsrednU
smargaid metsys retaw dna
ria neewteb ecnereffid dna seitiralimis eht dnatsrednU
margaid metsys a dniheb stpecnoc yek eht dnatsrednU
tpecnoc metsys eht ecarbme dna nialpxE

:ot e ba eb d uohs uoy esruoc s ht gn te pmoc retfA

:ot e ba eb d uohs uoy esruoc s ht gn te pmoc retfA
:ot e ba eb d uohs uoy esruoc s ht gn te pmoc retfA
:ot ellllba eb dlllluohs uoy esruoc siiiiht gniiiitellllpmoc retfA
sevitcejbO gninraeL
sevitcejbO gninraeL
sevitcejbO gninraeL
sevitcejbO gninraeL

NOITCUDORTNI

scitsongaiD
dna sisylanA ,ngiseD rof margaiD metsyS a gnisU
margaiD a otni stnenopmoC gnizinagrO
stnenopmoC metsyS gniyfitnedI
noisseS baL
seidutS esaC
smargaiD metsyS riA
smargaiD metsyS retaW
secruoseR tnempoleveD dna slooT
scitsiretcarahC yeK
stpecnoC margaiD metsyS
tpecnoC metsyS eht ot weivrevO dna noitcudortnI

adnegA
adnegA
adnegA
adnegA

NOITCUDORTNI

sseccus gninoissimmoc dna ngised ot yeK

tpecnoC metsyS ehT

rellihc eht tsuj toN

rellihC retaW
eciveD
noisnapxE

E
v
a
p
o
r
a
t
o
r

C
o
n
d
e
n
s
e
r

rosserpmoC

metsyS retaW dellihC ehT

sdaol eht tsuj toN

daoL

metsyS retaW dellihC ehT

gnipip dna spmup eht tsuj toN

pmuP

retaw pu
ekam dna knat noisnapxE

krowteN
gnipiP

metsyS retaW dellihC ehT

01

stnemele lortnoc detaler rieht fo lla dna slioc dna gnipip

,spmup ,rellihc fo ylbmessa evitcaretni ,detargetni eht ,rehtaR

pmuP

retaw pu
ekam dna knat noisnapxE

rellihC retaW

eciveD
noisnapxE

daoL
krowteN
gnipiP

E
v
a
p
o
r
a
t
o
r

C
o
n
d
e
n
s
e
r

rosserpmoC

metsyS retaW dellihC ehT

11

rellihc eht tsuj toN

rellihC retaW

eciveD
noisnapxE

E
v
a
p
o
r
a
t
o
r

C
o
n
d
e
n
s
e
r

rellihC eht fo ediS resnednoC

eht no eurT si gnihT emaS ehT
rosserpmoC

21

rewot gnilooc eht tsuj toN

rewoT
gnilooC

rellihC eht fo ediS resnednoC

eht no eurT si gnihT emaS ehT

31

gnipip dna spmup eht tsuj toN

pmuP
tnemtaerT
retaW dna ,nwod
-wolB ,pu-ekaM

krowtkrowteN
eN
g
gnipiP nipiP

metsyS retaW dellihC ehT

41

stnemele lortnoc detaler rieht fo lla dna srewot gnilooc dna gnipip
,spmup ,rellihc fo ylbmessa evitcaretni ,detargetni eht ,rehtaR

pmuP
tnemtaerT
retaW dna ,nwod
-wolB ,pu-ekaM

rellihC retaW

eciveD
noisnapxE

E
v
a
p
o
r
a
t
o
r

rewoT
gnilooC

C
o
n
d
e
n
s
e
r

krowtkrowteN
eN
g
gnipiP nipiP

rosserpmoC

metsyS retaW dellihC ehT

NOITCUDORTNI

?rellihC eht nwoD tuhS ew fi metsyS

retaW resnednoC eht ot sneppaH tahW

61

pmuP
tnemtaerT
retaW dna ,nwod
-wolB ,pu-ekaM

rellihC retaW

eciveD
noisnapxE

E
v
a
p
o
r
a
t
o
r

rewoT
gnilooC

C
o
n
d
e
n
s
e
r

krowtkrowteN
eN
g
gnipiP nipiP

rosserpmoC

metsyS retaW dellihC ehT

NOITCUDORTNI

smetsys
rehto ot tuo elppir nac
metsys eno ni smelborP
smelborp )esrow
ro( ecnasiun reggirt nac
noitargetni metsys fo kcaL
secruoser rehto
dna ygrene etsaw nac
noitargetni metsys fo kcaL

?pmuP resnednoC eht tratseR ew

nehw nisaB gnilooC eht ot sneppaH tahW

81

pmuP

retaw pu
ekam dna knat noisnapxE

pmuP
tnemtaerT
retaW dna ,nwod
-wolB ,pu-ekaM

rellihC retaW

eciveD
noisnapxE

daoL
krowteN
gnipiP

E
v
a
p
o
r
a
t
o
r

rewoT
gnilooC

C
o
n
d
e
n
s
e
r

krowtkrowteN
eN
g
gnipiP nipiP

?elbatsnU semoceB daoL a no pooL lortnoC

erutarepmeT egrahcsiD eht fi sneppaH tahW
rosserpmoC

NOITCUDORTNI

seussi lortnoC
stnemtsujda rellihC
stinu llams
eht ylno fo noitarepo
eht troppus ton
lliw ngised metsyS
esle enoemoS
sesuac desoporP
seussi detaler dna
spirt rellihc tnetsisreP

melborP ehT

02

NOITCUDORTNI

tniop
tes ytefas
erutarepmet
noitcus woL
tniop teS

ytefas noitcetorp
ezeerf no ffo pirt srellihC

12

NOITCUDORTNI

)mpg 491 rof detar

srellihc( mpg 011 tuoba
woleb spord reven wolF

pirt a ecudorp syawla

tnod sgniws gib tub
pirt a erofeb thgir rucco
sgniws wolf yradnoces rojaM

22

sgniws emos no gnittes

noitcetorp ezeerf eht htiw
trilf serutarepmet ylppuS

NOITCUDORTNI

sgniws erutarepmet
eht reggirt/dael
ot mees sgniws wolF
tniop
tes ytefas
erutarepmet
noitcus woL

sgniws erutarepmet
dna sgniws wolf neewteb
noitalerroc gnorts etoN

32

NOITCUDORTNI

thgit oot si taht

dnab-daed a htiw mhtirogla
lortnoc revo-egnahc
rezimonoce na ot decart
era sgniws evlav ehT

sgniws wolf yradnoces

rojam sesuac C-UHA
ni evlav retaw dellihc eht rof
setunim 5 4 ni levart %07

42

NOITCUDORTNI

pirt rellihc suoiverp eht no

tsixe ot smees melborp ralimis A

52

NOITCUDORTNI

)ebyaM( !tsaL ta noituloseR

62

NOITCUDORTNI

!no gniog esle gnihtemos

si ereht ebyaM .C-HA
ton ,2 enuJ no nrettap eht
gnivird eb ot smees B-HA

72

NOITCUDORTNI

B-HA gniwollof
eb ot smees noitairav wolf
eht dna B-HA ot evitaler
gnihtyna fo hcum gniod ton
era sUHA rojam rehto ehT

