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IS 7114 (1973): Criteria for hydraulic design of cross regulators for canals [WRD 13: Canals and Cross Drainage Works]

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

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( Reaffirmed 2004 )

Indian Standard
CRITERiA FOR HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF CROSS REGULATORS FOR CANALS
(Fourth Reprint AUGUST 1993)

UDC 627,845

43 Copyright 1974
BUREAU
MANAK

OF
BHAVAN,

INDIAN

STANDARDS
ZAFAR MARG

9 BAHADUR SHAH NEW DELHI 110002

Gr 3

June 1974

15:7114-1973

Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR HYDRAULIC Di3STGN OF CROSS REGULATORS FOR CANALS
Canals and Canal Linings Sectional
Chairman SHRI K.V.
SREENIVASARAO

Committee,
Representing

BDC 57

Central Water & Power Commission, Irrigation & Power Punjab Department,

New Delhi Government of

Members SHRI M. M. ANANI) SHRI S. S. SAHI ( Alternate) SHRI K. BASANNA CHIEF ENGINEER ( IRRIGATION ) Sam K. SUNDARAM (Alternate SHRI 0. P. DATTA DEPUTY SURVEYOR GENERAL MAJ S. N. DIMRI (Alternate ) SHRI H. C. DuAwAN DIR~CCTOR DIRECTOR DIRECTOR Pavsrors~ ( Alternate DIRECTOR ( FBD ) Snxr R. L. DIWAN

Public Works Department, Government of Mysore Public Works Department, Government of Tamil Nadu

Beas Designs Organization, Nangal Township Survey of India, Dehra Dun Irrigation & Power Department, Gavernment of Haryana Central Water & Power Research Station, Poona Irrigation Department, Government of Rajasthan Land Reclamation, Irrigation & Power Research Institute, Amritsar Central Water & Power Commission, New Delhi Bihar Institute of Hydraulic & Allied Research, Khagaul Irrigation Research Institute, Roorkee

DR S. P. GARB SHRI S. C. MITTAL ( Alternate ) Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi SHRI I. P. KAPILA Planning Commi&m, Government of India San1 G. N. KATHPALIA Snn~ R. V. RA~THIDEVAN ( Alternate) _ Irrigation %z Power Department, Government Ssnr S. D. KULKARNI Maharashtra Snnr P. S. KA~THEKAR ( Alternate ) Concrete Association of dndia, Bombay SHRI M. A. MEHTA Sam Y. K. MEHTA ( dllernafc)

of

( Continued
@

on pap 2 ) 1

Coplright 197k
INDIAN STANDARDS

BUREAU

OF

This publication is protected under the Indian Co@right Act (XIV of 1957 ) a& ermission of the ~, reduction in whole or in part by any means except with written er the said Act. of copyright un LJ) w g lisher shall be deemed to b6 an, infringement

18:7114- 1973

I ( Contitrued

from pngc Members

I)
Water Resources & Development Training Centre, University of Roorkee Irrigation & Power Department, Government of Orissa Irrigation L)epartmenl,Governmanr of Uttar Pradesh Director General, IS1 4 Fx-oficio Member )

SERI M. K. SINGHAL SRRI K. T. SURUDHI


SHRI P. S. YOO SRRI D. AJITHA

Director

SIMHA, ( Civ Engg )

Secretaries SERI G. RAMAN Deputy Director ( Civ Engg), BIS SRRI O.Vnsnr~Ir,va~ Assistant Director ( Civ Engg),

BIS

IS : 7114- 1973/

Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF CROSS REGULATORS FOR CANALS
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian
on 22 September Linings Sectional Division Council. Standard was adopted by theIndian Standards Institution 1973, after the draft finalized by the Canals and Canal Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering with

0.2 Cross regulator is a structuie constructed across a canal provided arrangements to regulate the discharge for the following purposes:

a) To feed offtaking canals in low supplies; b) To escape water from canils in conjunction with escapes; c) To control water surface slope in conjunction with falls, for bringing the canals to regime slope and section; d) To divert supplies to other canals or part of the same canal to enable repairs and construction work; e) To control discharge at an outfall of canal into another canal or lake; and f) To ensure safety of canal lining where subsoil water levels are high. 0.2.1 Cross regulators may be combined with bridges and falls from economic or any other special considerations. When the available working head in an offtaking canal~is more than half the full supply depth in the parent canal, cross regulators may not generally beprovided in conjunction The structural design of the cross regulator has to with head regulators. be closely co-ordinated with that of the head regulator of offtake when built in conjunction with the same. 0.3 This standard covers the criteria for hydraulic design and important structural details of cross regulators on canals as distinct from weirs and The criteria for hydraulic design of barragks constructed across rivers. barrages and weirs are given in Indian Standard criteria for hydraulic design of barrages and weirs ( underpreparation). 0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether standard is complied with, the final expressing the result of a test or analysis, The number of ance with IS : 2- 196@. rounded off value should be the same as standard. a particular requirement of this value, observed or calculated, shall be rounded off in accordsignificant places retained in the that of the specified-value in this

l Si&EpFbliah&aslS: @g&41973 tIi;l& for row&g off &me&al values ~reoiscd ).

