DNA and Chromosomes Take Home Quiz

1.Which base pairs are found in DNA? A. AC and TG B. AT and CG C. AG and CT D. A-U and C-G

2.What type of bond connects base pairs? A. Covalent bond B. Ionic bond C. Hydrogen bond

3.The polarity in a DNA strand is indicated by referring to one end as the 3' end and the other as the 5' end. Which structure is on the 3' end? A. Hydroxyl group B. Phosphate group C. Nitrogenous base

4.What does the term genome refer to? A. All of the proteins expressed in an organism B. The complete set of information in an organism's DNA C. The set of genes turned on in an organism, tissue, or cell

5.Each chromosome contains: A. one long DNA molecule.

B. one long RNA molecule. C. one long sequence of amino acids. D. a single gene for a protein.

6.Which of the following is true for most genes? A. A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a particular protein. B. A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a particular RNA. C. A gene is a region of DNA that controls a discrete hereditary characteristic of an organism. D. All of the above.

7.The human genome contains approximately how many genes? A. 500 B. 25,000 C. 100,000 D. 3,000,000,000

8.What evidence suggests that the large amount of excess junk DNA in a genome may serve an important function? A. All organisms have excess junk DNA B. A portion of junk DNA is highly conserved in its DNA sequence among many different eukaryotic species.

9.The structures that cap the ends of eucaryotic chromosomes are called: A. centromeres. B. telomeres. C. mitotic spindles.

D. histones.

10.The structure that allows each duplicated eucaryotic chromosome to be pulled into a daughter cell is called a: A. centromere. B. telomere. C. mitotic spindle. D. histone.

11.What structure in an interphase cell contains ribosomal RNA and proteins for the formation of ribosomes? A. Chromatin B. Nucleolus C. Nuclear lamina

12.The DNA in eucaryotic chromosomes is folded into a compact form by interactions with: A. RNA. B. proteins. C. euchromatin. D. microtubules. E. centromeres.

13.The complex of DNA and protein in chromosomes is called: A. centromeres. B. histone. C. centrosome.

D. chromatin.

14.Histone proteins pack DNA into a repeating array of DNA-protein particles called: A. heterochromatin. B. nucleosomes. C. euchromatin. D. nucleoli.

15.What statement about nucleosomes is false? A. A nucleosome is a bead on a string of unfolded chromatin. B. A nucleosome produces a 3-fold packing ratio of DNA. C. Nucleosomes are found only in mitotic chromosomes. D. A nucleosome consists of DNA wrapped around 8 histone proteins, plus a short segment of linker DNA.

16.Which statement is true about the tight association of histone proteins and DNA? A. Histone proteins have a high proportion of positively charged amino acids, which attract the negatively charged phosphate groups on DNA. B. Histone proteins have deep grooves into which a DNA double helix tightly fits.

17.What histone protein (considered a linker histone) is thought to pull nucleosomes together into a regular repeating array, resulting in a 30-nm fiber? A. Histone H1 B. Histone H2A C. Histone H2B D. Histone H3 E. Histone H4

18.How do chromatin-remodeling complexes work? A. They use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to alter nucleosomes and make certain regions of the DNA more accessible to other proteins. B. They bind to nucleosomes in the 30-nm fiber and induce another level of packing, obscuring DNA from binding by other proteins. C. They add methyl groups to the tails of histones in order to attract other proteins.

19.The core histone proteins have tails that can be chemically modified by what type of group? A. Acetyl B. Phosphate C. Methyl D. Any of the above

20.In the chromatin of interphase chromosomes, regions of the chromosome that contain genes being expressed are generally more compact, while those that contain quiescent genes are more generally more extended. A. True B. False

21.What is the most highly condensed form of chromatin? A. Heterochromatin B. 30-nm chromatin fibers C. Euchromatin

22.Histone tail modifications establish and maintain the different chromatin structures found in heterochromatin and euchromatin.