82

NOITCUDORTNI

!elihw a
rof no gniog neeb sah sihT

92

NOITCUDORTNI

B-HA wollof
ot mees htob wolf dna
erutarepmet yradnoceS

03

NOITCUDORTNI

raey a selcyc rotautca os ro 000,051 esuac dluoC

sgnittes ytefas erutarepmet wol htiw
trilf taht sgniws erutarepmet SWHC esuac ot smeeS
snoitairav wolf yradnoces ot deknil smeeS
:gnitnuh detaler evlav retaw dellihc 1-B-HA
pets gib a saw
eussi noitargetni rezimonoce eht gnivlos dna gniyfitnedI

tnioP sihT ta seussI ehT

13

NOITCUDORTNI

eussi eht ton si lortnoc

deeps dna gninut DFV

23

NOITCUDORTNI

noitelpmoC
laitnatsbuS

saerA rehtO oT devoM sah sucoF rotcartnoC

33

NOITCUDORTNI

lortnoc erutarepmet dna

wolf yradnoces no evlav
eht fo tcapmi eht fo evitisop
foorp sedivorp evom
tnac ti os evlav lortnoc
B-HA eht nwod gnikcoL

NOITCUDORTNI

nrettap lortnoc evlav

htoot-was eht setareneg
tcilfnoc gniogno ehT
tcilfnoc ni era spool ehT
spool
tnereffid owt yb dellortnoc si
evlav retaw dellihc 1-B-HA
stod eht stcennoc remmargorp
dael metsys lortnoC
noitnetta selpoep
sehctac ecnedive cihparG

)sliam-e ro( sdroW 000,1 htroW si erutciP A

53

NOITCUDORTNI

smetsys rehto ot tuo elppir nac metsys eno ni smelborP

smelborp )esrow
ro( ecnasiun reggirt nac noitargetni metsys fo kcaL
secruoser
rehto dna ygrene etsaw nac noitargetni metsys fo kcaL

seniL mottoB ruO

63

NOITCUDORTNI

snoitcaretni
metsys ot metsys dna level metsys dnatsrednu
dna erutcip gib eht ees su pleh nac taht loot a deen eW
smelborp gib yllaer esuac dna
smetsys rehto ot tuo elppir nac metsys eno ni smelborP
smelborp )esrow
ro( ecnasiun reggirt nac noitargetni metsys fo kcaL
secruoser
rehto dna ygrene etsaw nac noitargetni metsys fo kcaL

seniL mottoB ruO

73

NOITCUDORTNI

tnemegnarra
citamehcs a ni ngised
eht yevnoc ot dednetni toN
snoisnemid
owt ni deyartrop
ytilaer lanoisnemid eerhT
spord erusserp detaler
ylpmi dna tif sgniht ekam ot
deriuqer sgnittif wohs )naC(
tif lliw sgniht fi wohs )naC(
spihsnoitaler lanoisnemid
dlrow laer tcipeD
msinahceM tnemucoD
noitcurtsnoC nommoC

snalP roolF

83

NOITCUDORTNI

tnemegnarra citamehcs
a ni ngised eht
yevnoc ot dednetni toN
ledom D3 eurt a toN
senil noitcejorp
cirtemosi no detcurtsnoC
evitcepsrep lanoisnemid
eerht a gnirB
msinahceM tnemucoD
noitcurtsnoC nommoC sseL

scirtemosI gnipiP

93

loot ngised lufrewop a si tpecnoc metsys eht gniyevnoC

pmuP
retaw pu
ekam dna knat noisnapxE

pmuP
tnemtaerT
retaW dna ,nwod
-wolB ,pu-ekaM

rellihC retaW
eciveD
noisnapxE

daoL

krowteN
gnipiP

E
v
a
p
o
r
a
t
o
r

rewoT
gnilooC

C
o
n
d
e
n
s
e
r

krowtkrowteN
eN
gnipiPgnipiP

tpecnoC
metsyS eht yevnoC smargaiD metsyS
rosserpmoC

NOITCUDORTNI

?etaR wolF UHA eht teS tahW

14

loot ngised lufrewop a si tpecnoc metsys eht gniyevnoC

88. =rotoMFP ;%19 = rotoMh
;rotom ph 2/1-7 ,phb 1.6 ,%57 = pmuPh
hcae .c.w.tf 54 ta mpg 004 ;spmuP 2

.c.w.tf 21 = p
TWL F75
TWE F24
mpg 008

daoL

retaw
pu ekam dna
knat noisnapxE

09. =rotoMFP ;%39 =

rotoMh ;rotom ph 02 ,phb 9.81 ,%08 = pmuPh
hcae .c.w.tf 04 ta mpg 005,1 ;spmuP 2

rellihC retaW
eciveD
noisnapxE

sniaM 8
krowteN
gnipiP

E
v
a
p
o
r
a
t
o
r

C
o
n
d
e
n
s
e
r

tnemtaerT
retaW dna ,nwod
-wolB ,pu-ekaM
rotom ph 03
blub tew
tneibma F57 na htiw F58
ot F59 morf mpg 005,1
rewoT
gnilooC
sniaM 8
krowtkrowteN
eN
gnipiPgnipiP

tpecnoC
metsyS eht yevnoC smargaiD metsyS
rosserpmoC

NOITCUDORTNI

?tnadnudeR spmuP retaW dellihC eht erA

34

88. =rotoMFP ;%19 = rotoMh

;rotom ph 2/1-7 ,phb 1.6 ,%57 = pmuPh
hcae .c.w.tf 54 ta mpg 004 ;spmuP 2

.c.w.tf 21 = p
TWL F75
TWE F24
mpg 008

daoL

retaw
pu ekam dna
knat noisnapxE

09. =rotoMFP ;%39 =

rotoMh ;rotom ph 02 ,phb 9.81 ,%08 = pmuPh
hcae .c.w.tf 04 ta mpg 005,1 ;spmuP 2

rellihC retaW
eciveD
noisnapxE

sniaM 8
krowteN
gnipiP

E
v
a
p
o
r
a
t
o
r

C
o
n
d
e
n
s
e
r

tnemtaerT
retaW dna ,nwod
-wolB ,pu-ekaM
rotom ph 03
blub tew
tneibma F57 na htiw F58
ot F59 morf mpg 005,1
rewoT
gnilooC
sniaM 8
krowtkrowteN
eN
gnipiPgnipiP