IS : 7114 - 1973 1. SCOPE 1.1 This


regulators standard covers for canals. the criteria the for hydraulic design of cross

1.1.1This standard combined with falls.

also covers

design criteria

for regulators

1.1.2 Although a cross regulator may be combined with a bridge, this standard does not cover the details of the piers, abutments and bridge decking for vehicular traffic. 2. WATERWAY

2.1 The linear waterway to be provided for the cross regulator should be
according
NOTE

to 2.1.1 to 2.1.3.

standard

Marginal size and/or

adjustments in the waterway flash boards for regulation.

may

be made

to suit the gates of

2.1.1 For an headless regulator (that is, when there is no fall between upstream and downstream full supply levels) in anunlined canal the overall linear waterway may be kept equal to the bed width in case of shallow and wide canals ( for example, irrigation canals) and equal to the mean width of the canal in the case of canals with deep and narrow sections ( for example, drains) to .avoid undesirable constric.lon and concentration of discharge.
-2.1.2 For headless regulator on lined canal the clear linear waterway may be kept equal to the average width of the canal and overall linear waterway equal to width of the canal at full supply level with marginal adjustments in both. 2.1.3 Where the regulator is combined wjth a fall the clear waterway would depend on the following two conditions: linear

a) For submerged falls, the drawing ratio (that is, the ratio of railwater over crest to head water over crest) should be greater than 08; and b) For free falls, the discharge per be equal to or greater than that head and the required value of (generally above downstream cistern in certain cases ). unit length over the crest should required for the available loss of the full supply depth downstream bed level or above downstream

The value of fluming ratio Bt/B (that is, ratio ofclear waterway to design bed width downstream) obtained from Fig. 1 would generally be found to ensure the above two conditions and should not be kept less than 05 although it has to be fixed keeping in view the requirements of setting the crest in accordancewith 3.1.2.

04

E 3 IL
4 0.7

s jE

FULL

SUPPLY

DISCHARGE

D/S

OF

FALL

FIG. 1

FLUMINGRATIOS FOR FALLS COMBINED WITH REGULATORS

2.1.3.1 In case of falls where modular working (accompanied by formation of distinct hydraulic jump or standing wave ) cannot be ensured due to small working heads, the dimensions of waterway should be judiciously selected to aIlow passage of discharge at subcritical velocities. 2.2 Number and Width of Bays

2.2.1 The number of bays in a canal may be kept odd from aesthetic reasons and to avoid a pier in the centre of the canal where the concentration of discharge and consequently the scour may be somewhat more. This would also help in better check over the centre line of the can@ because of direct visibility. In special cases, however, the number of bays may be kept even. 2.2.1.1 The width of each bay for K&e regulation should generally be kept equal to or less than 2.5 m but in no case more than 3 m. 2.2.1.2 For needle regulation the width of each bay may generally be kept between 3 and 6 m, 3

IS : 7114- 1973 2.2.1.3 For depths of flow greater than 2 m, gate regulation is adopted. The width of each bay for gate regulation should be kept in accordance with standard sizes of gates, which are readily available or can conveniently be manufactured without much loss of time and effort.
3. CREST LEVEL

3.1 In the case of unlined

In the case of canals only a sill is provided. lined canals a crest is generally provided to red&e the height of regulation arrangement. The crest level shall he fixed according to 3.1.1 and 3.1.2. 3.1.1 worked The crest level of the cross regulator out using the follo\ving equation: combined with fall shall be

where Q= full supply discharge waterway in mg/s, C = coefficient Rl = clear N= of discharge, in m, and + head due ro

head over crest = full supply level upstream velocity of approach ( ha ) - crest level.

Norm In the above formula the exact value of C, th+, coefficient of discharge depends on many factors, such as the head over the sill shape and width of the crest. its height over the upstream floor and roughness. of its surface. It is, therefore, recommended that the value of C be determined by model studies where values based on prototype observations on similar structures are not available.