A. True B. False

23.Which of the following is false? A. A cell can temporarily decondense its chromatin to silence genes during differentiation. B. A cell can temporarily decondense its chromatin to give proteins rapid, localized access to specific DNA sequences. C. A cell can temporarily decondense its chromatin to allow access to specific DNA sequences for replication, repair, or gene expression.

24.A cell can pass certain types of chromatin structure to daughter cells during cell reproduction. What molecules are key to this type of inheritance? A. DNA molecules B. Histone proteins C. RNA molecules

25.What form of inheritance describes how a cell passes down chromatin structure (i.e., heterochromatin or euchromatin) from parent to daughter cells? A. Genetic inheritance B. Perigenetic inheritance C. Epigenetic inheritance D. Filial inheritance

Answers:

Question1.Which base pairs are found in DNA? B. AT and CG C. AG and CT D. A-U and C-G The correct answer is B

A. AC and TG

Question3.The polarity in a DNA strand is indicated by referring to one end as the 3' end and the other as the 5' end. Which structure is on the 3' end? B. Phosphate group C. Nitrogenous base The correct answer is A Question4.What does the term genome refer to? organism A. All of the proteins expressed in an A. Hydroxyl group

B. The complete set of information in an organism's DNA C. The set of genes turned on in an organism, tissue, or cell The correct answer is B Question7.The human genome contains approximately how many genes? B. 25,000 C. 100,000 D. 3,000,000,000 The correct answer is B Question9.The structures that cap the ends of eucaryotic chromosomes are called: A. centromeres. B. telomeres. C. mitotic spindles. D. histones. The correct answer is B Question12.The DNA in eucaryotic chromosomes is folded into a compact form by interactions with: A. RNA. A. 500

B. proteins. C. euchromatin. D. microtubules. E. centromeres.

The correct answer is B Question13.The complex of DNA and protein in chromosomes is called: B. histone. C. centrosome. D. chromatin. The correct answer is D Question14.Histone proteins pack DNA into a repeating array of DNA-protein particles called: A. heterochromatin. B. nucleosomes. C. euchromatin. D. nucleoli. The correct answer is B Question15.What statement about nucleosomes is false? string of unfolded chromatin. A. A nucleosome is a bead on a A. centromeres.

B. A nucleosome produces a 3-fold packing ratio of DNA. C. Nucleosomes are found only in mitotic chromosomes. D. A nucleosome consists of DNA wrapped around 8 histone proteins, plus a short segment of linker DNA. The correct answer is C Question17.What histone protein (considered a linker histone) is thought to pull nucleosomes together into a regular repeating array, resulting in a 30-nm fiber? B. Histone H2A C. Histone H2B D. Histone H3 E. Histone H4 The correct answer is A Question18.How do chromatin-remodeling complexes work? A. They use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to alter nucleosomes and make certain regions of the DNA more accessible to other proteins. B. They bind to nucleosomes in the 30-nm fiber and induce another level of packing, obscuring DNA from binding by other proteins. C. They add methyl groups to the tails of histones in order to attract other proteins. The correct answer is A A. Histone H1

Question21.What is the most highly condensed form of chromatin? B. 30-nm chromatin fibers C. Euchromatin The correct answer is A

A. Heterochromatin

Question23.Which of the following is false? A. A cell can temporarily decondense its chromatin to silence genes during differentiation. B. A cell can temporarily decondense its chromatin to give proteins rapid, localized access to specific DNA sequences. C. A cell can temporarily decondense its chromatin to allow access to specific DNA sequences for replication, repair, or gene expression. The correct answer is A Question24.A cell can pass certain types of chromatin structure to daughter cells during cell reproduction. What molecules are key to this type of inheritance? B. Histone proteins C. RNA molecules The correct answer is B Question25.What form of inheritance describes how a cell passes down chromatin structure (i.e., heterochromatin or euchromatin) from parent to daughter cells? B. Perigenetic inheritance C. Epigenetic inheritance D. Filial inheritance The correct answer is C A. Genetic inheritance A. DNA molecules