rosserpmoC

?tnadnudeR spmuP retaW dellihC eht erA

NOITCUDORTNI

?tnadnudeR
spmuP retaW resnednoC eht erA

54

88. =rotoMFP ;%19 = rotoMh

;rotom ph 2/1-7 ,phb 1.6 ,%57 = pmuPh
hcae .c.w.tf 54 ta mpg 004 ;spmuP 2

.c.w.tf 21 = p
TWL F75
TWE F24
mpg 008

daoL

retaw
pu ekam dna
knat noisnapxE

09. =rotoMFP ;%39 =

rotoMh ;rotom ph 02 ,phb 9.81 ,%08 = pmuPh
hcae .c.w.tf 04 ta mpg 005,1 ;spmuP 2

rellihC retaW
eciveD
noisnapxE

sniaM 8
krowteN
gnipiP

E
v
a
p
o
r
a
t
o
r

C
o
n
d
e
n
s
e
r

tnemtaerT
retaW dna ,nwod
-wolB ,pu-ekaM
rotom ph 03
blub tew
tneibma F57 na htiw F58
ot F59 morf mpg 005,1
rewoT
gnilooC
sniaM 8
krowtkrowteN
eN
gnipiPgnipiP

?tnadnudeR
spmuP retaW resnednoC eht erA
rosserpmoC

64

loot gninoissimmoc
lufrewop a si tpecnoc metsys eht gniyevnoC
88. =rotoMFP ;%19 = rotoMh
;rotom ph 2/1-7 ,phb 1.6 ,%57 = pmuPh
hcae .c.w.tf 54 ta mpg 004 ;spmuP 2

.c.w.tf 21 = p
TWL F75
TWE F24
mpg 008

daoL

retaw
pu ekam dna
knat noisnapxE

09. =rotoMFP ;%39 =

rotoMh ;rotom ph 02 ,phb 9.81 ,%08 = pmuPh
hcae .c.w.tf 04 ta mpg 005,1 ;spmuP 2

rellihC retaW
eciveD
noisnapxE

sniaM 8
krowteN
gnipiP

E
v
a
p
o
r
a
t
o
r

C
o
n
d
e
n
s
e
r

tnemtaerT
retaW dna ,nwod
-wolB ,pu-ekaM
rotom ph 03
blub tew
tneibma F57 na htiw F58
ot F59 morf mpg 005,1
rewoT
gnilooC
sniaM 8
krowtkrowteN
eN
gnipiPgnipiP

?tnadnudeR
spmuP retaW resnednoC eht erA
rosserpmoC

74

NOITCUDORTNI

looT ngiseD

looT snoitarepO dna xC

deyevnoc
eb ot sliated noitarugifnoc swollA
noitacinummoc
enilpicsid-retni setatilica F
egats margaid metsys eht ta edam
eb nac snoisiced gnireenigne tso M
deyevnoc
eb ot sretemarap ngised lacitirc swollA
stnemele lortnoc
gnitacol rof krowemarf a sedivor P
evlove
snalp sa tnetni fo ecnetsisrep serusn E
tnemegnarra delgnatnu ,ylredro na ni ecno
ta nees eb ot metsys eritne eht swollA

gnitoohselbuorT
gninoissimmoC
ecnetsisre P
gniniarT
:setatilicaF
detnemucod eb ot sretemarap
ecnamrofrep dna ngised lacitirc swollA
deifitnedi
ylkciuq eb ot stops-elbuort swoll A
dessessa eb
ot noitargetni dna snoitcaretni swoll A
tnemegnarra delgnatnu ,ylredro na ni ecno
ta nees eb ot metsys eritne eht swollA

tpecnoC
metsyS eht yevnoC smargaiD metsyS

2102 ,9 rebotcO

gnireenignE scimanyD ytilicaF

reenignE roineS
srelleS divaD
:rotcurtsnI

smargaiD
metsyS ruoy gnipoleveD rof seuqinhceT dna slooT
stpecnoC cisaB

pohskroW margaiD metsyS

94

STPECNOC CISAB

)tnemngissA gnidaeR ssalc

-erP ruoY( :smargaiD metsyS gnidaeh eht htiw stsoP
moc.sserpdroW.sadr8vA.www

tnetnoC siht dniheB sliateD rof ecruoseR

05

STPECNOC CISAB

ekilA erahS snommoC evitaerC - krow nwo s rohtua eht morF - margaid_noitatnemurtsni_dna_gnipiP/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.ne//:ptth

)margaiD wolF ssecorP( DFP a si sa tpecnoc ralimis

a era )smargaiD noitatnemurtsnI dna ssecorP( DI&P

dradnatS laeR oN si erehT

STPECNOC CISAB

noitacifitnedI dna slobmyS

noitatnemurtsnI 4891-1.5-ASI

slobmyS rof stnioP gnitratS

STPECNOC CISAB

73 retpahC
,slatnemadnuF fo koobdnaH
EARHSA )reilrae ro( 9002

slobmyS rof stnioP gnitratS

STPECNOC CISAB

ytivitaerC nwO ruoY

slobmyS rof stnioP gnitratS

STPECNOC CISAB

seirarbil
lobmys margorp gniwarD

slobmyS rof stnioP gnitratS

STPECNOC CISAB

elpmiS yllacitamehcS
,xelpmoC yllacisyhP

65

STPECNOC CISAB

ediS sti no reddaL a ekiL

erulCcM kcuhC

75

STPECNOC CISAB

sgurD nO ediS stI nO reddaL A

85

STPECNOC CISAB

sgurD
nO ediS stI nO reddaL a htiW gnilaeD

95

STPECNOC CISAB

teehs dael eht no elacs llams a ta metsys eritne eht wohS

sgurD
nO ediS stI nO reddaL a htiW gnilaeD

06

STPECNOC CISAB

metsys eht fo snoitrop fo sgniward elacs regral edivorp dna

sgurD
nO ediS stI nO reddaL a htiW gnilaeD

16

STPECNOC CISAB

STPECNOC CISAB

sucof ?locylg
dloc gnisu dna gnikam stahW

sucof ?daeh
pmup eht pu gnisu stahW

yraV naC sliaR reddaL eht

no stahW dna sgnuR reddaL eht no stahW

36

STPECNOC CISAB

xelpmoc ylgnideecxe : devlovni yrev .2

redrosid
rettu fo etats a fo ecnaraeppa eht gnivig ro ni gnitsixe .1
jda delgnat

delgnaT susrev delgnatnU

STPECNOC CISAB

delgnatnU

delgnaT

delgnaT susrev delgnatnU

56

STPECNOC CISAB

delgnatnu
spmurt noitcennoc fo redro ,margaid metsys a rof snaem tahT

nietsniE treblA

.relpmis yna ton tub ,elbissop sa elpmis sa edam eb dluohs sgnihT

:rebmemer tuB
edis sti no reddal
a sdrawot daeh dna sgnissorc enil eziminim ot sgniht gniyfilpmis peeK