3.1.2 In a lined canal, setting of the crest above bed (upstream 01 downstream, whichever is higher), should not be less than 15 cm noI higher than 40 percent ~of the normal depth of the canal upstream and fluming ratio calculated according to 2.1.3 may be adjusted accordingly.
3.2 The crest profile (that is, upstream glacis, crest, downstream glacis and the radii joining the upstream and downstream glacis with the crest ) should be kept in accordance with requirements for a fall. 3.2.1 Generally for discharges higher than 10 cumecs the upstream and downstream glacis should have a slope of the two horizontal to one The crest width shall be fixed from operational cosiderations vertical. The subject to a minimum of 2/3 H (where H is the head over crest ). radius joining the crest with upstream glacis should be kept equal to H and the radius joining the crest with downstream glacis should be kept eq+fai to 1.5 H.

3.2.2
glacis

For discharges lower than 10 cumecs the slope. of downstream shall be kept at 25:l. The upstream glacis should be entireb of 6

1837114-1973
a circular~curve without any straight curve is obtained ~from the following R = B where portion. formula: 3H=-x= 2xof upstream upstream glacis in cm, bed in m. glacis should have a The radius of the circular

Ra =
H=

radius

of curvature

head over crest in m, and the crest with the downstream

x = height of crest above The curve joining radius of 60 cm. 4. HEAD

LOSS
and contraction foilqwing general depends on the guidelines for

4.1 The loss of head due to expansion


type of transitions provided. The calculating this loss shall be adopted:

a) When the transitions are smooth the loss is zero at the inlet and ( 0.5 x change in vklocity head at the exit, and Ii) When the transitions are abrupt thq loss is 05 X change in velocity head at the &let and 15 x change in velocity h,cad at the exit. 4.2 The losses of head in the structure need not be computed. 5. CISTERN due EO friction are negligible and

DIMENSIONS

5.1 Length of downstream cistern should be such as to absorb the turbulent flow downstream of the hydraulic jump and shall be determined according to the procedure given in IS : 4997- 1?68*. 5.2 The elevation of cistern floor with respect to crest level determined according to the procedure given in IS : 4997-1968.
6. EXIT shall be

GRADIENT

AND UPLIFT

PRESSURE

should be checked for safe exit gradient in accordance with accepted theories and adequate length of floor and downstream cut off wall should be provided for safe values of exit gradients. An exit gradient of 02 to 0.3, depending on type of soil and importance of structure, may be considered safe for ordinary conditions. If the overall length the downstream curtain wall has to be of impervious floor is inadequate, deepened to the required extent. *Criteria for design of hydraulic jump type stilling basins with horizontal and sloping apron. 7

6.1 The structure

IS : 7114- 1973 6.2 The pressures thickness calculated of floors provided shall be sufficient in accordance with accepted theories. to resist uplift

6.2.1 The uplift pressures should be worked out for the following two conditions and the calculation of floor thickness shall be based on the higher value of uplift pressure: a) When the upstream water level is headed and downstream cistern is pumped dry. b) When the upstream water level is headed and varying discharges pass downstream.
NOTE - The maximum standing wave is located. uplift would occur at the point

up to full supply up to full


where the

level level

supply

trough of the
level

6.2.2 In case the subsoil water level is higher than the full supply upstream, special precautions should be taken against uplift,

6.2.3 Pressure relief arrangements should be provided in the case of important structures subjected to high uplift pressures. When these arrangements are provided suitable reduction in uplift pressures may be provided .depending upon the soil and the effectiveness and expected performance of the relief measures provided. 7. OTHER REQUIREMENTS be smooth and

7.1 The upstream and downstream approaches should should generally conform to the requirements for falls. 7.2 The upstream and downstream curtain walls, provision of staggered blocks, if any, should conform for falls.

bed protection and to the requirements

7.3 The regulation arrangements may comprise of flash board (iCarrie)/ needle regulation or gate regulation or both depending on the importance . of the structure.

7.4 The piers and abutments

shall have vertical faces without any batter in the portion where gates are provided. A double set of flash board grooves with 30 cm clear space in between shall be provided when flash board regulation is adopted, as shown in Fig. 2. The length of the piei should be checked for safety against sliding for the following conditions: a) Water headed up to fuli supply level on upstream and do\vnstream dry. b) When there is maximum differential head calrsed by closure 01 one bay in addition to superimposed loads. 7.5 For gate regulation, a platform generally 1.5 to 2 m wide should be provided for accommodating lifting arrangements as shown in Fig. 2. Also whD~>iash boards are provided: a platform should be provided downstream ( :i T:~Z Bashboard grooves, as shown in Fig. 2. In case of needle regulation

II

IS : 7114 - 1953

--_--_
c-e -__

----_

---___

Fxo.

REGULATORWITH GATE AND Karrie REGULATION

IS : 7114- 1973 a foot rest for the needle shall be provided on the crest as shown in I&. 3.. The needles should preferably have a slope of 15 and the shape of the abutting edge of the regulation platform should be tapered accol.dingly.

Q rNEEDLE

FIG.

REGULATOR

WITH

NEEDLE

REGULATION

BkA
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