http://www.fas.

org/irp/world/india/raw/ Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) The Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) of the government of India analyzes intelligence data from the Intelligence B rea and the !"#$ %irectorate of &ilitary Intelligence$ %irectorate of 'aval Intelligence$ %irectorate of "ir Intelligence. JIC has its own secretariat that is nder the Ca(inet )ecretariat$ The 'ational )ec rity Co ncil (')C)$ esta(lished on *+ " g st ,--.$ incl des the /rime &inister as Chairman$ and the 0ome &inister$ 12ternal "ffairs &inister$ %efence &inister and 3inance &inister as mem(ers. )ince its inception the Co ncil has met 4 st once$ on .5 6cto(er ,--.. Intelligence Bureau (IB) The Intelligence B rea (IB) is the Indian government7s domestic intelligence agency$ and rep tedly the world8s oldest intelligence agency. It is rather diffic lt to ascertain what the IB does$ since its operations are o tside the p rview of a dit or in9 iry. In addition to domestic intelligence responsi(ilities$ the IB is partic larly tas:ed with intelligence collection in (order areas$ following the ,-5, recommendations of the 0immatsinh4i Committee (also :nown as the 'orth and 'orth;1ast Border Committee)$ a tas: entr sted to military intelligence organizations prior to independence in ,-+<. The IB was also tas:ed with other e2ternal intelligence responsi(ilities as of ,-5,. The Indian Telegraph "ct a thorizes the s rveillance of comm nications$ incl ding monitoring telephone conversations and intercepting personal mail$ in case of p (lic emergency or =in the interest of the p (lic safety or tran9 ility.= These powers have (een sed (y every state government. It has (een reported that as many as 5$... letters from a(road are intercepted every day (y the Intelligence B rea nder the provisions of the Indian /ost 6ffice "ct. Indian co rts do not iss e warrants or accept wiretaps as evidence$ giving the police little incentive to intercept. &any wiretaps are cond cted =informally= (y agencies s ch as the Intelligence B rea $ and the targets are fre9 ently opposition politicians. 3rom time to time a few s ch cases have come to light$ (een f rio sly de(ated in /arliament$ and declared illegal. The IB has also employed officers$ who s (mit letters and opinion pieces nder ass med names$ to ens re that newspapers carry the government7s point of view. The Intelligence B rea (IB) proc res information which is more often than not related to the sec rity of the c rrent >overnment rather than of the nation. The %&? government led (y &. ?ar nanidhi in Tamil 'ad was dismissed in ,--. on gro nds of having enco raged the @i(eration Tigers of Tamil 1elam (@TT1) movement in the state. :ar nanidhi had portrayed the fellow Tamils8 ca se in )ri @an:a as 4 st and no(le. Imposition of central r le in Tamil 'ad $ a political step ta:en nder press re from the Congress (I) /arty$ was ta:en following a series of reports filed (y the Intelligence B rea (IB) that reveale the growing informal relationship (etween the followers of the %&? and the @TT1. "ltho gh the IB had

esta(lished ?ar nanidhi8s sympathy towards the @TT1$ it was naware of the gro p8s plan to assasinate !a4iv >andhi. )o rces and &ethods Beyond The Aohra !eport Inder &alhotra The 0ind $ " g st .5$ ,--5 #ho decides whose phone is to (e tappedB Air )anghvi Ba( s #e Can8t "fford &ilitary Intelligence in India: "n "nalysis B0")0C"& ?")TD!I : The Indian %efence !eview$ ,--< The >ame 6f 3o2es: J;? Intelligence #ar &ano4 Joshi Times 6f India$ J ly ,E$ ,--+ Research and Analysis Wing [RAW] The !esearch and "nalysis #ing F!"#G is India8s foreign intelligence agency. !"# has (ecome an effective instr ment of Indian national power$ and has ass med a significant role in carrying o t India8s domestic and foreign policies. !"# has engaged in espionage against /a:istan and other neigh(oring co ntries. It has en4oyed the (ac:ing of s ccessive Indian governments in these efforts. #or:ing directly nder the /rime &inister$ the str ct re and operations of the !esearch H "nalysis #ing are :ept secret from /arliament. 3o nded in ,-EI$ !"# foc sed largely on /a:istan. Its formation was initially motivated (y reports of /a:istan s pplying weapons to )i:h militants$ and providing shelter and training to g errillas in /a:istan. ' mero s missions were assigned to !"# pon its creation. These incl ded monitoring political and military developments in neigh(oring co ntries that affects Indian national sec rity. Conse9 ently$ considera(le attention is paid (y !"# to /a:istan and China$ co ntries that are traditional rivals of India. !"# has evolved from its origins as a part of the Intelligence B rea to develop into India8s predominant intelligence organization. In ,-EI$ !"# had *5. agents and a ( dget of !s. * crore. This has e2panded to the present day total of an estimated eight to ten tho sand agents and a ( dget that e2perts place at !s. ,5.. crore$ alternately estimated at J,+5 million. /a:istan has acc sed the !esearch and "nalysis #ing of sponsoring sa(otage in / n4a($ where !"# is alleged to have s pported the )erai:i movement$ providing financial s pport to promote its activities in /a:istan and organizing an International )erai:i Conference in %elhi in 'ovem(er;%ecem(er ,--K. !"# has an e2tensive networ: of agents and anti;government elements within /a:istan$ incl ding dissident elements from vario s sectarian and ethnic gro ps of )indh and / n4a(. / (lished reports in /a:istan allege that as many as K5$... !"# agents entered /a:istan (etween ,-IK;-K$ with ,*$... wor:ing in )indh$ ,.$... in / n4a($ I$... in 'orth #est 3rontier /rovince and 5... in Balochistan. !"# has a long history of activity in Bangladesh$ s pporting (oth sec lar forces and the area8s 0ind minority. The involvement of !"# in 1ast /a:istan is said to date from the ,-E.s$ when