delgnaT susrev delgnatnU

66

NOITCUDORTNI

erutciP
giB eht ta detegraT looT
nommoC A ;snalP roolF

76

NOITCUDORTNI

looT nommoC
rehtonA ;scitamehcS

NOITCUDORTNI

?margaid metsys
eht did uoy erofeb meht
dnatsrednu/ezingocer uoy diD
smargaid metsys
ruoy morf uoy ta tuo pmuj taht
smelborp yna era ereht fi eeS
ti morf margaid
metsys a ekam dna edils
suoiverp eht ni citamehcs eht
ekat ssalc eht fo flah rehto ehT
ti
morf margaid metsys a ekam
dna edils txen eht ni nalp
gnipip eht ekat ssalc eht flaH

raF oS
denraeL evuoY tahW gniylppA esicrexE nA

96

regnahcxE
taeH emarF dna
etalP )gnilooC eerF(
rezimonocE teW

NOITCUDORTNI

srellihC

spmuP noitubirtsiD
retaW dellihC

evlaV lortnoC
yaW-eerhT

pmuP regnahcxE
taeH/rellihC lacipyT

NOITCUDORTNI

smelborP ynA eeS

STPECNOC CISAB

tnalp eht edistuO si ssapyB

tnalp eht edisnI si ssapyB

noitcA ni srettaM noitcennoC fo redrO

STPECNOC CISAB

esicrexE nA

;srettaM noitcennoC fo redrO

37
STPECNOC CISAB

aremaC
thgilhsalF
repaP
draobpilC
ytilaer rof ydaer eB
tfard tsrif a sedivorP
seussi laever yaM
citamehcs a edulcni yaM
tsixe
yeht fi sgniward gnitsixe ydutS

dleiF eht ni tuO oG ot ydaeR gnitteG

47
STPECNOC CISAB

ecneirepxe tsaP
slebaL
atad etalpemaN
yfitnedi nac uoy gnihtemos dniF

detratS gnitteG

57
STPECNOC CISAB

ecneirepxe tsaP
slebaL
atad etalpemaN
yfitnedi nac uoy gnihtemos dniF

detratS gnitteG

67
STPECNOC CISAB

ecneirepxe tsaP
slebaL
atad etalpemaN
yfitnedi nac uoy gnihtemos dniF

detratS gnitteG

77
STPECNOC CISAB

ecneirepxe tsaP
slebaL
atad etalpemaN
yfitnedi nac uoy gnihtemos dniF

detratS gnitteG

87
STPECNOC CISAB

troffe tsal ruoy

eb ton ylekil lliw troffe tsrif ruoY
tseretni
fo metsys eht gniwollof tratS
ecneirepxe tsaP
slebaL
atad etalpemaN
yfitnedi nac uoy gnihtemos dniF

detratS gnitteG

97
STPECNOC CISAB

eson ruoy wolloF

troffe tsal ruoy
eb ton ylekil lliw troffe tsrif ruoY
tseretni
fo metsys eht gniwollof tratS
ecneirepxe tsaP
slebaL
atad etalpemaN
yfitnedi nac uoy gnihtemos dniF

detratS gnitteG

08
STPECNOC CISAB

eson ruoy wolloF

troffe tsal ruoy
eb ton ylekil lliw troffe tsrif ruoY
tseretni
fo metsys eht gniwollof tratS
ecneirepxe tsaP
slebaL
atad etalpemaN
yfitnedi nac uoy gnihtemos dniF

detratS gnitteG

18
STPECNOC CISAB

eson ruoy wolloF

troffe tsal ruoy
eb ton ylekil lliw troffe tsrif ruoY
tseretni
fo metsys eht gniwollof tratS
ecneirepxe tsaP
slebaL
atad etalpemaN
yfitnedi nac uoy gnihtemos dniF

detratS gnitteG

28
STPECNOC CISAB

seet ta snoisiced ekaM

eson ruoy wolloF
troffe tsal ruoy
eb ton ylekil lliw troffe tsrif ruoY
tseretni
fo metsys eht gniwollof tratS
ecneirepxe tsaP
slebaL
atad etalpemaN
yfitnedi nac uoy gnihtemos dniF

detratS gnitteG

38
STPECNOC CISAB

seet ta snoisiced ekaM

eson ruoy wolloF
troffe tsal ruoy
eb ton ylekil lliw troffe tsrif ruoY
tseretni
fo metsys eht gniwollof tratS
ecneirepxe tsaP
slebaL
atad etalpemaN
yfitnedi nac uoy gnihtemos dniF

detratS gnitteG

48
STPECNOC CISAB

seet ta snoisiced ekaM

eson ruoy wolloF
troffe tsal ruoy
eb ton ylekil lliw troffe tsrif ruoY
tseretni
fo metsys eht gniwollof tratS
ecneirepxe tsaP
slebaL
atad etalpemaN
yfitnedi nac uoy gnihtemos dniF

detratS gnitteG

58
STPECNOC CISAB

seet ta snoisiced ekaM

eson ruoy wolloF
troffe tsal ruoy
eb ton ylekil lliw troffe tsrif ruoY
tseretni
fo metsys eht gniwollof tratS
ecneirepxe tsaP
slebaL
atad etalpemaN
yfitnedi nac uoy gnihtemos dniF

detratS gnitteG

68
STPECNOC CISAB

seet ta snoisiced ekaM

eson ruoy wolloF
troffe tsal ruoy
eb ton ylekil lliw troffe tsrif ruoY
tseretni
fo metsys eht gniwollof tratS
ecneirepxe tsaP
slebaL
atad etalpemaN
yfitnedi nac uoy gnihtemos dniF

detratS gnitteG

78
STPECNOC CISAB

seet ta snoisiced ekaM

eson ruoy wolloF
troffe tsal ruoy
eb ton ylekil lliw troffe tsrif ruoY
tseretni
fo metsys eht gniwollof tratS
ecneirepxe tsaP
slebaL
atad etalpemaN
yfitnedi nac uoy gnihtemos dniF

detratS gnitteG

88
STPECNOC CISAB

seet ta snoisiced ekaM

eson ruoy wolloF
troffe tsal ruoy
eb ton ylekil lliw troffe tsrif ruoY
tseretni
fo metsys eht gniwollof tratS
ecneirepxe tsaP
slebaL
atad etalpemaN
yfitnedi nac uoy gnihtemos dniF

detratS gnitteG

98
STPECNOC CISAB

seet ta snoisiced ekaM

eson ruoy wolloF
troffe tsal ruoy
eb ton ylekil lliw troffe tsrif ruoY
tseretni
fo metsys eht gniwollof tratS
ecneirepxe tsaP
slebaL
atad etalpemaN
yfitnedi nac uoy gnihtemos dniF

detratS gnitteG

09
STPECNOC CISAB

ecnerefeR fo tnioP a yfitnedI

fooR eht ffO gnitteG

19
STPECNOC CISAB

gnidaelsim
eb yam meht fo emoS
seulc rehto egareveL
detnarraw
eb ton yam ro yam epip
ro llaw eht ni eloh a gnittuC
)ebyaM(
slebaL gnitsixE egareveL
roolF tnereffiD
a no setanidrooC ruoY ylppA
ecnerefeR fo tnioP
eht ot evitaleR setanidrooC
poleveD ot ecaP ruoY esU
ecaP ruoY yfitnedI
ecnerefeR fo tnioP a yfitnedI

fooR eht ffO gnitteG

STPECNOC CISAB

yltcerid stcudorp
tfosorciM rehto htiw secafretnI
stcudorp dne rehgih
ni seitilibapac emarf-eriw cisaB
pu kcip ot retsaF
elbacilppa yllasrevinu sa toN
smargaid drawot deraeG
snoisrev
dne hgih dna dne wol neewteb
ecnereffid ecirp 4 fo rotcaF
K1$ tuoba noisrev lluF
ylimaf tfosorciM
oisiV

noitamotuA
D-3 emoS
gnitfarD
smargaid naht erom od naC
evruc gninrael peetS
sredivorp
xC tsom rof tneiciffus ylbaborp TL
noisrev TL dna lluf neewteb
ecnereffid ecirp 4 fo rotcaF
K4$ 3$ noisrev lluF
yrtsudni eht ni dradnats-isauQ
TL DACotuA dna DACotuA

?smargorP gniwarD tuobA tahW

STPECNOC CISAB

)taborcA
lluf .sv redaer taborcA .g.e( elbaliava sreweiv eerf evah smargorp tsoM
tsol eb yam noitamrofni emos dna detropmi ecno
elbatide eb ton yam tnetnoc eht hguoht lla selif egnahcxe nac smargorp tsoM
snoisrev 7002
ni tnemngila htiw seussi emoS
sepahs cisab
rof pu kcip ot ysae ylevitaleR
sgniward
xelpmoc rof esu ot tluciffiD
egakcap eciffO eht fo traP
seitilitU gniwarD tnioPrewoP/droW

seitilibapac D3
serutaef gnimmargaid cisaB
)21
x 21 tuoba( ezis egap detimiL
eerF
gro.eciffOnepO warD

?smargorP gniwarD tuobA tahW

STPECNOC CISAB

)taborcA
lluf .sv redaer taborcA .g.e( elbaliava sreweiv eerf evah smargorp tsoM
tsol eb yam noitamrofni emos dna detropmi ecno
elbatide eb ton yam tnetnoc eht hguoht lla selif egnahcxe nac smargorp tsoM

noitamrofni
D2 yevnoc ot ledom D3 gnisU
eerF
elbmirT/elgooG
pu-hctekS

?smargorP gniwarD tuobA tahW

STPECNOC CISAB

gnitnirp rof ffo ro no eb naC

reisae si tnemngilA
sgniward ylredrO
repap hparg cinortcelE
dirg a no gniward fo tibah eht ni teG

101
gniwarD margaiD

STPECNOC CISAB

nruter morf ylppus ,relooc morf

remraw ,dloc morf toh hsiugnitsiD
)retaw resnednoc
,retaw toh ,retaw dellihc(
sdiulf fo sepyt tnereffid hsiugnitsiD

101
gniwarD margaiD

STPECNOC CISAB

riA dexiM sekam riA

nruteR htiw gnixim riA edistuO
gnidnatsrednu ecnahnE
nruter morf ylppus ,relooc morf
remraw ,dloc morf toh hsiugnitsiD
)retaw resnednoc
,retaw toh ,retaw dellihc(
sdiulf fo sepyt tnereffid hsiugnitsiD

101
gniwarD margaiD

STPECNOC CISAB

101
gniwarD margaiD

STPECNOC CISAB

101
gniwarD margaiD

STPECNOC CISAB

101
gniwarD margaiD

STPECNOC CISAB

tnatropmi eb nac sthgiew eniL

101
gniwarD margaiD

STPECNOC CISAB

stnemele metsys niam

eht ot yrailixua si taht tnempiuqe
detaler wohs sthgiew enil rethgiL
stnemele metsys rojam eht
sdrawot eye eht ward senil reivaeH
tnatropmi eb nac sthgiew eniL

101
gniwarD margaiD

STPECNOC CISAB

raelc eb dluohs
tcennoc .sv ssorc senil erehw stnioP

101
gniwarD margaiD

STPECNOC CISAB

thgiew enil eht

ot evitaler elacs tolp eht redisnoc
ot deen ssorc senil erehw spaG
raelc eb dluohs
tcennoc .sv ssorc senil erehw stnioP

101
gniwarD margaiD

STPECNOC CISAB

ward ot
suoidet emoceb nac tub sgnissorc
enil yfiralc ot desu eb nac spmuB
thgiew enil eht
ot evitaler elacs tolp eht redisnoc
ot deen ssorc senil erehw spaG
raelc eb dluohs
tcennoc .sv ssorc senil erehw stnioP

101
gniwarD margaiD

STPECNOC CISAB

elpmaxe na era skcolb DACotuA

tcejbo xelpmoc
erom a sa meht evas dna ,eman
a meht nevig ,stcejbo fo snoitcelloc
ekat ot uoy wolla smargorp tsoM
slobmys etaerC

101
gniwarD margaiD

STPECNOC CISAB

.cte ,stsil tniop

,seludehcs tnempiuqe etareneg ot
detalopartxe eb neht nac atad sihT
kcolb eht htiw detaicossa
atad rof dleif knalb eht ni
llif ngissa ot uoy swolla DACotuA
elpmaxe na era skcolb DACotuA
tcejbo xelpmoc
erom a sa meht evas dna ,eman
a meht nevig ,stcejbo fo snoitcelloc
ekat ot uoy wolla smargorp tsoM
slobmys etaerC

101
gniwarD margaiD

STPECNOC CISAB

detresni era
yeht retfa skcolb tide osla nac uoY
.cte ,stsil tniop
,seludehcs tnempiuqe etareneg ot
detalopartxe eb neht nac atad sihT
kcolb eht htiw detaicossa
atad rof dleif knalb eht ni
llif ngissa ot uoy swolla DACotuA
elpmaxe na era skcolb DACotuA
tcejbo xelpmoc
erom a sa meht evas dna ,eman
a meht nevig ,stcejbo fo snoitcelloc
ekat ot uoy wolla smargorp tsoM
slobmys etaerC