!"# s pported & 4i( r !ahman$ leading p to his general election victory in ,-<.. !"# also provided training and arms to the Bangladeshi freedom fighters :nown as & :ti Bahini. !"#8s aid was instr mental in Bangladesh8s gaining independence from /a:istan in ,-<,. % ring the co rse of its investigation the Jain Commission received testimony on the official Indian s pport to the vario s )ri @an:an Tamil armed gro ps in Tamil 'ad . 3rom ,-I,$ !"# and the Intelligence B rea esta(lished a networ: of as many as K. training (ases for these gro ps in India. Centers were also esta(lished at the high;sec rity military installation of Cha:rata$ near %ehra % n$ and in the !ama:rishna / ram area of 'ew %elhi. This clandestine s pport to the @i(eration Tigers of Tamil 1elam (@TT1)$ some of whom were on the payroll of !"#$ was later s spended. )tarting in late ,-IE the !esearch and "nalysis #ing foc sed s rveillance on the @TT1 which was e2panding ties with Tamil 'ad separatist gro ps. !a4iv >andhi so ght to esta(lish good relations with the @TT1$ even after the Indian /eace ?eeping 3orce FI/?3G e2perience in )ri @an:a. B t the Indian intelligence comm nity failed to acc rately assess the character of the @TT1 and its orientation India and its political leaders. The @TT1 assassination of !a4iv >andhi was apparently motivated (y fears of a possi(le re;ind ction of the Indian /eace ?eeping 3orce (I/?3) in )ri @an:a and a crac:down on the @TT1 networ: in Tamil 'ad . !"# was heavily criticized in ,---$ following the /a:istani inc rsions at ?argil. Critics acc sed !"# of failing to provide intelligence that co ld have prevented the ens ing ten;wee: conflict that (ro ght India and /a:istan to the (rin: of f ll;scale war. #hile the army has (een critical of the lac: of information they received$ !"# has pointed the finger at the politicians$ claiming they had provided all the necessary information. &ost Indian officials (elieve that in order to prevent another s ch occ rrence$ comm nication needs to (e increased (etween the intelligence agencies$ which wo ld re9 ire str ct ral reform. &ost recently$ !"# has gained attention for providing the D) with intelligence on "l;Laeda and Tali(an targets for the war on terrorism in "fghanistan. &aps and photographs of terrorist training camps in "fghanistan and /a:istan$ along with other evidence implicating 6sama (in @aden in terrorist attac:s$ were given to D) intelligence officials. )o rces and &ethods Indians 0and 1vidence on (in @aden to D)$ 0erald ) n$ )eptem(er ,<$ *..,. The >ame 6f 3o2es: J;? Intelligence #ar$ &ano4 Joshi Times 6f India$ J ly ,E$ ,--+ 8/ra(ha:aran said he did not tr st either !"# or the ministry of e2ternal affairs8 ' %i2it India has esta(lished Terrorist Training Camp in Ladian (y 3aroo9 "dil$ )pecial #ee:ly Ta:(eer !eport %ecem(er *5$ ,--< 1m(assy / mped &oney To D) /olitical !ace By &D!"@I !"'>"'"T0"' The Times of India F,--EG 8!a4iv said he wo ld sec re 1elam for /ra(ha:aran8 By: Coomi ?apoor The Island ; *,st %ecem(er ,--< Indian )py "gency8s M&achinations8 Aiewed: 3BI);'1);-E;*+5 Islama(ad T01 &D)@I&$ ,I %ec -E p E "rticle )ees !"# Behind Bom(ings: 3BI);T6T;-<;.,<;@ /eshawar The 3rontier /ost$ + 3e( -< p E