101
gniwarD margaiD

STPECNOC CISAB

spu-kcab ralugeR
evas-otua elbanE
sevas tneuqerF
serutaef/stibah elbariseD

101
gniwarD margaiD

STPECNOC CISAB

noitarugifnoc htiw elbairav ylhgiH

tnacifingiS
pord erusserp a tneserper
yeht ,metsys lacisyhp eht roF
tcerroc ton si
noitcennoc fo redro eht fi melborp
a ecudortni ot ytinutroppo nA
wolf
fo ecnegrevnoc ro ecnegreviD
:margaid metsys
eht dna metsys lacisyhp eht htob roF

tnatropmI era seeT

STPECNOC CISAB

llaw epip eht

htiw noitcaretni ot eud ecnatsise R
:fo desopmoc sa ti redisnoc ot
si ecnatsiser woble fo kniht ot yaw enO

tuo retaW = ni retaW

epip thgiarts fo eceip tneb a tsuJ
:margaid
metsys eht fo evitcepsrep eht morF

ebyaM hcuM oS toN ;swoblE

STPECNOC CISAB

noitcerid
ni egnahc a ot eud ecnatsise R
llaw epip eht
htiw noitcaretni ot eud ecnatsise R
:fo desopmoc sa ti redisnoc ot
si ecnatsiser woble fo kniht ot yaw enO

tuo retaW = ni retaW

epip thgiarts fo eceip tneb a tsuJ
:margaid
metsys eht fo evitcepsrep eht morF

ebyaM hcuM oS toN ;swoblE

STPECNOC CISAB

noitcerid
ni egnahc a ot eud ecnatsise R
llaw epip eht
htiw noitcaretni ot eud ecnatsise R
:fo desopmoc sa ti redisnoc ot
si ecnatsiser woble fo kniht ot yaw enO

tuo retaW = ni retaW

epip thgiarts fo eceip tneb a tsuJ
:margaid
metsys eht fo evitcepsrep eht morF

ebyaM hcuM oS toN ;swoblE

STPECNOC CISAB

noitcerid
ni egnahc a ot eud ecnatsise R
llaw epip eht
htiw noitcaretni ot eud ecnatsise R
:fo desopmoc sa ti redisnoc ot
si ecnatsiser woble fo kniht ot yaw enO

sgnivas ygrene
= ssol dezimitpo = suidar trohS
deriuqer ygrene pmuP
:metsys
lacisyhp eht fo evitcepsrep eht morF

ebyaM hcuM oS toN ;swoblE

511

STPECNOC CISAB

swoble
laer tcelfer ot ton ,sesoprup noitazinagro gniward
rof edam eb dluohs margaid metsys eht no snruT
swoble wohs tnoD
dleif eht ni noitarugifnoc niam
dna hcnarb gnihctam spmurt noitazinagro gniwarD
noitazinagro gniward spmurt noitcennoc fo redrO
noitcennoc fo redro yfireV
seet lla wohS

seeT dna swoblE rof seluR margaiD metsyS

STPECNOC CISAB

eussi lanoitarepo
na esuac dluoc noitarugifnoc
dellatsni eht yb detaerc
pord erusserp eht erehw seeT
swoble fo rebmun evissecxe
ylevitaler na htiw snur epiP
smetsys nepo ni
level nisab evoba nur taht sepiP
smetsys nepo ni spart
detrevni ro spart mrof taht swoblE

nekorB eb ot edaM era seluR semitemoS

711

STPECNOC CISAB

?smetsyS riA tuobA tahW ;smetsyS

cinordyH neeB saH sucoF ruO ,raF oS

811

STPECNOC CISAB

?erutciP siht ni stnemelE metsyS

gnildnaH riA/CAVH eht yfitnedI uoY naC

911

STPECNOC CISAB

metsys eht edisni rucco sessecorp gnidliuB

smetsys eht edisni dnuora evom elpoeP
metsys eht ni etats egnahc nac ropav retaw ehT
metsys eht fo noitarepo eht yb yradnuob metsys eht
ssorca devom ylevitca era )ropav retaw dna ria( ssaM
metsys eht fo trap a si epolevnE
smetsys gnipip morf secnereffid tnacifingiS
ylppa selur lareneg emas ehT

smargaiD metsyS dna smetsyS gnildnaH riA

021

STPECNOC CISAB

ytirgetnI tcuD CAVH = ytirgetnI epolevnE

121

STPECNOC CISAB

rotaunettA
UHA .criceR
/gnilooC

UHA ylno
gnilooC

looT
noitcudorP
naF
.criceR

snaf
tsuahxe

rotaunettA

slioc taeheR

srebburcS
UHA pu ekaM

ekatni ria
roodtuo elcyc ekomS

naf tsuahxe ekomS

ytirgetnI wolF hsaC

= ytirgetnI ssecorP = ytirgetnI epolevnE

221

STPECNOC CISAB

rotaunettA
UHA .criceR
/gnilooC

ni mfc 000,1

UHA ylno
gnilooC

looT
noitcudorP
naF
.criceR

snaf
tsuahxe

rotaunettA

slioc taeheR

srebburcS

ni mfc 000,5
UHA pu ekaM

tuo mfc 000,6

ekatni ria
roodtuo elcyc ekomS

naf tsuahxe ekomS

selpicnirP latnemadnuF fo noitartsnomeD A

321

STPECNOC CISAB

ni mfc 000,5
UHA .criceR
/gnilooC

ni mfc 000,1

rotaunettA

UHA ylno
gnilooC

looT
noitcudorP
naF
.criceR

snaf
tsuahxe

rotaunettA

slioc taeheR

srebburcS

ni m f c 0 0 0 , 5
UHA pu ekaM

tuo mfc 000,6

ekatni ria
roodtuo elcyc ekomS

naf tsuahxe ekomS

satuO seoG eht lauqe attog satnI seoG ehT

A.K.A

;ssaM fo noitavresnoC

421

STPECNOC CISAB

pmuS

pmuS

pmuS

pm uS
pmuS

sroolf tcennocretni smuirtA

)xelpmoC yl(tnacifingiS si epolevnE ehT

521

STPECNOC CISAB

pmuS

pmuS

pmuS

pm uS
pmuS

syenmihc ekil
tca stfahs rotavele dna riatS
sroolf tcennocretni smuirtA

xelpmoC yltnacifingiS si epolevnE ehT

621

STPECNOC CISAB

pmuS

pmuS

pmuS

pm uS
pmuS

sroolf
tcennocretni dna syenmihc
ekil tca stfahs ekomS
syenmihc ekil
tca stfahs rotavele dna riatS
sroolf tcennocretni smuirtA

xelpmoC yltnacifingiS si epolevnE ehT

721

STPECNOC CISAB

pmuS

pmuS

pmuS

pm uS
pmuS

stfahs dna sroolf tcennocretni

smunelp feiler dna nruteR
sroolf
tcennocretni dna syenmihc
ekil tca stfahs ekomS
syenmihc ekil
tca stfahs rotavele dna riatS
sroolf tcennocretni smuirtA

xelpmoC yltnacifingiS si epolevnE ehT

821

STPECNOC CISAB

2UHA

1UHA
4UHA

8 UHA

3UHA

margaiD metsyS gnildnaH

riA eht rof krowemarF eht sa epolevnE ehT

STPECNOC CISAB

)ralimiS
4 dna 2( 3 dna 1 sUHA gnilooC
evitaropavE tceridnI/tceriD

margaiD metsyS gnildnaH

riA eht rof krowemarF eht sa epolevnE ehT

031

STPECNOC CISAB

)8L no rewot eciffo

yrots 8 eht ni smetsys 2 dna 02L no
smetsys rehto 9 fo lacipyT( 8 UHA
taeher VAV ria erutarepmet woL

margaiD metsyS gnildnaH

riA eht rof krowemarF eht sa epolevnE ehT

131

STPECNOC CISAB

)UHA delooC ylevitaropavE

tceridnI/tceriD devreS( aerA ybboL cilbuP lacipyT

margaiD metsyS gnildnaH

riA eht rof krowemarF eht sa epolevnE ehT

231

STPECNOC CISAB

)smetsys
VAV ria erutarepmet
wol dna smetsys
delooc ylevitaropave htob
yb devreS( sleveL rewoL
ta eroC dna ybboL yrtnE

margaiD metsyS gnildnaH

riA eht rof krowemarF eht sa epolevnE ehT

331

STPECNOC CISAB

)smetsys
VAV ria erutarepmet
wol dna smetsys
delooc ylevitaropave
htob yb devreS( sleveL
rewoL ybbol-noN lacipyT

margaiD metsyS gnildnaH

riA eht rof krowemarF eht sa epolevnE ehT

431

tsuahxe egaraG
noitartlifni ria roodtuO
ria derrefsnarT
)smetsys lla( ria nruteR
)gnidliub eht fo flah rehto
eht rof noitcnuf dna aera
ralimis a sevres tub nwohs
ton si 7UHA etoN( 8UHA
3UHA
2UHA
1UHA
sedoC roloC worrA wolF

STPECNOC CISAB

2UHA

1UHA
4UHA

8 UHA

3UHA

scitsongaiD metsyS gnildnaH

riA eht rof krowemarF eht sa epolevnE ehT

531

STPECNOC CISAB

2UHA

1UHA
4UHA

8 UHA

3UHA

scitsongaiD metsyS gnildnaH

riA eht rof krowemarF eht sa epolevnE ehT

631

STPECNOC CISAB

scitsiretcarahC margaiD metsyS gnildnaH riA

731

STPECNOC CISAB

tnemegnarrA lacisyhP gnidliuB eht tcelfeR

831

STPECNOC CISAB

epyT enoZ hcaE fo selpmaxE edulcnI

931

STPECNOC CISAB

smetsyS rehtO fo stcapmI eht edulcnI

041

STPECNOC CISAB

ygrenE dna ssaM fo noitavresnoC tnemucoD

2102 ,9 rebotcO

gnireenignE scimanyD ytilicaF

reenignE roineS
srelleS divaD
:rotcurtsnI

seussI dna segnellahC

dlroW laeR sserddA ot smargaiD metsyS gniylppA
seidutS esaC

pohskroW margaiD metsyS

241

NOITCUDORTNI

retaW toH gnitaeH esuohtruoC elttaeS

wolF riA esuohtruoC elttaeS
noitceS ssorC esuohtruoC elttaeS
3HD yrarbiL eoD
metsyS retaW resnednoC esuohtruoC elttaeS
ttoirraM ogeiD naS
tnalP lartneC CHM
smetsyS lausunU
llaH egriB

selpmaxE margaiD metsyS

System Diagram Workshop

Fall 2012

These links are provided as information only and are not in any way to be considered a comprehensive listing or as an
endorsement by PG&E. All links were current at time of list creation. An electronic version of this list is available at
www.pge.com/energyclasses/

Related Online Resources:

Advanced Variable Air Volume System Design Guide
This comprehensive design guide was developed as part of the California Energy Commissions PIER program,
Integrated Energy Systems: Productivity and Building Science.
http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2008standards/prerulemaking/documents/2006-07-12_workshop/reviewdocs/2006-1207_ADVANCED_VAV_SYSTEM.PDF

Air-Conditioning Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI)

ARI is a national trade association representing manufacturers of air-conditioning and commercial refrigeration
equipment. It develops and publishes technical standards; supports and assists training; and certifies
performance ratings of products. Many of its guidelines and standards for systems and equipment are available
for download.
http://www.ahrinet.org/
American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
ASHRAE is a professional organization dedicated to the creation and promotion of quality-based standard
practices in the HVAC&R industry. Members have access to ASHRAE technical articles and conference papers.
Anyone can browse abstracts of ASHRAEs numerous books, journal articles and other technical publications that
are available for purchase.
http://www.ashrae.org
Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE). Commercial HVAC Installation Guidelines
Both the Guidelines for Energy-Efficient Commercial Unitary HVAC Systems and the accompanying White Paper
can be downloaded from CEEs site. The Guidelines provide best practices, selection criteria, and details of
components and systems. HVAC commissioning is also outlined and discussed.
http://www.cee1.org/com/hecac/hecac-spec.php3
CoolTools Chilled Water Plants Design Guide
This design guide from the CoolTools chilled water plants project can be downloaded from the publications
section of the Taylor Engineering site.
http://www.taylor-engineering.com/publications/design_guides.shtml
DDC Online. Iowa Energy Center
The Iowa Energy Center provides unbiased information on Direct Digital Controls. This site includes a guide to
controls manufacturers and their products, an Introduction to Digital Control Systems, an Input/Output tutorial that
also covers analog devices, and advanced technical information on DDC Systems.
http://www.ddc-online.org

"PG&E" refers to Pacific Gas and Electric Company, a subsidiary of PG&E Corporation. 2012 Pacific Gas and Electric Company. All rights
reserved.