)t dies Blame Indian )pies for MTerrorism8: 3BI);'1);-5;.+I Islama(ad T01 '1#) ,* &ar -5 p ,, Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) The Central B rea of Investigation (CBI) is India8s premier investigating agency$ responsi(le for a wide variety of criminal and national sec rity matters. The was esta(lished on ., "pril ,-EK$ and evolved from the )pecial /olice 1sta(lishment esta(lished in ,-+,. The Central B rea of Investigation is controlled (y the %epartment of /ersonnel of the Dnion >overnment headed (y a &inister of )tate who reports to the /rime &inister$ altho gh it is administratively part of the Dnion &inistry of 0ome "ffairs headed (y a Ca(inet &inister. The Central B rea of Investigation has (een responsi(le for the in9 iry into into the Bofors Case. "ssociates of the late prime minister !a4iv >andhi were lin:ed to alleged pay;offs made in the mid;,-I.s (y the )wedish arms form "B Bofors$ with J+. million in :ic:(ac:s moved from Britain and /anama to secret )wiss (an:s. The J,$K.. million arms p rchase of +,. howitzer field g ns involved in the sale were reported to (e inferior to those offered (y a 3rench competitor. In ,--+ two scientists with the Indian )pace !esearch 6rganisation (I)!6) and two Indian ( sinessmen were arrested for allegedly conspiring to sell space secrets to two &aldivian women$ who were originally descri(ed (y newspapers as agents of /a:istani intelligence$ for money and se2. The CBI investigation did not reveal the e2istence of a spy ring$ and (y early ,--5 it was clear that the case was more a prod ct of ine2perience and over e2 (eration on the part of the police and Intelligence B rea . Ne intelligence agency set u!" (y )an4ay )ingh The /ioneer ('ew %elhi) "pril <$ *..K F3BI) Transcri(ed Te2tG 'ew %elhi. " highly specialised technical intelligence gathering agency$ 'ational Technical 3acilities 6rganisation F'T36G$ has (een created (y the government. #hile the agency wo ld not affect the wor:ing of technical wings of vario s intelligence agencies$ incl ding those of armed forces$ it will act as a s per;feeder agency for providing technical intelligence to other agencies on internal and e2ternal sec rity. The >ro p of &inisters F>6&G headed (y %ep ty /rime &inister @ ? "dvani had recommended constit tion of the 'T36 as a state;of;the;art technical wing of intelligence gathering. % e to sec rity concerns$ the recommendation along with s ch other matters were not made p (lic when

the >6& report was p (lished. The organisation will do hi;tech s rveillance 4o(s$ incl ding satellite monitoring$ terrestrial monitoring$ internet monitoring$ considered vital for the national sec rity apparat s. #ith the appointment of ! ) Bedi the cell has started wor:ing. the 'T36 wo ld re9 ire over !s <.. crore F< (illion r peesG to proc re different hi;tech e9 ipment from specialised agencies aro nd the glo(e to (ecome f lly f nctional. The officials have identified co ntries from where s ch gadgets co ld (e proc red ( t ref sed to reveal them d e to =sec rity and other implications.= The proposal for ( dgetary and manpower s pport has (een sent to top officials and is e2pected to (e cleared soon. The government had (een wor:ing in this direction after the ?argil war in ,--- when the ) (ramani m committee report pointed o t wea:nesses in intelligence gathering in the national sec rity set p. )o rces said the roadmap for constit tion of the 'ational Technical 3acilities 6rganisation was prepared (y %r " / J "(d l ?alam in 6cto(er *.., when he was the /rincipal )cientific "dvisor. It was s (se9 ently mentioned in the >ro p of &inisters report on internal sec rity. )o rces said %ep ty /rime &inister had (een :een to ens re that recommendations made (y the >ro p of &inisters (e implemented as soon as possi(le. F%escription of )o rce: 'ew %elhi The /ioneer in 1nglish ;; Independent daily with a rep tation for strong coverage of domestic iss es and tho ghtf l editorial positionsN owned (y the Thapar >ro pG