Energy Design Resources (EDR). Design Briefs

EDR contains many useful Design Briefs useful to the system design process. Titles include Design Review,
Design Details, and Centrifugal Pump Application and Optimization.
http://www.energydesignresources.com/Resources/Publications/DesignBriefs.aspx
Energy Design Resources (EDR). HVAC Design
EDR provides access to many useful tools and resources related to the design and operation of energy efficient
buildings. The HVAC Design category includes design briefs, guidelines, and design software tools that cover a
variety of efficient HVAC design techniques and technologies. Titles include Design Guidelines for Chilled Water
Plants and Chiller Plant Efficiency.
http://www.energydesignresources.com/technology/hvac-design.aspx
Functional Testing and Design Guides
The Functional Testing Guide: Fundamentals to the Field, Checklist Tool and Test Directory, and Control System
Design Guide can be viewed and downloaded from the PECI Web site. The Guideline includes instructions on
how to use the FTG and modules on air handlers, chillers, boilers, condensers, and pumping.
http://www.peci.org/ftguide/
Industrial Energy Analysis. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
This system optimization site provides links to several useful publications on pump performance.
http://industrial-energy.lbl.gov/node/171
Industries and Technologies. Motors, Fans, and Pumps
This Department of Energy site leads users to technical information about Motors, Fans, or Pumps. Click on the
technology you want to find tools, training information, technology assessments, case studies and related
technical publications.
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/industries_technologies/index.html
Motor Decisions MatterSM (MDM)
MDM offers several useful tools and resources to help one improve the performance and efficiency of motor
systems. Resources include software tools, guides, and case studies organized by industry segment.
http://www.motorsmatter.org/index.asp
MotorMaster
MotorMaster+ 4.01.01 is a software tool that analyzes motors and motor system efficiency for thousands of
motors. It can be downloaded from the Industrial Technologies Programs software tools site.
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_deployment/software_motormaster.html
National Building Controls Information Program (NBCIP)
NBCIP was established by the Iowa Energy Center and provides unbiased information on building control system
products and strategies, including reports that describe the actual performance of products tested by the program.
All publications on the site can be downloaded free of charge.
http://www.iowaenergycenter.org/energy-efficiency/projects-partnerships/national-building-controls-information-program/

Pumping System Assessment Tool

This free software tool form the DOEs Industrial Technologies Program helps users assess the efficiency of
pumping systems operations. A fact sheet and User Manual is included.
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_deployment/software_psat.html
Pump Systems Matter
This pump system site contains a variety of useful tools for optimizing pumping systems and achieving better
energy efficiency. Among the available resources are energy saving presentations, an assessment guide, case
studies, white papers, and modeling tools.
http://www.pumpsystemsmatter.org/default.aspx

Energy Efficiency Class Resources

Page 2 of 5

Tool Lending Library at the Pacific Energy Center

The Tool Lending Library (TLL) site contains images and descriptions for its data collecting devices from over 100
vendors. Application Notes describe measurement techniques and provide step-by-step instructions for using
specific tools. The TLL has a search feature to help you select the right tools for your project. A tool request form
and contact information is also provided.
http://www.pge.com/pec/tll/

Commissioning
Building Commissioning Association (BCA)
The Building Commissioning Association is a professional organization dedicated to promoting building
commissioning practices that maintain high professional standards. Case studies, information about
commissioning-related events, membership information, Best Practices in Commissioning Exiting Buildings, and
other useful commissioning publications are available on this site.
https://netforum.avectra.com/eweb/StartPage.aspx?Site=BCA&WebCode=HomePage
California Commissioning Collaborative
The California Commissioning Collaborative is a group of government, utility, and building service professionals
organized to develop and promote commissioning practices in the California. The CCC site includes over 40 case
studies, and a Library of information under its Resources heading that contains articles, white papers, guides, and
sample commissioning documents.
http://www.cacx.org

PG&E Resources:
Business Tools
PG&E Business Tools include Energy Usage, Billing History and Rate Comparison Tools.
http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/myaccount/analysis/
Demand Response Incentives
Information on the various Demand Response incentives offered by PG&E can be found here.
http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/demandresponse/
Energy Use Audit Services. Energy Analyzer
Here are quick on-line tools for identifying and analyzing business energy use. Tools include an Online Energy
Analyzer.
http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/analyzer/
Money-Back Solutions for your Business by Industry
Here you will find information about cash rebates and incentives for replacing existing equipment with new energy
efficient technologies or purchasing new equipment. Design assistance for a new facility and system process is
also available.
http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/incentivesbyindustry/
Money-Back Tool
Use the Money-Back Tool to instantly get a list of rebates that fit your needsand see how much you could be
saving each year.
http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/moneybacksolutions/moneybacktool/index.html

Energy Efficiency Class Resources

Page 3 of 5

PG&E PowerPathway
PowerPathway offers a Portfolio of programs aimed at building capacity within the state of California to produce
the skilled workers needed by PG&E and the energy and utility industry. The PowerPathway Portfolio includes
four separate but interconnected efforts: Career preparation, Industry workforce challenges, Education, and
Green communities.
http://www.pge.com/about/careers/powerpathway/
Partners and Trade Professionals
PG&E program partners, local contractors and trade professionals offer special assistance in implementing
energy efficiency measures for your business.
http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/partnersandtradepros/
Rebates, Incentives, and Resources
Information about current rebates, incentives, money-back programs and resources.
http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/rebatesincentives/
Self-Generation Incentive Program at Pacific Gas and Electric
Financial incentive information, description of eligible technologies, forms, resources, and program contact
information can all be accessed here.
http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/selfgenerationincentive/
Solar Energy
PG&E provides information on how a photovoltaic system works; steps to take before installing solar in your home
or business; solar schools; and requirements and applications for the California Solar Initiative Program.
http://www.pge.com/solar/
Tariff Book
This site contains all current gas and electric rate schedules.
http://www.pge.com/tariffs/
Third Party Incentive Programs and Fact Sheets
PG&E has partnered with energy efficiency specialists in order to extend the reach and effectiveness of energy
efficiency, demand response, renewable energy, and self-generation programs. A fact sheet describing all of the
specialists and their energy efficiency programs can be downloaded here. Use the search function to find
information about all of the programs that are available for your market segment.
http://www.pge.com/thirdparty/
Understanding Your Bill
Sample business class bills with explanations for each bill item.
http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/myaccount/explanationofbill/smallbiz/index.shtml

Print Resources Available in the PECs Resource Center:

ASHRAE Handbook. Fundamentals. ASHRAE, 2009

ASHRAE Handbook: HVAC Systems and Equipment. ASHRAE, 2008
ASHRAE Handbook on HVAC Applications, ASHRAE, 2011
Heating, Cooling, Lighting: Sustainable Design Methods for Architects. Norbert Lechner. John Wiley &
Sons, 2008
nd
HVAC Equations, Data, and Rules of Thumb, 2 ed. Arthur Bell. McGraw-Hill, 2008
th
Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings, 11 edition. Walter Grondzik. Wiley, 2011

Energy Efficiency Class Resources

Page 4 of 5

Journals:

ASHRAE Journal
HPAC Engineering

Other Print Resources:

Air Handling Systems. Tseng-Yao Sun. McGraw-Hill, 1994

Electric Motors and their Applications. Tom Cox Lloyd. Wiley, 1969
HVAC Control Systems Design Diagrams. John Levenhagen. McGraw-Hill, 1998
nd
HVAC Pump Handbook, 2 ed. James B. Rishel, McGraw-Hill, 2006
th
HVAC Systems Design Handbook, 4 ed. Roger W. Haines, McGraw-Hill, 2003

Energy Efficiency Class Resources

Page 5 of 5